Operational and Treatment Considerations for Stimulating the ...
Operational and Treatment Considerations for Stimulating the ...
Operational and Treatment Considerations for Stimulating the ...
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<strong>Operational</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Treatment</strong><br />
<strong>Considerations</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Stimulating</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Haynesville Shale<br />
March 2, 2009<br />
Chuck Bell<br />
BJ Services Company
Overview<br />
• Field Overview<br />
• Job Quality & Equipment<br />
• Wellbore Configurations<br />
• <strong>Treatment</strong> Designs<br />
• Frac Fluids <strong>and</strong> Proppants<br />
• Future <strong>Treatment</strong>s
Stimulation Jobs by County/Parish<br />
June 1, 2008 – February 18, 2009<br />
Haynesville Depths:<br />
•Harrison @ 10,900’ – 11,400’<br />
•De Soto @ 11,000 - 11,500’<br />
•Bossier/Caddo @ 10,500’-<br />
11,700
Who’s active in <strong>the</strong> Haynesville Shale?<br />
• Cabot Oil & Gas<br />
• Chesapeake<br />
• Comstock<br />
• Devon<br />
• Encana<br />
• Exco<br />
• Forest Oil<br />
• Goodrich<br />
• Petrohawk<br />
• St. Mary’s L<strong>and</strong> &<br />
Exploration Co.<br />
• XTO Energy<br />
• EOG<br />
• Many operators<br />
developing HS<br />
strategies
Shales Compared
Exerpt from Warlick International report “North American<br />
Unconventional Gas Market Report 2008” Edition 2 of 2
FTVLH<br />
14000<br />
12000<br />
10000<br />
8000<br />
6000<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
Depth Ranges<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
MIN_DEPTH (Ft) MAX_DEPTH (Ft)<br />
ANTRIM<br />
OHIO<br />
BARNETT
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
Total Organic Carbon Range<br />
OHIO<br />
ANTRIM<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
FTVLH<br />
MIN_TOC% MAX_TOC%<br />
BARNETT
Thermal Maturity Range<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
BARNETT<br />
OHIO<br />
ANTRIM<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
FTVLH<br />
MIN_%Ro<br />
MAX_%Ro<br />
From one Haynesville well, %Ro ranges from 1.5 – 2.5<br />
Potential <strong>for</strong> methane destruction in shales <strong>for</strong> %Ro > 2
FTVLH<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Porosity Range<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
MIN_POROSITY MAX_POROSITY<br />
ANTRIM<br />
OHIO<br />
BARNETT
Gas Content Range<br />
500<br />
450<br />
400<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
BARNETT<br />
OHIO<br />
ANTRIM<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
FTVLH<br />
MIN_GAS CONTENT (SCF/TON)<br />
MAX_GAS CONTENT (SCF/TON)<br />
Haynesville gas content range is one data point reported by Encana
Reservoir Pressure Gradient Range<br />
0.9 1<br />
0.8<br />
0.7<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
BARNETT<br />
OHIO<br />
ANTRIM<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
FTVLH<br />
MIN_PRESSURE GRADIENT (PSI/FT)<br />
MAX_PRESSURE GRADIENT (PSI/FT)<br />
HSVL source Encana Adcock #1 well (high) <strong>and</strong> Petrohawk EGP #63 press release
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
Net Pay Range<br />
BARNETT<br />
OHIO<br />
ANTRIM<br />
LEWIS<br />
NEW ALBANY<br />
HSVL<br />
WDFDSH<br />
MRCL<br />
FTVLH<br />
MIN_NET (Ft) MAX_NET (Ft)<br />
Warning: No guarantee of consistency here!
Haynesville Completion Systems & Staging<br />
• Horizontal laterals typically 4,000 – 5,000 feet<br />
• Cemented 4 1/2” or 5 ½” casing with pumpdown<br />
composite plugs preferred<br />
• 9 – 12 frac stages, one stage per 300 – 500 ft<br />
• Per<strong>for</strong>ated with 3-4 perf sets over 40-60 ft
Wellbore Configurations<br />
• Casing Size<br />
• 5-1/2” 17# P-110 Cemented<br />
• 4-1/2” 15.1# P-110 Cemented<br />
• 5-1/2” 26# Q-125 to 4-1/2” 15.1# P-110 Cemented<br />
• 5-1/2” 23# P-110 Cemented<br />
• 7” 26# P-110 to 5-1/2” 23# P-110 Cemented
Per<strong>for</strong>ation Schemes<br />
• Per<strong>for</strong>ation Schemes<br />
• Vertical 1 stage completion<br />
• 6 intervals/stage, 6 spf, 72 shots<br />
• 5 intervals/stage, 6 spf, 60 shots<br />
• 5 intervals/stage, 2 spf, 50 shots<br />
• 5 intervals/stage 6 spf , 60 shots
Stages & Isolation<br />
• # of stages –<br />
• 200’ Intervals – 40’ between perfs<br />
• 240’ Intervals - 60’ between perfs<br />
• 2’ Intervals – 60’ between perfs<br />
• Method of Zonal Isolation<br />
• Plug <strong>and</strong> Gun<br />
• Flow thru Plug <strong>and</strong> gun<br />
• Pump down rate 150-220 ft/min
<strong>Treatment</strong> Schedule<br />
• Rates & Pressures<br />
• 75-80 bpm @ 7,000 – 8,000 psi<br />
• 50-60 BPM @ 12,000 psi<br />
• 60-70 BPM @ 12,500 psi<br />
• 70-80 BPM @ 12,000 psi<br />
• 80+ BPM @ 12,000 psi<br />
• 80 – 90 bpm @ 10,000 – 12,300 psi<br />
• 80 BPM @ 10,900 psi (avg.)
Questions to be asked…<br />
• What type fluid, <strong>and</strong> why?<br />
• What type proppant,<strong>and</strong> size?<br />
• Rate, which one?<br />
• Prop Volume?<br />
• Fluid Volume?<br />
• Why do we need acid?
Haynesville Frac Fluid<br />
• No consensus on fluid<br />
• SW, hybrid, X-L gels are all in use<br />
• 30 – 35# Borates <strong>and</strong> CMHPG systems<br />
• Hybrid frac using SW / 25# Linear / 25# Borate<br />
fluids<br />
• Increased fluid viscosity seems desirable<br />
from a prop transport st<strong>and</strong>point<br />
• Injection rates in from 50 – 60 bpm up to 85<br />
bpm
What About Proppant?<br />
• Based on rock properties, larger grained proppant will<br />
per<strong>for</strong>m better?<br />
• Which proppant should be utilized?<br />
• Proppant Selections<br />
• 30/50 Interprop<br />
• 100 mesh<br />
• 20/40 ISP<br />
• 40/70 ISP<br />
• 16/30 ISP<br />
• Carbo HydroProp 40/80<br />
• Hexion Prime Plus 40/70<br />
• AcFrac Black Plus 40/70
Haynesville Proppant<br />
• Typical fracs are 8-12 stages with a total of<br />
2-3 MM pounds of proppant<br />
• Texas Average Stages per well is 6-8<br />
• Louisiana Average Stages per well is 6-15<br />
• Designs are focused on 40/70, with some 100<br />
Mesh up front<br />
• Proppants pumped may reflect availability
Proppants Pumped Haynesville Louisiana<br />
• AcFrac Black Plus 20/40 • PR-Black 20/40<br />
• AcFrac Black Plus 40/70 • S<strong>and</strong> White 100 mesh<br />
• Atlas PRC Premium 40/70 • S<strong>and</strong> White 20/40<br />
• Atlas PRC 20/40<br />
• SinterBall Bauxite 30/50<br />
• CARBOHYDROPROP 40/80 • Sinterball 20/40<br />
• Carboprop 16/30<br />
• SinterBlast 50/120 mesh<br />
• Carboprop 20/40<br />
• SinterLite Bauxite 20/40<br />
• Econoprop 20/40<br />
• SinterLite Bauxite 30/50<br />
• Econoprop 30/50<br />
• Tempered HS 20/40<br />
• Interprop 20/40<br />
• Tempered HS 40/70<br />
• Interprop 30/50<br />
• Versaprop 18/40
Proppants Pumped Haynesville Texas<br />
•AcFrac Black Plus 20/40<br />
•S<strong>and</strong>, White, 100 mesh<br />
•AcFrac Black Plus 40/70<br />
•S<strong>and</strong>, White, 20/40<br />
•Atlas PRC Premium, 20/40 •SB Prime 20/40<br />
•Atlas PRC Premium, 40/70 •Silica S<strong>and</strong>, 100 mesh,<br />
•Black Plus 40/70<br />
•SinterBlast, 50/120 mesh<br />
•Ceramax E, 20/40<br />
•Super DC, 20/40<br />
•Ceramax P, 20/40<br />
•Super LC, 20/40<br />
•Econoprop, 20/40<br />
•Super TF, 20/40<br />
•Econoprop, 30/50<br />
•Tempered DC, 16/30<br />
•HyperProp G2, 16/30<br />
•Tempered DC, 20/40<br />
•HyperProp G2, 20/40<br />
•Tempered HS, 20/40<br />
•Interprop, 30/50<br />
•Tempered HS, 40/70<br />
•MagnaProp, 20/40<br />
•Tempered LC, 20/40<br />
•PR-6000, 20/40<br />
•Versaprop, 18/40<br />
•Prime Plus 40/70<br />
•XRT Ceramax V, 18/40
Which Pump Schedule is Best?<br />
• Slickwater?<br />
• Hybrid?<br />
• Reverse Hybrid?<br />
• Typical Cotton Valley?
Slickwater Pump Schedule<br />
• If fracture can be initiated, <strong>the</strong>n prop-sweep style<br />
schedule is per<strong>for</strong>med<br />
• Pad/Prop/Sweep <strong>for</strong> 50% of job<br />
• Prop concentrations 0.25 ppg – 1.00 ppg 100 mesh<br />
• Proppant Ramp<br />
• Prop Concentrations 0.25 ppg – 1.5 ppg<br />
• Lower concentrations of proppant <strong>and</strong> smaller<br />
diameter (effective conductivity)<br />
• Higher rates – 60-80 BPM<br />
• More fluid – 12,000 bbls per stage<br />
• More HHP – 24,000 HHP
Hybrid Pump Schedule<br />
• Starting with Slickwater <strong>and</strong> changing to Linear Gel<br />
• Pad/Prop/Sweep <strong>for</strong> 55% of job<br />
• Prop concentrations 0.25 ppg – 1.00 ppg 100 mesh<br />
• Linear Gel Proppant Ramp <strong>for</strong> 45% of job<br />
• Prop Concentrations 0.25 ppg – 1.5 ppg<br />
• Lower concentrations of proppant <strong>and</strong> smaller<br />
diameter (effective conductivity)<br />
• Higher rates – 60-80 BPM<br />
• More fluid – 12,500 bbls per stage<br />
• More HHP – 24,000 HHP<br />
• Fracture Initiation can be a limitation<br />
• High concentration of proppant in less fluid, but not<br />
significantly
Reverse Hybrid<br />
• Initiate fracture with crosslinked fluid<br />
• 30% of job Volume<br />
• Low volume stages of small mesh high strength ceramic proppant<br />
• Maintain geometry with Slickwater<br />
• 40% of Job Volume<br />
• Pad/Prop/Sweep stages<br />
• High volume of water<br />
• High injection rate<br />
• Place proppant with Linear gel<br />
• 30% of Job Volume<br />
• Proppant ramp 1.5 – 2.0 ppg 40/70 mesh proppant<br />
• Proppant ramp 2.0 – 4.0 ppg 20/40 mesh proppant<br />
• Fracture initiation much less of a problem<br />
• Prop concentrations tend to be higher than Hybrid designs<br />
• Wellbore conductivity increased<br />
• Fluid volume less due to <strong>the</strong> crosslinked pad<br />
• Fluid requirements as low as 8,000 bbls per stage<br />
• High injection rates can be achieved
Typical Cotton Valley(Crosslink)<br />
• Fracture Initiation less of a problem due to<br />
crosslinked fluid throughout job<br />
• Highest propped concentrations achieved<br />
• Proppant stages ramped or stairstepped up to 5 ppg<br />
• Mesh size ramped up from 30/50 or 40/70 <strong>for</strong> 60-65% of<br />
schedule<br />
• Tail in with 20/40 proppant<br />
• Fluid volume requirement is diminished due to <strong>the</strong><br />
crosslink fluid efficiency<br />
• Fluid volumes as low as 6,000 bbls<br />
• High injection rates can be achieved
Additional <strong>Considerations</strong><br />
• First 1 – 4 stages are very hard to initiate<br />
fracture<br />
• Frac Gradient is > 1.0<br />
• Small diameter tubulars<br />
• Higher friction – less effective HHP at <strong>for</strong>mation<br />
• Proppant settling
Look to <strong>the</strong> Future<br />
• Haynesville Shale design still in infancy<br />
• Long term production results have no<br />
baseline <strong>for</strong> design results<br />
• Core analysis will help unravel mystery<br />
• Microseismic will help define fracture shape<br />
<strong>and</strong> effectiveness<br />
• BJ Services Shale Team building extensive<br />
database exclusively <strong>for</strong> Haynesville
Environmental Pressures<br />
• Assume 500 new wells per year<br />
• Frac fluid requirements<br />
• 3,000,000 – 7,500,000 bbls of water<br />
• Methods <strong>for</strong> limiting water exposure?<br />
• Proppant Requirements<br />
• 1.5 billion pounds of Proppant<br />
• Supply lines <strong>for</strong> products <strong>and</strong> chemicals<br />
• Capacity to process increased production
Questions?
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