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BALANCING DEFENCE TRAINING AND OPERATIONAL NEEDS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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So far the challenge has been met. Defence has delivered significant positive outcomes
for environmental conservation in a number of areas. However, Defence needs to
continually monitor and evaluate all activities that may be constrained or prevented
by changes to Commonwealth legislation and international treaties, or in response to
public pressure. Defence must also keep its young men and women safe. It does so by
preparing them to the highest possible standards for the unfortunate possibility that
one day they may find themselves in harm’s way.
For marine environmental management, the challenge for Defence is to successfully
balance sound environmental stewardship of the oceans with this overriding and critical
requirement to train our people to provide for Australia’s national security.
Notes
1
N.J. Wark and F.J. Verrier, ‘Australian Defence Organisation Environmental Management
Initiatives — Shoalwater Bay Training Area’, Federal Facilities Environmental Journal, Spring
2002, pp. 53–63.
2
URS Australia, Environmental Management Plan for Australian Maritime Exercise Areas, April
2004, Vol. 2, Appendix P.
3
D.H. Cato, ‘Ambient Sea Noise in Waters Near Australia’, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 60, 1976,
pp. 320–323.
4
H.M. Dotinga and A.G.O. Elferink, ‘Acoustic Pollution in the Oceans: the Search for Legal
Standards’, Oceans Development and International Law, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2000, pp. 151–182.
5
D.H. Cato, ‘The Biological Contribution to the Ambient Noise in Waters Near Australia’,
Acoustics Australia, Vol. 20, 1992, pp. 76–80. W.J. Richardson, C.R. Greene, C.I. Malm and D.H.
Thompson, Marine Mammals and Noise, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, p. 576. D.H. Cato,
‘Low Frequency Component of Wind Dependent Noise’, Paper presented at and incorporated
into proceedings of US Office of Naval Research Noise Focus Workshop, Keystone, Colorado,
August 1998. M.P. Simmons and S. Dolman, ‘A Note on the Vulnerability of Cetaceans to
Acoustic Disturbance’, Paper submitted to the Scientific Committee of the International
Waling Commission, IWC 51/E15, pp. 1–4. E.C.M. Parsons, I. Birks, P.G.H. Evans, J.G. Gordon,
J.H. Shrimpton and S. Pooley, ‘Possible Impacts of Military Activity on Cetaceans in West
Scotland’, European Research on Cetaceans, Vol. 13, 2000, pp. 128–133.