Rockets Educators' Guide pdf - ER - NASA

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Mars and Beyond The Constellation program will support <strong>NASA</strong>’s exploration programs for decades to come. The first flights of Ares I will take place around 2015, and the first return missions to the Moon will take place after 2020. Later, missions to the planet Mars will be mounted. The Ares V will make several flights to bring components of the Martian spacecraft up to orbit for assembly. The Mars crew will ride an Orion capsule to rendezvous with the completed spacecraft. Upon return from Mars two years later, an Orion capsule will be waiting in orbit to carry the crew back to Earth. 18
How <strong>Rockets</strong> Work Whether flying a small model rocket or launching a giant space shuttle into space, the principles of how rockets work are exactly the same. Understanding and applying these principles means mission success. In the early days of rocketry, the flight of a fire arrow or other rocket device was largely a matter of chance. It might fly; it might skitter about, shooting sparks and smoke; or it might explode. Through centuries of trial and error, rockets became more reliable. However, real advancements in rocketry depended upon a scientific and mathematical understanding of motion. That came in the seventeenth century with the works of scientists such as Galileo and Isaac Newton. Galileo conducted a wide range of experiments involving motion. Through studies of inclined planes, Galileo concluded that moving objects did not need the continuous application of force (in the absence of friction and drag) to keep moving. Galileo discovered the principle of inertia, that all matter, because of its mass, resists changes in motion. The more mass, the more resistance. Isaac Newton, born the year Galileo died, advanced Galileo’s discoveries and those of others by proposing three basic laws of motion. These laws are the foundation of all rocket science. Understand the laws and you know just about everything you need to build successful rockets. Apply the laws and you become a “rocket scientist.” Newton’s Laws of Motion In his master work entitled Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica (usually referred to as Principia), Isaac Newton stated his laws of motion. For the most part, the laws were known intuitively by rocketeers, but their statement in clear form elevated rocketry to a science. Practical application of Newton’s laws makes the difference between failure and success. The laws relate force and direction to all forms of motion. 19
Page 1 and 2: National Aeronautics and Space Admi
Page 3 and 4: National Aeronautics and Space Admi
Page 5 and 6: Dear Educators: NASA has embarked o
Page 7 and 8: A Pictorial History of Rockets The
Page 9 and 10: Wan Hu, Sixteenth Century According
Page 11 and 12: Robert H. Goddard, 1882 to 1945 Ame
Page 13 and 14: X-15 Between 1959 and 1968, the X-1
Page 15 and 16: “One Small Step...” At 10:56 p.
Page 17 and 18: The Space Shuttle and International
Page 19 and 20: What Comes Next An entire generatio
Page 21 and 22: .On top of the second stage will be
Page 23: The EDS propels Orion and the Altai
Page 27 and 28: Balanced Force Unbalanced Force the
Page 29 and 30: A Taste of Real Rocket Science Natu
Page 31 and 32: Four-stage, solid propellant Scout
Page 33 and 34: module and the ascent stage of the
Page 35 and 36: propellant accounts for 91% of its
Page 37 and 38: National Curriculum Standards The r
Page 39 and 40: Suggested Grade Levels The matrix b
Page 41 and 42: Tip Ask students to bring undented
Page 43 and 44: Assessment • Ask teams to state t
Page 45 and 46: Pop Can Hero Engine Design and buil
Page 47 and 48: endezvousing with the International
Page 49 and 50: Procedure Second Activity 1. Give s
Page 51 and 52: Fold 1 Fold 1 Fold 1 Fold 1 Fold 2
Page 53 and 54: Explain how the straw is used for g
Page 55 and 56: Assessment • Have each team descr
Page 57 and 58: Rocket Activity Newton Car Objectiv
Page 59 and 60: Procedure The Experiment 1. Provide
Page 61 and 62: Test 1 Newton Car Experiment Report
Page 63 and 64: for trimming. It is much easier to
Page 65 and 66: How to Build a Rocket Racer 1. Lay
Page 67 and 68: Name: __________________ TOP VIEW R
Page 69 and 70: Pop! Rocket Activity Pop! Rocket La
Page 71 and 72: the launch tube in the desired dire
Page 73 and 74: The basic pattern is found on page
Page 75 and 76:
6. Fold the triangles inward to for
Page 77 and 78:
One-Piece Pop! Rocket Cut on solid
Page 79 and 80:
page for details. Before conducting
Page 81 and 82:
90 Cut slots the same width as the
Page 83 and 84:
Cut four slits 8 cm long. 1 Build a
Page 85 and 86:
Rocket Range Experiment Team Member
Page 87 and 88:
tracker and consistent in measuring
Page 89 and 90:
Water Level Marking Diagram 50 60 7
Page 91 and 92:
Altitude Tracking Data Sheet Tracke
Page 93 and 94:
High-Power Air Rocket Launcher Asse
Page 95 and 96:
emoving cemented pieces will damage
Page 97 and 98:
Rocket Activity High-Power Paper Ro
Page 99 and 100:
Assessment • Review student missi
Page 101 and 102:
Air Rocket Mission Report Test Flig
Page 103 and 104:
Rocket Activity Rocket Wind Tunnel
Page 105 and 106:
Constructing the Wind Tunnel: 1. Us
Page 107 and 108:
Wind Tunnel Data Sheet Name: ______
Page 109 and 110:
Rocket Activity Advanced High- Powe
Page 111 and 112:
the fold line as the leading or upp
Page 113 and 114:
Rocket Scientist Names: Mission Pro
Page 115 and 116:
Rocket Activity Water Rocket Launch
Page 117 and 118:
of each plate serve as fulcrums. Th
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1 - Wooden Base (Circle 16” diame
Page 121 and 122:
Management Begin collecting 2-liter
Page 123 and 124:
9. When the rockets have been compl
Page 125 and 126:
They will then have to test the roc
Page 127 and 128:
Request for Proposal The United Spa
Page 129 and 130:
Project X-51 Checklist Project Grad
Page 131 and 132:
State of: Certificate of Assumed Na
Page 133 and 134:
Company Name: Project X-51 Purchase
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Keep this stub for your records Che
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Rocket Measurements for Scale Drawi
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Rocket Stability Determination (Swi
Page 141 and 142:
Project X-51 Company Name: Pre-Laun
Page 143 and 144:
Project X-51 Score Sheet Total Scor
Page 145 and 146:
Print this page on the back of the
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How High? Using Mathematics to Esti
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A rough estimate of rocket altitude
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However improbable and dopey some o
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Students should first decide where
Page 155 and 156:
NASA Resources The National Aeronau
Page 157 and 158:
ROCKETS Educator’s Guide with Act
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