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Panel Data - Memorial University of Newfoundland

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All behavioral differences between individual firms and over time are<br />

captured by the intercept. Individual intercepts are included to<br />

“control” for these firm specific differences.<br />

y =β +β x +β x + e<br />

it 1i 2 2it 3 3it it<br />

(15.11)<br />

Principles <strong>of</strong> Econometrics, 3rd Edition<br />

Slide 15-24

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