Recent Research Projects - University of Michigan - Dearborn ...

Recent Research Projects
Vivek D. Bhise
Professor, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing
Systems Engineering
University of Michigan-Dearborn
August 16, 2006
1

About this presentation
Objective of this presentation is to
illustrate some of the recent research
projects in Vehicle Ergonomics
More details on many of the projects are
available in papers presented at various
meetings (see reference information in
“Publications” file).
2

Incorporating Hard Disks in
Vehicles -- Usages and
Challenges
Vivek Bhise
University of Michigan-Dearborn
SAE Paper # 2006-01
01-08140814
3

Audio Design Selected for the
Study
4

Displays for
Menu
Structure
6

Menu
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6
Tree
showing
Aux
HD Audio
Music
Up
Down
Depth
Levels
Playlist
1
Up
Down
Select
2
Up
Down
Select
3
Up
Down
Select
4
Up
Down
Select
5
Up
Down
Select
7

Menu
Tree
Cell Phone
Phone Book
Up
showing
Depth
Down
Select
Add Contact
Edit
Next
Del Contact
Levels
Store Number
Call Log
Dialled
Call
Call Time
Delete
8

Ergonomic Study of Asian, European, and North
American Motorcycles – Commonality and Differences
between Cruiser, Sport, and Touring Categories
Allen Hale
Derek Pelowski
Capstone Project in Automotive Systems Engineering
Project Advisor: Prof Vivek Bhise
April 13, 2006
9

Measurement Technique
Measurement worksheet created to record various feature sizes and locations
• Foot controls
• Hand controls
• Multifunction Switch
• IP
• Mirrors
10

Rider Postures in Cruiser, Touring
and Sport Motorcycles
11

Measurement Data – Touring Rider
Posture
Rider Posture Comparison for Touring Bikes
140
120
BMW R1200RT
Ducati ST4S
Harley-Davidson Electraglide
Yamaha FJR 1300
Hand Grip
100
Seat
Y-Dimension (cm)
80
60
40
Foot Rest
20
0
Ground
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
X-Dimension (cm)
12

Plot of Years of Experience versus
Miles Ridden Per Year by Survey
50
Participants
40
Experience
30
20
10
0
0
5000
10000
15000
Miles/yr
20000
25000
30000
13

“Strength up the Middle”
Sponsored by:
Sanyo Automotive U.S.A., Inc.
and
Key Plastics L.L.C.
14

Objectives
Create designs to upgrade in-vehicle
features with new technology after-market
devices
Infuse importance of multi-disciplinary
team work of industrial design,
engineering and marketing students with
industry personnel and faculty
Work as a “company” in competitive
environment
15

Focus Group & Market
Research
16

Building a Foam-core Mock-up
17

Building Full-size Mock-up
18

Four Designs Created by Four
Teams
19

Reconfigurable Center Stack
20

Select a Pod – Design C
21

Design D
22

Effects of Simulated Internet
Tasks on Driver Performance
Capstone Project in Automotive Systems Engineering by:
Yogesh Ambeti
Faculty Advisor: Vivek Bhise
23

Objectives
To determine distracting effects of internet
use while driving.
24

Simulator Setup
25

Roadway (Open Road)
26

Roadway (Car Following in Fog)
27

Menu Design (Weather)
28

Menu Design (News)
29

Tasks
1. What is Today’s Weather forecast?
2. What is tomorrow’s weather forecast?
3. What is the weather forecast for the weekend?
4. What is the current NASDAQ average and current Ford Stock
Quote?
5. What is the current DOW average and current GM Stock Quote?
6. What is the current S&P average and current Toyota Stock Quote?
7. What is the top 2 Headline News?
8. Read Headline News 3 and 4.
9. Read Headline News 5 and 6.
10. What is the top 2 Sports News?
11. Read Sports News 3 and 4.
12. Read Sports News 5 and 6.
13. When is the first flight from Detroit to Boston and its arrival time?
14. When is the third flight from Chicago to Miami and its arrival time? t
15. When is the last flight from LA to Las Vegas and its arrival time?
30

Results of ANOVA
Time Period
in Performing
Internet Task
First 5-sec
Interval
Second 5-sec
Interval
Second 5-sec
Interval
Driver Road Condition Task Condition Task Type
Response Variable
1. Open Road 1. Laptop with 1. Weather Information
20 Subjects 2. Car Following Touchpad 2. Stock Information
3. Car Following 2. Laptop with 3. Headline News
with Fog Voice Activation 4. Airline Flight Information
Mean Velocity 0.001 0.121 0.014 0.194
Standard Deviation of Velocity 0.001 0.187 0.92 0.618
Mean Lane Position 0.001 0.044 0.47 0.088
Standard Deviation of Lane Position 0.001 0.957 0.034 0.995
Mean Velocity 0.001 0.283 0.001 0.39
Standard Deviation of Velocity 0.001 0.402 0.727 0.402
Mean Lane Position 0.001 0.162 0.022 0.254
Standard Deviation of Lane Position 0.001 0.786 0.005 0.831
Ratio of Standard Deviation of Lane
Position During Task to Before Task
in 2nd Interval
Independent Variable and Its Levels
0.363 0.764 0.18 0.74
Second 5-sec
Interval
Difference in Mean Velocity During
Task and Before Task in 2nd Interval
0.007 0.15 0.013 0.294
= Significance Probability p less than or equal to 0.05
31

Conclusions
On average people slowed down by 3 ft/sec
Lane position standard deviation doubled when
performing these tasks (P

Center Console Design
Competition 2004
CCS/UM-D D Joint Project
Sponsored by: Collins & Aikman and
Sanyo Automotive U.S.A., Inc.
Papers presented in 2006 at the SAE International Congress and the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.
33

OBJECTIVES
To develop design concepts for center
consoles for future automotive products
‣ Model Year 2008-2010
2010
‣ Mid-Size 4-Door 4
Passenger Cars
34

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Develop two versions
“With Current Parking Brake and Shifter”
“Futuristic”
Based on customer needs and satisfaction
Must have engineering feasibility
Need 2-D 2 D drawings, 3-D 3 D functional mock-
ups, exploded views (with manufacturing
and assembly considerations)
35

J.D. POWER SURVEY
Data on over 250 late model vehicles
Customer verbatims -- likes and dislikes --
about interior items
Photographs of vehicle interiors
Summaries on:
‣Possible methods of implementation
‣Possible locations for item
‣J.D. Power customer comments
‣Recommendations
36

Survey of Currently Stored Items in
Survey Data
Vehicles
Total of 150 Cars Inspected
-- 50 at C&A’s Parking lot
-- 50 at UMD’s Parking lot
-- 50 at CCS’s Parking lot
Recorded items and their
locations
in the vehicle interior
37

Make _____________ 2D Sedan SUV
Model ____________ 4D Pickup VAN
MINIVAN
Survey Form
C = Cup
K = Key
CC = Card
P = Papers
CN = Can
J = Jacket
CD = CDs
S = Sunglasses
PH = Cell phone
CO = Coins
B = Ball
G = Gum
T = Tape
LT = Laptop
SC = Suitcase
PN = Pen
CI = Cigarettes
L = Lighter
To= Toy
38

Objects per Location
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
39

Frequency of Items Found in the Vehicles
Sum of Different Objects Part 1
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Bag
Ball
Baseball Gloves
Binder
Blanket
Book
Bottle
Box
Box of Tooth Picks
Calculator
Camera
Can
Candy
Car Seat
Card
CD
CD Case
Cd Player
Cell Phone
Cigarette Pack
Circuit Board
Clothes
Coins
Cup
Food Basket
Garage Door Opener
Gloves
Golf Ball
Golf Clubs
Gum
Hair Brush
Hat
Headphones
Ice Scraper
ID Tag
Jacket
Sum of Different Objects Part 2
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Key
Lighter
lipstick
Lotion
Map
Mug
40
Nail Polish
Napkins
Newspaper
OFF can
Papers
Parking Tag
Pen
Perfume
Picture
Picture Frame
Pillow
Pills
PVC Cement
Radar
Receipts
School Bag
Shirt
Spray
Stroller
Suitcase
Sun block
Sunglasses
Tape
Tennis Ball
Tennis Shoes
Tissue Box
Towel
Toy
Trash
Umbrella

Customer Selected Items
and
Location Study
41

Interviewer Describes the Study
and the Questionnaire
42

Total Possible Items
43

Experimenter Reviews Subject’s
Completed Questionnaire
44

Collecting
Items
Selected
by a
Subject
45

Subject, Experimenter & Recorder
Sit in the Vehicle
46

Blank Center Stack and Center
Console
47

Subject Locating Items
48

Recording Locations of Items
49

Customer Selected Items and
Location Study
50

Customer Selected Items and
Location Study
51

CENTER CONSOLE SURVEY
RESULTS
Sub 1 Sub 2 Sub 3 Sub 4 Sub 5 Sub 6 Sub 7 Sub 8 Sub 9 Sub 10 Sum
11” screen 0
13” screen 0
5” screen 1 1
Analog Clock 1 1
B usiness C ards 1 1
H eadphones 1 1
Ashtray 1 1 2
Credit Cards 1 1 2
Hard Drive 1 1 2
K eyboard 1 1 2
Microphone Outlet/ AUX Jack 1 1 2
Sm all Storage 1 1 2
7” screen 1 1 1 3
Headphone Outlets (6) 1 1 1 3
Pocket PC/Palm Pilot 1 1 1 3
Large Storage 1 1 1 3
Papers 1 1 1 3
Remote 1 1 1 3
Video In/Out Controls 1 1 1 3
Passenger Airbag Shut off Button 1 1 1 1 4
USB Ports (3) 1 1 1 1 4
Voice C ontrol Button 1 1 1 1 4
120V AC powerpoints (2) 1 1 1 1 1 5
12V DC powerpoints (3) 1 1 1 1 1 5
9” screen 1 1 1 1 1 5
Internet O utlets (2) 1 1 1 1 1 5
Fuel Release 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
M edium Storage 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Sunglasses 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Trash Can 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Hazard Button 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
K leenex 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Map 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Pens 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Seat Controls 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Seat Tilt Control 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Trunk Release 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
CD Cases (3) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Coins 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Digital Clock 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Seat H eaters 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
C ell P h on e 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Garage Door Opener 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
S u m 10 15 21 17 23 26 25 21 17 17 192
52

Screen Location and Size Survey
ROH
LH
RH
LSB
MM
RSB
TSC
RB
REAR VIEW
ROH MM TSC RB RH RSB
5'' Screen
7'' Screen 1
9'' Screen 2 2 5
11'' Screen 3 1 1
13'' Screen 3 2
53

Development of Innovative
Design Concepts for Automotive
Center Consoles
Vivek Bhise and Rhita Boufelliga
University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan
Thomas Roney
College for Creative Studies, Detroit, Michigan
James Dowd and Marc Hayes
Collins & Aikman, Troy,
SAE Paper no. 2006-01-1474
54

Objectives
• To present a unique design approach and
its outputs
• Design concepts for automotive center
consoles for:
• - a near term SUV that can be produced
• in 2-32
3 years
• - a more futuristic SUV, that could be
• produced in 10 or more years.
55

Procedure
The teams (3 designers & 1 engineer) met
once a week; more if necessary
Weekly presentations were required with a
comprehensive display of sketches.
Engineers were responsible for the
‘feasibility’ factor and were involved from
the early stages
A final presentation with life size foam core
models took place in CCS and included
professionals, sponsors as well as
professors
56

Design N-1N
57

Design N-2N
58

Design N-3N
59

Design N-4N
60

Design F-1F
61

Design F-2F
62

Design F-3F
63

Design F-4F
64

Design
N-1
a. b.
c. d. e.
f. g. h.
l.
k.
j. k. l.
i.
Figure 1. Near future model
65

Design
a. b.
F-2
c. d.
e.
Figure 2. Far future model
f.
66

Conclusions
Students were introduced to the real methods of
industry
It was a challenge to ‘future the technologies”
along with practicality and feasibility
Engineers and Designers had to learn to work
together from the early stages of the design and
especially had to develop efficient
communication.
The project was a success with the desired
outcome reached: “innovative designs created in
a very short time period”
67

A PARAMETRIC MODEL
FOR AUTOMOTIVE PACKAGING AND
ERGONOMICS
Vivek Bhise and Anita Pillai
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems
Engineering
University of Michigan- Dearborn
June 28, 2006
Paper presented at Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality Conference, June 2006
68

Objectives
Develop a Parametric Model that can be
used
in early stages of vehicle development
Quick manipulation and analyses of:
• Vehicle Sizing and Styling
• Occupant & Mechanical Packaging
• Ergonomic Considerations
• Body Structures
• Estimation of Key Vehicle Characteristics
69

Flow of Design Process
Vehicle Program
Assumptions
Design / Styling -- CAD
Exterior & Interior
Parameter Desired Mechanical Package Vehicle
Selection Vehicle Parameters - Functional & Equipment Body
People Package
Reference - Ergonomic Requirements
Vehicle(s)
Database of Databases on Vehicle Mechanical Systems
Existing Vehicle Structures and Material Analyses
Parameters
Characteristics
70

Screen Shot of the Envelope
Specification Tab of the Parameter
Selection Module
72

Screen Shot of the Exterior Vehicle
Parameters of the Parameter
Selection Module
73

Screen Shot of the Interior Vehicle
Driver Package Parameters of the
Parameter Selection Module
74

Screen Shot of the User Created
Model Loaded for Ergonomic
Analysis
75