National Report - Cambodia - United Nations Sustainable ...

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Cambodian Government’s Achievements and Future Direction in Sustainable Development Thematic 3.3 Information and Communication Technology Progress Progress on policy and institutional framework In Cambodia, the Ministry of Information (MoInf) is responsible for regulating the media including the press, TV and radio. As of 2011, the Ministry of Information registry has 396 Khmer-language newspapers, 74 radio broadcasters (36 in Phnom Penh) and 10 national broadcaster channels. 2010 figures show that there are 72 FM frequencies and 2 AM frequencies countrywide. The Ministry of Post and Telecommunications (MPTC) is responsible for postal and telecommunications services such as telephones and the internet. By 2010, there were 358,850 fixed telephone lines, and 8,155,652 mobile subscriptions, demonstrating a high ratio of mobile subscriptions to fixed lines (Cambodia Communication Review 2011). After the 1991 Paris Peace Accords, the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) brought in a new era of media growth. Radio UNTAC started to broadcast in 1992 and disseminated radio sets and equipment to the MoInf. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords and the 1993 Cambodian Constitution gave grounds for media and freedom of expression to flourish in the country. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has signed and ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which were incorporated into the constitution and guarantees everyone “the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art of through any other media of his choice.” The freedom of expression includes the right to access information to exercise each person’s right. The Press Law 1995 guarantees the freedom of the press with Article 20 providing that no journalist will be arrested or charged for criminal offences for expressing his/her opinion. The Press Law contains positive provisions which protect press freedom and freedom of publication, confidentiality of sources, and a prohibition on censorship. However, the law only covers print, and excludes broadcast media. The government is currently in the process of drafting the first cyber law in light of the rapid growth of Information and Communication Technologies to regulate the dissemination of false information through mobile and internet communication. As part of the Council of Ministers’ (CoM) Judicial and Legal Reform work-plan, the RGC committed to passing an international-standard Access to Information law by the end of 2006. This task was assigned to the government ministry MONASRI. The RGC agreed on a committee to draft an Access to Information Policy Paper/framework, which was completed in 2007. This Framework has been with the MONASRI since then and has yet to be approved by the Council of Ministers. Within the telecommunications sector, the NSDP’s 2009-2013 goals include: speeding up the adoption of the Law on Telecommunications and associated legal and regulatory framework; building the capacity of the sector; improving and modernizing equipment and technology to ensure effectiveness and a wider coverage of services, and promoting e- government. Within the information dissemination sector, the NSDP’s 2009-2013 goals include: expanding coverage and improving the quality and effectiveness of the national media (TV, radio and newspapers) to provide services to 95 percent of the population across the country; continue construction of new provincial radio and television stations; enforce the Press Law to enhance the rule of law and freedom of the press, of expression and of publications; and develop legal instruments for effective regulation of media businesses, audio and information technology 79 . Currently, there is no broadcast law in the country, and Cambodia’s radios and TV stations broadcast under a number of parkas and instructions of the 79 NSDP Update 2009-2013. 24 National Report for Rio +20
Cambodian Government’s Achievements and Future Direction in Sustainable Development Ministry of Information. In recognition of the need to define clearer boundaries, it is known that a “Law on Public Electronic Broadcasting Service Management” is being drafted, and that the law will cover both cable and satellite broadcasting. The MoInf is working towards establishing Cambodia’s own portal to enhance the internet connection around the country. Internet access is expensive for most Cambodians, because the country currently uses the portal of Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. In an effort to include ICT to the education system, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS) released the Master Plan for Information and Communication Technology in Education (2009 – 2013) to increase access to non-formal and formal education, to develop ICT skills of Cambodian students and to improve school management. However, lack of technological infrastructure and access in schools are seen as main impediments to the implementation of the plan. © UNDP National Report for Rio +20 25
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