World Drug Report 2005 - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

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2003 2001 2003 2003 2000 1999 2003 2003 2002 <strong>World</strong> <strong>Drug</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2005</strong> Volume I. Analysis Cannabis seizures, 1985-2003 8,000,000 6,000,000 kilograms 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 Cannabis resin Cannabis herb Cannabis oil Trend 1.4.3 Abuse Cannabis is far and away the most commonly consumed street drug in the world. An estimated 161 million people used cannabis in 2003, equivalent to 4% of the global population between the ages 15 and 64. According to expert opinions solicited from Member States, far more countries felt that cannabis use was increasing (46% of 101 countries responding) than declining (16%) in 2003. Use among students appears to be on the increase in Europe, though not in the <strong>United</strong> States or Australia. Changes in abuse of cannabis, 2003 (or latest year available) 2003 2000 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2001 2001 2002 2003 2002 1998 2003 2001 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2001 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2001 2003 1998 2003 2000 2003 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 1999 2003 2003 2001 2003 2002 1997 2003 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2001 2001 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2001 2001 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2000 1999 2001 Large increase Some increase Stable 2003 2002 2003 2002 2002 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 Some decline Strong decline Not available 2001 2003 14
Executive Summary 1.5 Amphetamine-type Stimulants Market 1.5.1 Production Global ATS production is currently above 400 mt, three quarters of which is either methamphetamine or amphetamine and one quarter of which is ‘ecstasy’. Production of amphetamines is concentrated in Europe; methamphetamine in China, Myanmar, the Philippines, and North America; and ecstasy in the Netherlands and Belgium. 1.5.2 Trafficking After some years of decline, ATS seizures increased in 2003, with the largest volumes seized in Thailand (20% of the total), followed by China (18%), the <strong>United</strong> States (14%), the Philippines (10%), and the UK, the Netherlands and Australia (6% each). Methamphetamine seizures increased by 40% in 2003 though they are still 40% less than the peak year of 2000. The largest seizures of methamphetamine in 2003 were reported by Thailand (6.5 mt), China (5.8 mt), the <strong>United</strong> States (3.9 mt) and the Philippines (3.1 mt). Global amphetamine seizures (5.4 mt) are back to the levels reported in 1997/98, having increased by 22% in 2003. Amphetamine seizures continue to be concentrated in Europe (>90%), notably in West and Central Europe (79%). Ecstasy seizures in kilogram equivalents amounted to 4.3 mt, 37% less than in the peak year of 2002, and were made mainly in West and Central Europe (54%) and Oceania (26%). Seizures of amphetamine-type stimulants 1980-2003 50,000 kilogram equivalents* 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 MDMA (Ecstasy), MDA, MDME and other hallucinogens excl. LSD Methamphetamine, amphetamine, methcathinone and other synth. Stimulants * Seizures reported in kilograms and in units; a unit ('pill') of ecstasy was assumed to contain on average 100 mg of MDMA; a 'unit' of amphetamine / methamphetamine was assumed to contain 30 mg of amphetamine / methamphetamine. 1.5.3 Abuse An estimated 26 million people used methamphetamine, amphetamine, or related substances in 2003, while about 7.9 million people used ecstasy. After the opiates, ATS are the main problem drugs in Asia, and in some countries they have overtaken heroin in terms of their contribution to treatment demand. Almost two thirds of the world’s amphetamine and methamphetamine users reside in Asia, most of whom are methamphetamine users in East and South-East Asia. Prevalence of ecstasy use is highest in the Oceania region (3.1%), followed by West and Central Europe (0.9%) and North America (0.8%). 15
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Page 5 and 6: Contents Volume I. Analysis Preface
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Vienna International Centre, PO Box
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