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Global Illicit Drug Trends <strong>2003</strong> Chapter 1. Trends: Trafficking – ATS 1.2.5. Trafficking in amphetamine-type stimulants Overview Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) seizures reflecting increases in production, trafficking and consumption, showed a marked upward trend in the 1990s, notably in the second half of the decade, peaking in the year 2000. In 2001, however, ATS seizures declined, mainly due to a fall of methamphetamine seizures in China. In recent years China reported the largest ATS seizures, though in 2001 they were less than those reported from Thailand. kilogram equivalents 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 Seizures of amphetamine-type stimulants 1980-2001 The revised Annual Reports Questionnaire (ARQ) enables better distinctions to be made between the various ATS. At the <strong>global</strong> level, more than 70% of all ATS seizures were methamphetamine and more than 10% were ecstasy seizures over the 2000/2001 period. Most of the rest were amphetamine (between 9 and 16%; no precise proportion can be given since not all countries detail the type of ATS which they seized). Breakdown of ATS seizures in 2000 and 2001 (N = 39 tons p.a.) 'other hallucinogens' 1% Ecstasy group (MDA, MDEA, MDMA) 12% Amphetamine 9% unspecified ATS 7% Methamphetamine 72% 10,000 5,000 - 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 MDMA ('Ecstasy'), MDA, MDME and other hallucinogens excluding LSD Methamphetamine, amphetamine, methcathinone and other synthetic stimulants Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data. In recent years ATS seizures increased much more rapidly than heroin or cocaine seizures. Using average seizures over the 1989-1991 period as a basis for comparison, ATS seizures rose nine fold till the year 2000. Though they declined in 2001, they were still higher than in 1998 and some six times larger than over the 1989-1991 period. Changes in ATS, cocaine and heroin seizures (Index: 1989-1991 = 100) 1,000 Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data. Overall seizures of ATS have shown a clear concentration in East and South-East Asia in recent years, including 2000 and 2001. Other regions of importance are North America and West Europe. Seizures of ATS in East and South- East Asia accounted for 66% of all such seizures over the 2000-2001 period, up from 32% over the 1990-1991 period. Most of the increase in the East and South-East Asia took place in the late 1990s. Seizures of ATS in North America and West Europe accounted together for about 30% of all such seizures over the 2000-2001 period and were of approximately equal size. Other parts of the world accounted for just 4% of <strong>global</strong> ATS seizures. Index: average 1989-1991 = 100 Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data. 82 800 600 400 200 - 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 ATS Cocaine Heroin
Global Illicit Drug Trends <strong>2003</strong> Chapter 1. Trends: Trafficking – ATS 50,000 Geographical distribution of seizures of amphetamine-type stimulants (1980-2001) 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 - 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 kilograms 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 East and South-East Asia W estern Europe North America Oceania Other Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data Oceania 2% ATS seizures 1990/91 (N = 4.2 tons p.a.) Other 23% North America 21% East and South-East Asia 32% Western Europe 22% Oceania 2% ATS seizures 2000/2001 (N = 38.6 tons p.a.) Other 2% North America 14% Western Europe 16% East and South-East Asia 66% Source: UNDODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data. Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data and US Drug Enforcement Administration, Federalwide Drug Seizure System. Methamphetamine Methamphetamine seizures are mainly concentrated in East and South-East Asia, as well as in North America. Over the 2000-2001 period, about 86% of all seizures took place in the East and South-East Asia region and 14% in North America (these proportions take the ‘federal-wide <strong>drug</strong> seizures’ of methamphetamine, for both 2000 and 2001,into account) a . Seizures of methamphetamine 2000/2001 (29 tons p.a.*) Other 0.2% North America* 14% East and South-East Asia 86% * corrected US data based on the Federal-w ide Drug Seizure System Source: UNDODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data. a In the official reply to the UNODC ARQ, in contrast, the US authorities reported all ATS seizures for the year 2000 as a lump-sum. 83
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GLOBAL ILLICIT DRUG TRENDS
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OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna G
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PREFACE At the twentieth special se
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Global Illicit Drug Trends
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2000 1998 Global Illicit Drug Trend
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SEIZURES 1996 - 2001 Region/country
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Region/country or territory SEIZURE
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Region / country or territory Range
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF OPIU
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF HERO
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF COCA
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RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE P
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF HERB
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF CANN
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RETAIL PRICE (*) WHOLESALE PRICE (*
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RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE P
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF L.S.
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WHOLESALE AND STREET PRICES OF ECST
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OPIATES Annual prevalence of abuse
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COCAINE Annual prevalence of abuse
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CANNABIS Annual prevalence of abuse
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CANNABIS Annual prevalence of abuse
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EUROPE Eastern and Central Europe A
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ECSTASY Annual prevalence of abuse
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ECSTASY Annual prevalence of abuse
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