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METRICS vaccines Playing Defense Vaccines are no longer the boondocks of the pharmaceutical world. Global sales were up 38 percent in 2007 to $16.3 billion, thanks in part to the introduction of Merck’s Gardasil for cervical cancer, according to research group Kalorama Information. Kalorama forecasts vaccine sales could grow at a compound annual rate of 13.1 percent to $36 billion in 2013, outstripping the growth rate of pharmaceuticals overall. Growth of vaccines will be fueled by new product introductions and rising usage in all regions, says Kalorama. Immunization now averts more than 2.5 million deaths every year in all age groups from diptheria, tentanus, pertussis (whooping cough), and measles, says the World Health Organization, citing 2006 figures. But an equal number of deaths—many in Africa and South East Asia—result because of continuing lack of coverage from diseases preventable by vaccines, the WHO says. That said, there have been considerable increases in coverage, even in a relatively short period. Global coverage of infants with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, for example, rose to 60 percent in 2006, from 3 percent in 1992. The Western Pacific region leads the world in vaccine coverage at 92 percent, followed by the Americas and Europe, with 90 percent immunization coverage. Within the United States, flu immunization coverage in 2006 doubled to 69 percent of people 75 and older from 34.2 percent in 1989. As for the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to cervical cancer, some 25.1 percent of adolescent women received the HPV4 vaccine against four strains of the virus in 2007, the first year that the Centers for Disease Control began tracking its use. —Eric Wahlgren Share of World Vaccine Market Merck leads 2007’s $16.3-billion market, thanks in part to sales of Gardasil for the HPV virus. $0.9438 B $0.3928 B . B . B MERCK SANOFI PASTEUR GLAXOSMITHKLINE WYETH NOVARTIS OTHERS S o u r c e : K a l o r a m a I n f o r m at i o n . B . B World Vaccine Market Sales, which hit $16.3 billion in 2007, are seen growing at a compound annual rate of 13.1 percent through 2013. REVENUE BILLIONS $40 $35 $30 $25 $36.0 $20 $15 $10 $5 $11.7 $16.3 $0 2006 2007 2008* 2009* 2010* 2011* 2012* 2013* Source: Kalorama Information, *projected 22 The Journal of Life Sciences november/december 2008
Global Coverage Dek: Percent of the world’s children covered by vaccines has increased dramatically for certain immunizations. U.S. Coverage Percent of the U.S. children 19-35 months covered by vaccines has increased for every disease type between 1995 and 2006. PERCENT OF THE WORLDS CHILDREN COVERED BY VACCINES 20% 79% DIPTHERIA TETANUS PERTUSSIS 22% 80% 80% 16% 3% 60% 22% POLIO MEASLES HEPATITIS B HAEMOPHILUS INFUENZAE TYPE B PERCENT OF THE U.S. CHILDREN MONTHS COVERED BY VACCINES 78% 93% 85% 88% DIPTHERIA TETANUS PERTUSSIS 90% 92% 68% 93% 91% 93% POLIO MEASLES HEPATITIS B HAEMOPHILUS INFUENZAE TYPE B S o u r c e : W o r l d H e a lt h O r g a n i z at i o n , U n i c e f, H e pat i t i s f i g u r e s b e g i n with year 1992 and refer to coverage of infants with three doses of t h e va c c i n e , m e a s l e s r e f e r s t o c o v e r a g e o f c h i l d r e n w i t h o n e d o s e b y t h e i r s e c o n d b i r t h d ay, p o l i o r e f e r s t o i n fa n t s w i t h t h r e e d o s e s o f t h e va c c i n e , a n d D P T c o v e r a g e i s f o r c h i l d r e n . T h e r e a r e n o 1 9 8 0 f i g u r e s for Hib vaccine. Source: Centers for Disease Control, DPT is for 4 doses or more, polio is three doses or more as are Hib and Hepatitis B. Cervical Cancer Vaccine In 2007, some 25.1 percent of adolescent girls received the new HPV4 vaccine against four strains of human papillomavirus. Influenza Vaccine Coverage Flu immunizations among U.S. adults 18 and over has increased dramatically in the last 17 years. AGE 25.8% AGE 3.4% 15.4% 22.8% 10.6% 33.2% 27.4% 28.0% 24.4% 60.1% 34.2% 25.0% 69.0% Source: Centers for Disease Control Source: Centers for Disease Control 2 3 The Journal of Life Sciences november/december 2008
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