Steel Free Hybrid Reinforcement System for Concrete Bridge Decks ...

LIST OF NOTATIONS
a
distance from the support to the point load applied, in.
A effective tension area per bar, in. 2
A CFRP
A GFRP
area of CFRP reinforcement
area of GFRP reinforcement
A f area of rebars, in. 2
A split concrete splitting area, in. 2
b e
C
C E
d
d b
d c
d CFRP
d GFRP
E c
E CFRP
E GFRP
E f
E t
E e
E 0.75Pu
F
f '
c
f ct
f CFRP
f GFRP
effective beam width, in.
cover depth, in.
environmental reduction factor
distance from the extreme compression fiber to centroid of the tension
reinforcement
diameter of rebar, in.
thickness of concrete cover measured from extreme tension fiber to the center
of the closest layer of longitudinal bars
effective depth of CFRP reinforcement
effective depth of GFRP reinforcement
modulus of elasticity of concrete, psi
elastic modulus of CFRP reinforcement
elastic modulus of GFRP reinforcement
modulus of elasticity of FRP rebar, psi
total energy of the system, kips-in.
elastic energy, kips-in.
energy corresponding at 75% of the ultimate load, kips-in.
friction force on deformation with unit area, psi
concrete compressive strength, psi
concrete splitting tensile strength, ksi
elastic stress in the CFRP reinforcement
elastic stress in the GFRP reinforcement
f CFRP
allowable stress in the CFRP reinforcement for working stress design
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