Peeling back the Pavement - POLIS Water Sustainability Project

25. Podolsky, L. (2005); see also U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008, December). Managing
Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure Municipal Handbook: Green Infrastructure Retrofit Policies.
Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_retrofits.pdf
26. See U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Green Infrastructure Pennsylvania: Philadelphia. Retrieved
from http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure/gicasestudies_specific.cfm?case_id=62
27. See Duhigg, C. (2009, November 22). As Sewers Fill, Waste Poisons Waterways. The New York Times.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/23/us/23sewer.html?pagewanted=all
28. City of Toronto. (2011). Wet Weather Flow Master Plan (WWFMP). Retrieved from http://www.
toronto.ca/water/protecting_quality/wwfmmp/index.htm
29. Mirza, S. (2007)
30. See Florida Stormwater Association. (2003). Establishing a Stormwater Utility in Florida. Retrieved
from www.florida-stormwater.org/content.asp?pl=8&contentid=33
31. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008).
32. Cited in Design Centre for Sustainability at UBC, & Brandes, O. M. (2006, April). Smart Growth on the
Ground Foundation Research Bulletin: Greater Oliver. Vancouver, Canada: Design Centre for Sustainability
at the University of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://poliswaterproject.org/sites/default/
files/_OlFRB_WaterConservation.pdf
33. Farahbakhsh, K., Despins, C., & Leidl, C. (2009). Developing Capacity for Large-Scale Rainwater Harvesting
in Canada. Water Quality Resource Journal of Canada, 44, 92-102; xeriscaping is environmental
design, landscaping, and use of native plants to minimize the need for water use.
34. Waffle, C., Barrett-Wood, Z., Maas, C., & Alfred, E.J. (2009, November). Rainwater Harvesting: An
Untapped Opportunity for Ontario. Paper presented at New Directions ’09 in Stormwater Management.
Symposium conducted at meeting of Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program in Ontario.
35. RiverSides. Rainwater Harvesting in Toronto: Potential Energy Conservation & Greenhouse Gas Emission
Reductions–An Analysis of Benefits & Implementation Barriers. Prepared for the Toronto Atmospheric
Fund. Revised June 2010. Retrieved from www.riversides.org/websitefiles/RwH_Essay_for_HTO.
pdf; see also Maas, C. (2009). Greenhouse Gas and Energy Co-Benefits of Water Conservation. Victoria,
Canada: POLIS Project on Ecological Governance at the University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://
poliswaterproject.org/publication/91; see also Waffle, et al. (2009).
36. Coombes, P. J., Kuczera, G., Kalma, J. D., & Argue, J. (2002). An evaluation of the benefits of source
control measures at the regional scale. Urban Water, 4(4), 307. Retrieved from http://www.urbanwater.
net; Coombes, P. J., & Kuczera, G. (2003, November). Analysis of the Performance of Rainwater Tanks
in Australian Capital Cities. Paper presented at the 28th International Hydrology and Water Resources
Symposium. Symposium conducted at meeting of the Institution of Engineers, Australia in Wollongong,
NSW. Retrieved from www.enviro-friendly.com/water-tank-performance.pdf
37. Royal Society of Chemistry. (2007). Sustainable Water: Chemical Science Priorities Summary Report.
Retrieved from www.rsc.org/images/waterreport_tcm18-108403.pdf
38. Cited in BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection (2002, May). Stormwater Planning: A Guidebook
for British Columbia. Retrieved from www.env.gov.bc.ca/epd/epdpa/mpp/stormwater/guidebook/pdfs/
stormwater.pdf; see also Forasté J. A., & Hirschman, D. (2010, April). A Methodology for Using Rainwater
Harvesting as a Stormwater Management BMP. In Low Impact Development 2010: Redefining Water in the
City–Proceedings of the 2010 International Low Impact Development Conference (pp. 31-44). Retrieved
from http://ascelibrary.org/proceedings/resource/2/ascecp/367/41099/4_1?isAuthorized=no
39. Farahbakhsh et al. (2009). A study in British Columbia showed that RWH systems with more than
100 cubic metres of storage capacity per hectare of rooftop, for densities of 175 to 350 dwelling units
per hectare, that provided water for toilets and washing machines reduced the total volume of runoff
from residential lots by almost 90 per cent when used with the Water Balance Model—BC Ministry of
Water, Land and Air Protection (2002).
40. Waffle, et al. (2009).
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