Piping Plover - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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clarification of the listing would require revision of CFR 17.11, it is important in the meantime that recovery planning and implementation continue to respect the biological integrity of each entity. Subsequent sections of this status review evaluate progress towards recovery criteria for Atlantic Coast, Northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes piping plovers provided in their respective recovery plans. New information about biology, habitat, and threats is also assessed for each population. For purposes of conciseness, new information regarding biology, habitat, and threats in their migration and wintering ranges is presented in a single section, but the Synthesis section for each population (i.e., sections GL 2.3.4, NGP 2.4.4, and AC 2.5.4) evaluates the implications of factors affecting the migration/wintering portion of the annual cycle within the context of the overall status of each population. 2.1.5 Section references American Ornithologists’ Union [AOU]. 1957. Checklist of North American birds. 5th edition. Baltimore, Maryland. 691 pp. AOU. 1983. Checklist of North American birds. 6 th edition. Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp. Amirault, D.L., F. Shaffer, and J. Stewart. 2006a. Eastern Canada piping plover banding summary. Technical Report Series No. 458. Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Atlantic Region, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. Bull, J. 1974. Birds of New York State. Doubleday/Natural History Press. Garden City, New York. Cohen, J.B., J.D. Fraser, and D.H. Catlin. 2006. Survival and site fidelity of piping plovers on Long Island, New York. Journal of Field Ornithology 77:409-417. Cohen, J. 2009. Feasibility and utility of survival modeling for detecting differences in piping plover survival across their breeding and wintering range. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sudbury, Massachusetts. 10 pp. COSEWIC. 2001. Canadian Species at Risk, May 2001. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife Species in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Cross, R.R. 1988. Report of piping plover research activities on Metompkin Island. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. 23 pp. Cross, R.R. 1996. Breeding ecology, success, and population management of the piping plover at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary, Virginia. Department of Justice Canada. 2002. Annual statutes of Canada 2002, Chapter 29. Species at Risk Act, Schedule 1, Part 2. 18
Elliott-Smith, E., and S.M. Haig. 2004. Piping plover (Charadrius melodus), in Poole, A., ed., Birds of North America Online, Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Birds of North America website at http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/002. Elliott-Smith, E., S.M. Haig, and B.M. Powers. 2009. Data from the 2006 international piping plover census: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 426. 332 pp. Environment Canada. 2003. Species at Risk Act: A Guide. Environment Canada. 2006. Recovery strategy for the piping plover (Charadrius melodus circumcinctus) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. Environment Canada. 2008. Species profile for piping plover melodus subspecies http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=687, accessed 11 February 2009. Funk, W.C., T.D. Mullins, and S.M. Haig. 2007. Conservation genetics of the snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in the Western Hemisphere: population genetic structure and delineation of subspecies: Conservation Genetics, v. 8, p. 1287-1309. Gratto-Trevor, C., D. Amirault-Langlais, D. Catlin, F. Cuthbert, J. Fraser, S. Maddock, E. Roche, and F. Shaffer. 2009. Winter distribution of four different piping plover breeding populations. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 11 pp. Haig, S.M., and L.W. Oring. 1988a. Genetic differentiation of piping plovers across North America. Auk 105(4): 260-267. Haig, S.M., and L.W. Oring. 1988b. Distribution and dispersal in the piping plover. Auk 105(3): 630-638. Haig, S.M., E.A. Beever, S. M. Chambers, H.M. Draheim, B.G. Dugger, S. Dunham, E. Elliott-Smith, J.B. Fontaine, D.C. Kessler, B.J. Knaus, I.F. Lopes, P. Loschl, T.D. Mullins, and L.M. Sheffield. 2006. Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Conservation Biology: 20:1584-1594. Hecht, A., and S. M. Melvin. 2009. Expenditures and effort associated with recovery of breeding Atlantic Coast piping plovers. Journal of Wildlife Management 73: 1099-1107. LeDee, O.E. 2008. Canaries on the coastline: Estimating survival and evaluating the relationship between nonbreeding shorebirds, coastal development, and beach management policy. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Larson, M.A., M.R. Ryan, and B.G. Root. 2000. Piping plover survival in the Great Plains: An updated analysis. Journal of Field Ornithology 71:721-729. 19
Page 1: Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus)
Page 4 and 5: NGP 2.4.4 Synthesis ……………
Page 6 and 7: Table AC1. Tier 2 (project-specific
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Reviewers Review Team (primary
Page 11: 1.3.4 Review history The piping plo
Page 14 and 15: 2.1 TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION AND AP
Page 16 and 17: Table 1. Number of piping plover ad
Page 18 and 19: population segment to the species t
Page 20 and 21: eeding adults (unpubl. data from Ma
Page 22 and 23: Piping plovers in both the U.S. and
Page 24 and 25: Evaluation of the persistence of th
Page 28 and 29: Lingle, G. R. and J.G. Sidle. 1989.
Page 30 and 31: Goossen, J.P. 2008. Discussion info
Page 32 and 33: Figure WM1. Breeding population dis
Page 34 and 35: Coast, suggests that shared over-wi
Page 36 and 37: in December 2006 to peak counts of
Page 38 and 39: drawn attention to washover passes,
Page 40 and 41: Gulf of Mexico region (Helmers 1992
Page 42 and 43: At least 668 of 2,340 coastal shore
Page 44 and 45: Table WM4. Number of recent groin i
Page 46 and 47: Tilling beaches to reduce soil comp
Page 48 and 49: While public lands may not be at ri
Page 50 and 51: crouching when in the presence of a
Page 52 and 53: insufficiency of regulations to pro
Page 54 and 55: inlet where off-road vehicle use is
Page 56 and 57: consultation was concluded informal
Page 58 and 59: In sum, although the risk for impac
Page 60 and 61: accelerated habitat changes, there
Page 62 and 63: wrack. Another example of indirect
Page 64 and 65: Brault, S. 2007. Population viabili
Page 66 and 67: Gibson, M., C.W. Nathan, A.K. Killi
Page 68 and 69: Lott, C.A., P.A. Durkee, W.A. Gierh
Page 70 and 71: Roche, E.A., J.B. Cohen, D.H. Catli
Page 72 and 73: USFWS. 2008c. Biological opinion on
Page 74 and 75: Farley, R. 2009. Phone conversation
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GL 2.3 UPDATED INFORMATION AND CURR
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Habitat degradation and loss contin
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commitments to implementation. Incr
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average rate of 1.76 (Stucker et al
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GL 2.3.2.4 Taxonomic classification
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4% 28% 13% Great Lakes Region 78 Fe
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GL 2.3.3 Five-factor analysis In th
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GL 2.3.3.2 Factor B. Overutilizatio
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plovers. As predation by merlins is
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acknowledged that a large percentag
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Several years of population growth
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Roche, E.A., J.B. Cohen, D.H. Catli
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Recovery Criterion A. Number of bir
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Recovery Criterion C. The Canadian
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Piping Plover Pairs 900 800 700 600
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Piping Plover Pairs 600 500 400 300
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NGP 2.4.2 Biology and habitat Since
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the population trend for the entire
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year period on average. The upper b
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International Piping Plover Census
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Individual Ploves Surveyed 1200 100
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provide sandbar habitat for plover
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etween available acres, plover abun
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Alkali lakes As on the Missouri Riv
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occurs in the middle of the season,
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Freshening of water on saline wetla
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nation for wind energy potential, a
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The 1988 recovery plan suggests the
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In addition, the states in which pi
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2009). Overhead power lines have be
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difficult to ascertain, because the
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NGP 2.4.5 Section references Americ
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Haig, S., T. Eubanks, R. Lock, J. S
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National Research Council. 2004. En
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USACE. 2008b. Northwestern Division
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Mulhern, D. 2008. Electronic mail d
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Recovery Criterion 1. Increase and
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Recovery Criterion 4. Institute lon
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Productivity Annual productivity es
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anded as adults exhibited fidelity
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half of the Southern recovery unit
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a third of the approximately 2.5-mi
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adverse effects (including indirect
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(2002; 2003). Permit conditions res
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Table AC1. Tier 2 (project-specific
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Habitat restoration efforts Efforts
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each-nesting birds. Examples of sit
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New Jersey state regulations protec
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often place their nests near cobble
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approximately five miles off the co
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increased coastal storm activity an
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However, all of the major threats (
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Calvert, A.M., D.L. Amirault, F. Sh
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Jones, K. 1997. Piping plover habit
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National Park Service. 2008b. Pipin
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 200
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Hoeh, J. 2009. February 13, 2009 em
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182
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3.2 Recommended Recovery Priority N
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186
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processes are impeded. Compare with
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a. Continue to encourage and improv
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Recommended research and data needs
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increases flow velocity and thus sa
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5. Conduct studies to understand po
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198
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Appendix A The outside experts and
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Appendix B Estimated abundance of b
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Appendix C Wind turbine generator (
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