Guide to Hydrological Practices, 6th edition, Volume I - Hydrology.nl

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GUIDE TO HYDROLOGICAL PRACTICES
Page
8.9.1 Hypothermia (exposure) ....................................................................................... I.8-6
8.9.2 Frostbite ............................................................................................................... I.8-6
8.9.3 Working on ice-cold lakes and streams .................................................................. I.8-6
8.9.4 Working in mountainous areas .............................................................................. I.8-7
8.9.5 Cold-water survival ............................................................................................... I.8-7
8.10 Special precautions for hot conditions ................................................................................... I.8-7
8.10.1 Heatstroke (hyperthermia) .................................................................................... I.8-7
8.10.2 Sunburn ............................................................................................................... I.8-8
8.11 Travel and transport .............................................................................................................. I.8-8
8.11.1 General ................................................................................................................ I.8-8
8.11.2 Helicopters ........................................................................................................... I.8-8
8.11.3 Motor vehicles ...................................................................................................... I.8-8
8.12 Survival kits and rations ......................................................................................................... I.8-9
8.13 Other hazards ....................................................................................................................... I.8-10
References and further reading .......................................................................................................... I.8-10
CHAPTER 9. DATA PROCESSING AND QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................
9.1 General ............................................................................................................................. I.9-1
9.2 Principles, conventions and standards ................................................................................... I.9-1
9.2.1 Conservatism, evidence and guesswork ................................................................ I.9-1
9.2.2 Data accuracy standards and requirements ........................................................... I.9-1
9.3 Coding ............................................................................................................................. I.9-3
9.3.1 General ................................................................................................................ I.9-3
9.3.2 Developing codes ................................................................................................. I.9-3
9.3.3 Location codes ..................................................................................................... I.9-3
9.3.4 Variable (parameter) codes ................................................................................... I.9-4
9.3.5 Data qualification codes ....................................................................................... I.9-4
9.3.6 Missing data codes ............................................................................................... I.9-4
9.3.7 Transmission codes ............................................................................................... I.9-4
9.3.8 Geographical Information Systems ....................................................................... I.9-4
9.4 Data capture ......................................................................................................................... I.9-5
9.4.1 Key entry .............................................................................................................. I.9-5
9.4.2 Capturing chart data ............................................................................................ I.9-5
9.4.3 Punched-tape data ............................................................................................... I.9-6
9.4.4 Electronic data logging ......................................................................................... I.9-6
9.5 Primary processing activities .................................................................................................. I.9-6
9.5.1 General ................................................................................................................ I.9-6
9.5.2 Preliminary checking of data ................................................................................. I.9-6
9.5.3 Traceability and processing ................................................................................... I.9-8
9.5.4 Data registers and tracking ................................................................................... I.9-8
9.5.5 Identification and retention of original records ..................................................... I.9-9
9.5.6 Data adjustments for known errors ....................................................................... I.9-9
9.5.7 Aggregation and interpolation of data .................................................................. I.9-10
9.5.8 Computation of derived variables ......................................................................... I.9-10
9.5.9 Data status ........................................................................................................... I.9-10
9.6 Specific primary processing procedures ................................................................................. I.9-10
9.6.1 Climatological data ............................................................................................... I.9-11
9.6.2 Streamflow data ................................................................................................... I.9-12
9.6.3 Water-quality data ................................................................................................ I.9-14
9.7 Secondary processing ............................................................................................................ I.9-15
9.7.1 Routine post-computation tasks ............................................................................ I.9-15
9.7.2 Inserting estimates of missing data ....................................................................... I.9-15
I.9-1