Guide to Hydrological Practices, 6th edition, Volume I - Hydrology.nl

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I.1-4 GUIDE TO HYDROLOGICAL PRACTICES projects, navigation and river training, urban water resources management, sediment transport and river channel morphology and environmental issues. Chapter 5 deals with extreme value analysis, and Chapters 6 and 7 address the modelling of hydrological systems and hydrological forecasting, respectively, as two of the key functions of Hydrological Services in water management. While a measure of standardization is desirable and can be achieved with respect to instruments, methods of observation and publication practices, this is rarely the case with respect to hydrological analysis and applications. Therefore, the emphasis in Volume II is on presenting alternative approaches to the solution of selected problems, which have been demonstrated, through experience, to be both practical and effective. Rather than recommending any approach or technique in preference to another, attention is drawn to the principal features and advantages of each approach. The final choice of approach will depend on a multitude of factors, including the relevant hydrological and climatic regimes, available data and information and the purposes to be served, and can only be made in the light of a full understanding of the individual situation. During the past few years, the increasing availability of microcomputers has permitted the introduction of more sophisticated analytical methods and techniques. Some of these have now been widely adopted in practice and they have therefore been introduced into this Guide. The space limitations of this Guide restrict the amount of material that can be presented. For more detailed information on the subjects treated, the reader should consult the following publications: for discharge measurement, the Manual on Stream Gauging (WMO-No. 519, Volumes I and II) and, on sampling, the GEMS/Water Operational Guide (UNEP, 2005). The reader is also referred to international standards dealing with methods for liquid flow measurements in open channels prepared by member countries of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO has developed more than 50 standards for various types and methods of measurement. Valuable references can also be found in the proceedings of the international symposiums, seminars and workshops on hydrometry organized by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), WMO and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). A full description of the theoretical base for the recommended practices, and detailed discussion of their methods of application are beyond the scope of this Guide. For such details, the reader is referred to appropriate WMO manuals and technical reports, as well as to other textbooks, handbooks and technical manuals of national agencies. In particular, further detailed guidance on instruments and methods of observation is given in the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8) and the Guide to Climatological Practices (WMO-No. 100). References appear at the end of each chapter. 1.4 THE HYDROLOGICAL OPERATIONAL MULTIPURPOSE SYSTEM In recent decades, hydrological science and technology have made substantial progress and significant contributions have been made by field hydrologists to the development and management of water resources. So as to facilitate the sharing of hydrological practices among the National Hydrological Services, a technology transfer system known as the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose System (HOMS) was developed by WMO and has been in operation since 1981. It offers a simple but effective means of disseminating information on a wide range of proven techniques for the use of hydrologists. HOMS transfers hydrological technology in the form of separate components. These components can take any form, such as a set of drawings for the construction of hydrological equipment, reports describing a wide variety of hydrological procedures and computer programs covering the processing and storage of hydrological data, as well as modelling and analysis of the processed data. To date, over 180 components have been made available, each operationally used by their originators, thus ensuring that every component serves its purpose and has been proved in practice. These descriptions appear in the HOMS Reference Manual (HRM) which is available online at http://www. wmo.int/pages/prog/hwrp/homs/homs_en.html in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages. The present Guide is further enriched through crossreferences to the relevant HOMS components, which are included at the beginning of the relevant sections of this Guide. References and further reading United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water Programme, 2005: Global Environment Monitoring
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION I.1-5 System (GEMS)/Water Operational Guide. Fourth edition, Inland Waters Directorate, Burlington, Ontario. World Meteorological Organization, 1980: Manual on Stream Gauging. Volumes I and II, Operational Hydrology Report No. 13, WMO-No. 519, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization, 1983: Guide to Climatological Practices. Second edition, WMO-No. 100, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization, 1988: Technical Regulations. Volume III, Hydrology, WMO-No. 49, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization, 1989: Manual on Operational Methods for the Measurement of Sediment Transport. Operational Hydrology Report No. 29, WMO-No. 686, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization, 1994: Guide to Hydrological Practices. Fifth edition, WMO-No. 168, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization, 1996: Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation. Sixth edition, WMO-No. 8, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization, 2000: Hydrological Operational Multipurpose System (HOMS) Reference Manual. Second edition, Geneva. World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1992: International Glossary of Hydrology. WMO-No. 385, Geneva.
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ANNEX ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 2D
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