Hasat Khelat Budhivikas part 2

hgV IoiV ~w{Õ[dH$mg
^mJ-2
à{ejH$m§gmR>r _mJ©X{e©H$m
g§nmXZ
O`m ~Xr
Aw{_©bm JwOa
àkm _mZg g§emo{YH$m
kmZ à~mo{YZr, 510 gXm{ed noR>, nwUo -411030

hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
àH$meH$ : H$m`©dmh
kmZ à~mo{YZr g§emoYZ g§ñWm
510, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo - 411 030
AjaOwidUr : kmZ à~mo{YZr g§JUH$ H$j, nwUo.
_wÐH$ Am{U {dVaH$ : N>mÌ à~moYZ
kmZ à~mo{YZr, 510, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo-30
_wI-_bn¥îR> gOmdQ> : lr. amo{hV H$mo{H$i
AmVrb {MÌo : lr. A^` nwa§Xao.
àH$meZ : gm¡a lmdU 22 eHo$ 1931
13 Am°JñQ> 2009, JmoHw$imîQ>_r
n{hbr Amd¥Îmr
qH$_V : é. 150
© gd© hŠH$ àH$meH$mMo ñdmYrZ.
g§emoYZ d à{ejU `mgmR>r `m nwpñVHo$Vrb H$moUVmhr _OHy$a H$moUË`mhr àH$mao nwZ_©w{ÐV
H$aVm `oB©b. _mÌ _yi nwpñVHo$Mm g§X^© XoUo ~§YZH$maH$ amhrb.
AmdmhZ : `m _mJ©Xe©H$ nwpñVHo$À`m gmhmæ`mZo à{ejH$m§Zr ~w{Õ{dH$mgmMo d AÝ` Ioi
KoD$Z Amnbm AZw^d àH$meH$mH$S>o Oê$a H$idmdm.
Hasat Khelat Buddhivikas Bhag-2
(Games for Development of Intelligence Part-2)
A Hand-book for Trainers.

G$U{ZX}e
"hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg' ^mJ-2 nyU© hmoV Amho. `mMm Amåhmbm _Zmo_Z AmZ§X hmoV
Amho. H$moUË`mhr C{ÔîQ>nyVugmR>r C{ÔîQ> nyU© H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m BÀNo~amo~a VÁk
ì`ŠVtMo _mJ©Xe©Z, ghH$m`©, àmoËgmhZ d ew^oÀN>m `m§Mrhr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. ho nwñVH$hr
Ë`mbm AndmX Zmhr.
"hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg' hr g§H$ënZm àW_ Am_À`mV ê$Odbr d gVV _mJ©Xe©Z
dm. CfmVmB© {Iao `m§Zr Ho$bo. Am_À`mVrbM EH$ hmoD$Z hr g§H$ënZm \w$bdÊ`mgmR>r d ho
nwñVH$ nyU© hmoÊ`mgmR>r dm. AZKmVmB© bdioH$am§Zr _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. _m. g§MmbH$ dm. {Jare
~mnQ> `m§Zr àkm _mZg g§emo{YHo$V hmoUmao g§§emoYZ g_mOmn`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mgmR>r
"~mb {dH$mg {e{~am§Zm' d Ë`mdarb AmYm[aV øm nwñVH$mbm àmoËgmhZ {Xbo. _w»` àñVmdZm
{b{hÊ`mgmR>r {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. gwObm dmQ>do `m§Zr Amåhmbm ghH$m`© Ho$bo VgoM {d^mJmVrb
BVa gXñ`m§Zr [e{~ao d nwñVH$nyVugmR>r doimodoir ghH$m`© Ho$bo.
~mb{dH$mg {e{~am§_YyZ "hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg' hr g§H$ënZm nyU© hmoV Amho. {e{~amV
ZdZdrZ à`moJ H$aÊ`mgmR>r embò _mZgemñÌmMo Ë`m Ë`m dfuMo {dÚmWu d BVa _mOr
{dÚmWu, _mZgVÁk A§Obr Omoer, _w{Zam Ym[admb, {JarOm Omoer, g_ra ~ëbmi,
ñdpßZbm OmYd, _mYwar I¡ao, gwOmVm hmoZn, _mYwar Hw$bH$Uu, Jw§OZ Hw$bH$Uu, _{Zfm Omoer,
AM©Zm ZaJw§X, AZ`m {Zgi `m ñd`§ñ\y$VuZo gh^mJr Pmbo.
ñdê$nd{Y©Zr g§ñWoÀ`m Xbmda J§_V Ioi KoVbo OmVmV. Ë`mVrb H$mhr J§_V Ioi
nwñVH$mV g_m{dîQ> H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr g§ñWoÀ`m à{V{ZYrZo {Xbr Amho.
_m. àmMm`© {ddoH$ nm|jo `m§Zr {e{~am§gmR>r emioMr OmJm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr.
N>mÌ-à~moYZMo à_wI g§nmXH$ àm. _h|Ð go{R>`m `m§Zr nwñVH$ à{gÕrgmR>rMo _mJ©Xe©Z d
ghH$m`§© Ho$bo.
Q>§H$boIZmgmR>r gm¡.AmpídZrVmB© Am¡ag§J, lr. Vm¡{\$H$ _Vdmb `m§Zr O~m~Xmar KoVbr.
_w{X«V emoYZmgmR>r lr. CX` hf} `m§Zr _XV Ho$br. g§H$ënZobm g_n©H$ _wI d _bn¥îR>mMr
gOmdQ> lr. amo{hV H$mo{H$i `m§Zr Ho$br. àË`oH$ Ioi {MÌmVyZ g_Oob Aer Ioimbm gmOob
Ago {MÌm§Mo aoImQ>Z lr. A^` nwa§Xao `m§Zr Ho$bo. {e{~amV gh^mJr hmoUmè`m _wbm§Zr d
nmbH$m§Zr CÎm_ à{VgmX XoD$Z Am_Mo _Zmo~b dmT>dbo.
Am_À`m XmoKr§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§À`m ew^oÀN>m d nmqR>ã`m_wio Amåhr ho
g§H$bZ-g§nmXZmMo H$m_ {MH$mQ>rZo H$ê$ eH$bmo.....
Amåhr `m gdmªMo _Z:nyd©H$ G$U _mZVmo.
O`m ~Xr
Aw{_©bm JwOa

g§nmXH$ n[aM`$
O`m ~Xr -
• E_².E, E_². {\$b (_mZgemñÌ), embò _mZgVÁk.
• 1995 nmgyZ gañdVr _§{Xa ZmB©Q> H$m°boO, nwUo _Ü`o AÜ`mnZ.
• kmZ à~mo{YZrVrb "~mb {dH$mg' CnH«$_mV XrK©H$mi H$m_ d g_Ýd`H$
åhUyZ O~m~Xmar.
• "gH$mi d ì`pŠVËd {dH$mg à~mo{YZr' V\}$ g§`mo{OV
"An`emVyZ...`emH$S>o' `m A{^`mZmV Á`oîR> g_wnXoeH$ åhUyZ
_mJ©Xe©Z.
• "OrdZ _mJ©Xe©Z H|$Ð' d "_{hbm godmJ«m_' `oWo g_wnXoeZ åhUyZ
H$m_.
• "nmbH$Ëd' à{ejUmV _mJ©Xe©H$ åhUyZ gh^mJ.
• Am§VaamîQ´>r` n[afXoV "~mb {dH$mg à{ejH$ à{ejUmda' AmYm[aV
emoY {Z~§YmMo gmXarH$aU.
• ^maVmV {d{dY {R>H$mUr àdmg d bmoH$_mZgmMm Aä`mg - H$moMrZ,
_oiKmQ>, Oå_y H$mí_ra, JwOamV.
Aw{_©bm JwOa -• ~r. Eñgr., embò _mZgVÁk.
• Jobr 20 hyZ A{YH$ df} {ejUjoÌmV ñd`§godr d¥ÎmrZo H$m_.
• kmZ à~mo{YZr g§emoYZ g§ñWm, ñd-ê$n d{Y©Zr, _oÝgm B. g§ñWoMo
gXñ`Ëd.
• kmZ à~mo{YZrVrb "~mb {dH$mg' CnH«$_mV Á`oîR> _mZgVÁk åhUyZ
_mJ©Xe©Z.
• J«m_rU eoVH$ar _wbm§gmR>r j_Vm {dH$mg d Aä`mg H$m¡eë`m§da
AZoH$ df} gmVË`mZo _mJ©Xe©Z.
• "nmbH$Ëd' à{ejUmV _mJ©Xe©H$ åhUyZ gh^mJ.
• Am§VaamîQ´>r` n[ag§dmXmV "~mb {dH$mg' CnH«$_mda AmYm[aV emoY
{Z~§Ym§Mo gmXarH$aU.

A§Va§J
n«ñVmdZm 7
à{ejH$ Am{U dmVmdaU... 8
nmíd©^y_r... 11
1. kmZ|{Ð`mg§~§YrMo Ioi.... 14
1.1 AmaemVrb à{V_m 15
1.2 A§YmaJwSy>n 16
1.3 Am§Yir H$moqe~ra 18
1.4 AmR>dm-AmR>dm ! AmdmO AmR>dm ! 20
1.5 AmdmO EoH$m A§H$ AmoiIm 21
1.6 n«mUr AmoiIm njr AmoiIm 23
1.7 g§JrVmVyZ {MÌ{Z{_©Vr 24
1.8 _r H$moU? 25
1.9 hm dmg H$emMm? 27
2. {MÝhmË_H$ Ioi... 29
2.1 {H$_`m R>í`m§Mr 30
2.2 ZjrXma \$aer 31
2.3 g§XoedmhH$ 33
2.4 gmX-à{VgmX 35
2.5 J§_V A§H$m§er 37
2.6 Q>´>°{\$H$ 38
2.7 AmoiIm ! nmhÿ AmoiIm ! 40
2.8 {MÌnyVu 42
3. ^m{fH$ Ioi ... 44
3.1 eãX _Zmoam 45
3.2 eãX Q>mir 47
3.3 dmŠ`mnmgyZ eãX ~Zdm 49
3.4 eãXdoY 51
3.5 Oa Am{U Va 52
3.6 emoY H$ënZm§Mm 54
3.7 emoYm ! emoYm ! gUm§Mr Zmdo emoYm ! 56
3.8 Mbm, JmoîQ> V`ma H$ê$ 57

4. dV©ZmË_H$ Ioi... 59
4.1 ^mdZm n[aM` 60
4.2 ^mdZm§Zm AZwê$n A{^ì`ŠVr 62
4.3 hm Ioi ^mdZm§Mm !... 64
4.4 Vy Am{U _r 65
5. JQ> H$m`©... 67
5.1 AmH$mam§À`m J§_Vr 68
5.2 {abo S´>m°BªJ 70
5.3 n«H$ën 72
6. J§_V O§_V Ioi... 73
6.1 Omio _¡ÌrMo 74
6.2 {d_mZVi 75
6.3 Jm`-åh¡g 76
6.4 \$gdm\$gdr 78
6.5 Amåhr gmJamÀ`m bmQ>m 80
6.6 goìhZ-An 82
6.7 H$mJXmdaMm ZmM 84
6.8 O{_Zrdarb Mmb 85
6.9 Jma-H$mo_Q>-Ja_ 86
6.10 ho{bH$m°ßQ>a 87
6.11 A½ZrHw§$S> 88
6.12 gwXe©Z-MH«$ 89
6.13 nd©V-Xar 90
6.14 Hw$bwn-{H$ëbr 91
7. g§H$sU© 93
7.1 àmW©Zm 93
7.2 H$WmH$WZ 94
7.3 {e{~am{df`r WmoS>ogo... 95
g_mamon... 97
n[a{eîQ>>-1 {e{~amMm H$m`©H«$_ 98
n[a{eîQ>>-2 CnH«$_m§Mr _m{hVr 100

àñVmdZm
"hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg'- ^mJ XmoZMo àH$meZ H$aVmZm Amåhm§ gd©M OUm§Zm A{Ve`
AmZ§X hmoV Amho. àkm _mZg g§emo{YH$m Jobr VrZ Vnm§hÿZ A{YH$ H$mi ~w{Õ_Îmm emoYZ-_mnZ
Am{U g§dY©Z øm joÌmV AZoH$ à`moJ, g§emoYZo d H¥${Verb CnH«$_ am~dV Amho.
"~w{Õ_ÎmoMo' ~hwAm`m_r ê$n AmVm hiy hiy e¡j{UH$ joÌmVhr _mÝ` Ho$bo OmD$ bmJbo Amho.
øm {d{dY j_Vm AZoH$ AZm¡nMm[aH$ na§Vw `moOZmnyd©H$ Ho$boë`m à`moJ§m_YyZ {dH${gV Ho$ë`m
OmD$ eH$VmV ho gwÕm {gÕ hmoV Amho.
hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-1 ho nwñVH$ dm. CfmVmB© {Iao `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr
C_m ~mnQ> Am{U _rZmjr amOZ `m§Zr {gÕ Ho$bo hmoVo. nwñVH$mMm n{hbm ^mJ àH$m{eV
Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mbm Mm§Jbm à{VgmX {_imbm. Ë`mVyZ ~w{Õ{dH$mgmMo Ioi KoÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$m§Zr
CÎm_ _mJ©Xe©Z Pmë`mMohr AmdO©yZ Zm|Xdbo Amho.
"gdmªJrU ~mb {dH$mg CnH«$_' øm CÝhmir {e{~a H$m`©H«$_mVyZhr `m nwñVH$mVrb
"~m¡{ÕH$ Ioim§Mm' ^anya dmna hmoV AgVmoM. n{hbo nwñVH$ à{gÕ Pmë`mZ§Va {M{H$ËgH$
ÑîQ>rZo {dMma H$ê$Z ZdZdrZ ~m¡{ÕH$ Ioi V`ma H$ê$Z Vo dmnê$Z, Ë`m§Mr ZrQ> _m§S>Ur
H$aÊ`mMr OUy EH$ MidiM BWo gwê$ Pmbr. {e{~am§_Ü`o ZmdrÝ`mMm gVV emoY KoV Ë`m
Ioim§_YyZ {dH$mgmÀ`m à{H«$`m§Mo [ZarjU H$ê$Z ZdZdrZ ~m¡{ÕH$ Ioim§Mr {Z{_©Vr hmoV am{hbr.
dm. AZKmVmB© bdioH$a `m§À`m gj_ ZoV¥ËdmImbr, Ë`m§À`mer MMm© H$aV gh^mJr _mZgVÁkm§Zr
`m_Ü`o ^a KmVbr. Ë`mda g§ñH$aU H$ê$Z Mm§Jë`m Ioim§Mr {Z{_©Vr hr ñdm^m{dH$M Pmbr.
`m_Ü`o BWë`m embò _mZgemñÌmÀ`m nXì`wÎma Aä`mgH$m§Zr _moR§M `moJXmZ {Xb§ Amho.
"hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ 2' hr EH$ Iè`m AWm©Z§ gm§{KH$ {Z{_©Vr Amho. Ë`mMm AmZ§Xhr
doJimM Amho. øm gd© g¥OZerb H$ënZm§Zm- Ioim§Zm doimodoir dmnaV, Ë`mV Amdí`H$ Vo
~Xb H$aV, ^a KmbV hr A§{V_ àV V`ma Pmbr Amho. hr A§{V_ àV V`ma H$aÊ`mM§
AdKS> gwH$mUy àm. O`mVmB© ~Xr d Aw{_©bmVmB© JwOa øm XmoZ _mZgVÁkm§Zr dm. AZKmVmB©
bdioH$a `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr A{Ve` {MH$mQ>rZ§ Am{U CÎm_VoMm AmJ«h YaV nobb§
Amho. Ë`m§À`m ~amo~arZ§ ~mb{dH$mg CnH«$_mÀ`m AZoH$ H$m`©H$Ë`mªM§hr ho EH$ _moR>§ `e Amho.
hr nwpñVH$m _mZgVÁk, AÜ`mnH$, {d{dY ñd`§godr g§ñWm_Yrb H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm qH$~hþZm
"ghm Vo ~mam' d`mVë`m _wbm§~amo~a Oo Oo H$m_ H$aVmV Ë`m gdmªZm AË`§V Cn`wŠV dmQ>ob
ømV e§H$mM Zmhr. AIoa g§emoYZ ho à~§Y- {Z~§Y Am{U n[afXm-n[ag§dmXmVyZ AS>Hy$Z Z
nS>Vm WoQ> amoOÀ`m Am`wî`mV S>moH$mdb§ nm{hOo hmM Va àkm _mZgMm CÔoe Amho. øm nwñVH$mÀ`m
{Z{_ÎmmZo AOyZ EH$ nmD$b nwT>o nS>b§ Amho. åhUyZ AmZ§X ì`ŠV H$aVo d AZoH$m§Zm øm
nwñVH$mMm Cn`moJ ìhmdm hr ew^oÀNm ì`ŠV H$aVo.
dm.gwObm dmQ>do
àñVmdZm/7

8/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
à{ejH$ Am{U dmVmdaU
`oWrb {dH$mg Ioim§Mo J¥hrVM Ago Amho H$s dmVmdaUmer gmX-à{VgmX XoV ì`ŠVr {dH${gV
hmoVo. ZwgË`m H$moUrVar gyMZm XoD$Z, Ë`mà_mUo EImXr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z AWdm IoiyZ ì`ŠVr KS>V
Zmhr. \$ŠV dV©Z KS>Vo. dmVmdaUmMr gmX EoH$m`bm Am{U à{VgmX Úm`bm ì`ŠVrMr g§doXZerbVm
OmJ¥V ìhm`bm nm{hOo d dmVmdaUhr à^mdr Agm`bm nm{hOo Am{U åhUyZ gmÜ`m-gwÜ`m {XgUmè`m
dmVmdaU {Z{_©VrMo _hÎd ZOaoAmS> H$ê$Z MmbUma Zmhr.
dmVmdaU åhUOo Var H$m`?
ImobrÀ`m q^Vr, VoWrb \${Z©Ma, ~mJoVrb PmS>o, A§JUmVrb O_rZ BË`mXr ^m¡{VH$ JmoîQ>r
åhUOoM dmVmdaU H$m?
_wbm§Zm {Xbobo gm{hË`, a§Jr~oa§Jr dñVy, Ë`§mM§r ~gÊ`mMr ì`dñWm, åhUOo dmVmdaU H$m?
`m gd© ^m¡{VH$ ~m~tÀ`m nbrH$S>rb _Zmo-gm_m{OH$ KQ>H$ ho A{YH$ _hÎdmMo AgVmV.
_wbm§À`m _ZmVyZ CJ_ nmdbobm àoaUmñÌmoV d Vmo {Z_m©U Pmë`dma Vmo PobÊ`mgmR>r à{ejH$m§Mr
`mo½` Vr _Zmo^y{_H$m, A§Vaì`pŠVH$ g§dmX H$m¡eë`o, ñÌmoVmg `mo½` Vmo à{VgmX XoD$Z {Xem
XmI{dÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© Am{U {dH$mgmÀ`m CÀM loUrn`ªV OmÊ`mgmR>r Ü`ò Xe©ZmMo H$m¡eë` Ago
_hËdmMo KQ>H$ dmVmdaUmMr g_¥Õr R>a{dVmV.
_Zwî` ñd^mdmÀ`m Amnë`m kmZmMr OgOer Imobr dmT>ob d AZw^d dmT>ob Ë`mà_mUo
`mo½` Vo dmVmdaU V`ma H$aÊ`m_Ü`o Amnë`mbm `e {_iob. VWm{n àW_nmgyZ H$mhr {H$_mZ
^m¡{VH$ d _Zmogm_m{OH$ JmoîQ>tH$S>o Amnë`mbm bj Úmdo bmJob. Ago H$moUH$moUVo àmW{_H$ KQ>H$
dmVmdaU {Z{_©VrgmR>r Amdí`H$ AmhoV, `mMr BWo Zm|X Ho$br Amho.
ImobrVrb/KamVrb Ioi
1) gmYmaU 15 _wbm§gmR>r H$_rV H$_r 20 \$yQ> × 20 \y$Q> EdT>çm AmH$mamMr hdoera Imobr
Agmdr. ^anya àH$me Agmdm na§Vw CÝhmMm Ìmg Zgmdm. EImÚm emioMm dJ© dmnam`Mm
Agbm Va eŠ`Vmo \${Z©Ma hbdyZ _moH$ir OmJm H$amdr. ImobrV \$im Amdí`H$, Vmo
Zoh_r nwgbobm Agmdm. AÝ` àH$maMr Imobr Agë`mg VoWo \${Z©Ma AWdm emo^oÀ`m
dñVy ZgVrb Ago nhmdo.
2) ImobrÀ`m q^Vr ñdÀN> Agmì`mV, \$moQ>mo, {MÌo, \$bH$ BË`mXr \$mago Zgmdo. q^Vrda
{e{~amMo {MÌ AWdm _wbm§À`m H$bmH¥$Vr bmdVm `mì`mV.
3) \$im, ISy>, S>ñQa, boIZ gm{hË`, H$mJX, gVa§Or, {nÊ`mMo nmUr Agmdo. H$mhr Ioim§_Ü`o
EH$-XmoZ _moR>r Q>o~bo Amdí`H$ AgVmV. Ver Vr CnbãY AgmdrV.
4) _wbm§Mo gm_mZ ì`dpñWV R>odbo Omdo. Ë`mMà_mUo ~yQ>, Mnbmhr am§JoV R>odë`m Omì`mV.
hr gd` n{hë`mnmgyZM Agmdr.

5) IoimZwgma JQ>mV {d^mJUr Ho$ë`mZ§Va EH$mhÿZ A{YH$ Imoë`m bmJVrb qH$dm Vgo JQ>mZo
~gVm `oB©b Ago _moR>o g^mJ¥h bmJob.
6) Ioi KoÊ`mMr OmJm d S>~m ImÊ`mMr OmJm eŠ`Vmo doJir Agmdr.
7) OodT>r OmJm dmnabr OmB©b (ñdÀN>VmJ¥hmgH$Q>) VodT>çm gd© OmJoMr ñdÀN>Vm R>odmdr.
8) gd©OU gmaIo AmhoV d AmnU gd© EH$ AmhmoV hr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mgmR>r Zoh_r
_wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ gyMZm Úmì`mV. à{ejH$mZohr JmobmVM _wbm§~amo~a ~gmdo. Ooìhm
\$ù`mda {b{hUo d _wbm§Zr dmMUo Amdí`H$ Agob Voìhm gd©OU \$ù`mÀ`m {XeoZo Vmo§S>
H$ê$Z ~gVrb.
9) H$m`©H«$_mMr gwédmV R>aboë`m doioZwgma ìhmdr d eodQ>hr R>aboë`m doioZwgma ìhmdm.
AYë`m _Yë`m doim gmoB©à_mUo _mJo-nwT>o H$amì`mV. nmbH$m§Zr _wbm§Zm gmoS>ë`mZ§Va,
Ioi Mmby AgVmZm ì`Ë`` AmUy Z`o.
10) Ioim_Ü`o _wŠVnUm ~è`mM à_mUmV Ano{jV Amho. àË`oH$ _wbmZo CËñ\y$V©nUo gh^mJ KoUo
Ano{jV Amho. Ë`mgmR>r àË`oH$ _wbm~Ôb nyU©nUo ñdrH$ma ^mdZm Agmdr. àË`oH$ _wbmH$S>o
gmaIoM bj nwadmdo. åhUOo àË`oH$mgmR>r doi Úmdm d àË`oH$mÀ`m JaOoZwgma Ë`mÀ`mer
~mobmdo.
11) IoimVrb ag {Q>Hy$Z amhrb `m nÕVrZo Ë`mVrb Vnerb ^amdoV. EImXm Ioi H$§Q>midmUm
dmQ>ë`mg Ë`mMm AmJ«h Yê$ Z`o.
12) à{ejH$mZo _wbmÀ`m ~amo~a XodmU-KodmU H$arV H$m`©H«$_ Mmby R>odmdm. J§_V-O§_V
IoimV ^anya AmaS>m-AmoaS>m H$ê Úmdm. _m¡Z nmiyZ Ioimd`mÀ`m IoimV nyU©nUo em§VVm
amhrb Ago nhmdo.
13) àË`oH$ _wbmÀ`m H$ënZm àH$Q> hmoVrb, ~mobm`bm g§Yr {_iob, ñdV:Mo d¡{eîQ>ç XmIdVm
`oB©b Aer `moOZm H$amdr.
14) H$moUË`mhr Ioim_Ü`o _wbm§Zm _wŠVnUo ~mobÊ`mMm, e§H$m {dMmaÊ`mMm, _V àH$Q> H$aÊ`mMm
AmË_{dídmg {Z_m©U H$amdm. AYo-_Yo {dMmaboë`m e§H$m§_wio ì`Ë`` `oVmo. Vmo H$mhr
à_mUmV ñdrH$mamdm. _Ü`oM {dMmaboë`m Aem àíZm§_wio _wbm§Mr _mZ{gH$ Jw§VdUyH$ Mm§Jbr
amhVo d {dgaboë`m _wÚmH$S>ohr bj OmD$ eH$Vo.
15) `m Ioim§Vrb dmVmdaU nwîH$igo AZm¡nMm[aH$ Agë`m_wio WmoS>ogo EH$_oH$mV ~mobUo,
d¡`pŠVH$ H$m_ H$aVmZm EH$Q>çmZoM H$moR>o Var OmD$Z ~gUo qH$dm PmonyZ {b{hUo `mg
nadmZJr Úmdr. _mÌ IoimÀ`m gyMZm XoVmZm qH$dm Ë`mdarb MMm© H$aVmZm _wbm§Zr
EH$_oH$m§er AmnmngmV Z ~mobVm à{ejH$mH$S>o bj XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
16) EH$m doiobm XmoZ à{ejH$ Agë`mg H$m_mMr dmQ>Ur H$er H$amdr H$s EH$_oH$m_wio Mmby
H$m_mV ì`Ë`` `oUma Zmhr. EH$OU gyMZm XoV AgVmZm, Ë`mMdoir Xwgè`m à{ejH$mZo
H$mJX dmQ>ë`mg _wbm§Mo bj {dM{bV hmoVo.
à{ejH$ Am{U dmVmdaU/9

17) XmoKm§À`m H$m_m_Ü`o g_Ýd` gmYbm OmUo _hÎdmMo. EH$ OU _wbm§H$S>yZ CÎmao KoV Agob
Va Xwgè`mZo Vr \$ù`mda {bhmdrV.
18) B§J«Or d _amR>>r XmoÝhr ^mfm§Mm dmna H$am`Mm Agë`mg XmoKm§Zr \$ù`mÀ`m XmoZ ~mOyg
{bhmdo.
19) àË`j Ioi Mmby AgVmZm à{ejH$mZo EH$_oH$m_Ü`o MMm© H$ê$ Z`o. _wbo ñdV§ÌnUo H$m_
H$aV Agë`mda doi Agë`mg Vmo {ZarjUmgmR>r dmnamdm, Jßnm§gmR>r dmnê$ Z`o.
20) à{ejH$m§Zr _wbm§er _mUwgH$sÀ`m ZmË`mZo g§dmX àñWm{nV H$amdm. Ë`mV Xoh~mobr
(Body Language) Mm _hËdmMm dmQ>m AgVmo ho {dgê$ Z`o. na§Vw ZH$br A{d^m©d Q>mimdoV.
Oo ~mobm`Mo Vo öX`nyd©H$ ~mobbo nm{hOo. H$WmH$WZmÀ`m doir _wbo Odi `oVmV, àg§Jr
hmVmV hmV KoVmV, _m§S>rda S>moHo$ R>odVmV Vo H$ê$ Úmdo. H«$_mH«$_mZo àË`oH$mbmM JaOoZwgmaVer
g§Yr {_imdr. S>~m ImVmZm JmobmV ~gUo, àmW©Zm åhUyZ S>~m ImUo, `mà_mUoM WmoS>o \$ma
EH$_oH$m§Zm XoUo ho Amdí`H$ _mZmdo. à{ejH$mZo AYyZ _YyZ àË`oH$mÀ`m S>ã`mbm XmX Úmdr.
21) à{ejH$mZo Zoh_r hgV_wI Agmdo. Amnë`m _ZmVbo _hÎdmMo H$mhr gm§Jmdo Ago _wbm§Zm
dmQ>bo nm{hOo. Ë`mMà_mUo H$moUË`mhr _wbm~Ôb nyd©J«h Zgmdm. H$mhr _wbo bmKdr AgVmV,
A{YH$ ~mobH$s AgVmV Aer _wbo MQ>H$Z AmdS>VmV. ho Iao Agbo Var {H$VrVar JwUdmZ
_wbo H$_r ~mobUmar d A§Va R>odyZ dmJUmar AgVmV. àË`oH$m_Yrb JwU ~mhoa Ambo
nm{hOoV d Ë`mgmR>r à{ejH$ d _wbo Ë`m§À`mVrb ZmVo à^mdr ~Zbo nm{hOo.
22) à{ejH$m§Zm _wbmV-_yb hmoUo Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a EH$ g_W© à{ejH$ åhUyZ C^o amhUo ho
XmoÝhrhr O_m`bm nm{hOo. {e{~amVrb H$m`©H«$_mVyZ d {d{dY IoimVyZ H$m` gmYm`Mo
`mMo ^mZ gVV R>odbo nm{hOo. H$mhr doiobm _wbm§_Yrb Amnbr ñdV:~ÔbMr bmoH${n«`Vm
dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r, _wbm§Zm ê$Mob Vo H$aÊ`mH$S>o à{ejH$ dmhV OmVmV.
23) _wbm§da Amnë`m gm_Ï`m©Mm à^md Ho$ìhm nSy> eH$Vmo? {df`mMr nyU© V`mar d CÎm_
{Z`moOZ `m XmoZ JmoîQ>tMr Ë`mbm Amdí`H$Vm Amho. åhUyZ {e{~amVrb àË`oH$ H¥$Vr,
àË`oH$ Ioi ho ñdV: H$ê$Z nm{hbo nm{hOo. Oar H$mhr H¥$VtgmR>r AÝ` gmhmæ`H$ AWdm
VÁk Agbo Var AmnU ñdV: Ho$ë`m_wio Ë`mVrb à{H«$`m nyU© g_OVo. VÁk ì`ŠVr hr Ë`m
{df`mMr VÁk AgVo. na§Vw _wbm§n`ªV Vmo {df` H$gm nmohmoMbm nm{hOo `mda à{ejH$m§Mo
{Z`§ÌU AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
24) {e{~amÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mVyZ d IoimVyZ _wbm§Zm Oo Úm`Mo Vo Ë`m§À`mn`ªV nmohmoMVo qH$dm Zmhr,
_wbo Ë`mMm bm^ KoV AmhoV H$m, ho H$go AmoiImdo? _wbmÀ`m ZOaoVrb AmZ§X, Mohè`mdarb
CËgwH$Vm, H¥$VrMr VËnaVm d _ZmMr VÝ_`Vm ho Ë`mMo {ZXe©H$ AmhoV. ho AmT>iyZ `oV
AgVrb Va g§»`memñÌmMo {Z`_ Xwæ`_ R>aVrb.
10/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
("hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-1' _YyZ----gm^ma)
***

nmíd©^y_r
"hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg'`m g§H$ënZoMr _mZgemñÌr` nmíd©^y_r `m ^mJmV gm§{JVbr
Amho. nwñVH$mVrb ~aoMgo Ioi S>m°.Oo.nr.{Jb²\$moS>© `m§Zr _m§S>boë`m ~w{ÕÀ`m g§H$ënZoda AmYmarV
AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m åhUÊ`mZwgma ~w{Õ hr ~hþ{OZgr Amho. ~w{ÕMo Ë`m§Zr 120 n¡by XmIdyZ {Xbo
AmhoV. S>m°.Oo.nr. {Jb²\$moS>© `m A_o[aH$Z _mZgemñÌkmÀ`m Zwgma Amnë`m ~wÕrMo ñdê$n VrZ
~mOy§Zr {ZpíMV hmoV AgVo. Amnë`m {dMmam§Mo _mÜ`_ H$m`, {dMma H$em àH$maMm Amho d
Ë`mMr {ZînVr H$emV hmoVo - Aem øm VrZ ~mOy AmhoV.
{dMmam§Mr n{hbr ~mOy åhUOo {dMmamMo _mÜ`_-
Ë`mbm {Jb²\$moS>©Zo 'CONTENT' Ago g§~moYbo Amho dmñVw{eënr, Am{H©$Q>oŠQ>, B§{OZr`a,
S>m°ŠQ>a, {MÌH$ma, g§JrVH$ma, J[UVVÁk, boIH$, gm_m{OH$ nwT>mar, ì`dñWmnH$ ho gd© Amnmnë`m
joÌmV VÁk AgVmV. joÌmZwgma Ë`m§À`m {dMmam§Mo _mÜ`_ R>aVo.
♦ Am{H©$Q>oŠQ>, {MÌH$ma d àH$me{MÌH$ma Ñí` (Visual) _mÜ`_mMm OmñV dmna H$aVmV.
♦ g§JrVH$ma ÜdZrMm, lmì` (Auditary) _mÜ`_mMm A{YH$ Cn`moJ H$aVmV.
♦ J{UVVÁk AmH$S>o, {MÝho Aem à{VH$mË_H$ (Symbolic) _m{hVrer IoiVmV.
♦ boIH$ ^mfobm Amnë`m _Zmà_mUo didVmV d eãXm§_mJbm AW©/Ame` (Sematics)
ì`ŠV H$aVmV.
♦ gm_m{OH$ nwT>mar _mUgm§Zm OmoIV AgVmV; Ë`mgmR>r _mZdr dV©ZmMm (Behavioural)
Aä`mg H$aV AgVmV.
àË`oH$mÀ`m {dMmamMo _mÜ`_ doJio, Ë`mZwgma àË`oH$mÀ`m j_Vm§Mo ñdê$n {Zamio.
{Jb\$moS>©Mr àkm AmH¥$Vr (Structure of Intellect)
nmíd©^y_r/11

{dMmamMr Xwgar ~mOy åhUOo {dMmamMr à{H«$`m-
{Jb²\$moS>©Zo {dMma à{H«$`ogmR>r 'OPERATION' Agm eãX dmnabm Amho. _mÜ`_ H$moUVohr
Agmo, Amnë`mbm _w»`V: nwT>rb 5 à{H«$`m§Zwgma {dMma H$amdm bmJVmo.
♦ AmH$bZ (Cognition)- {_iUmar _m{hVr ZrQ> g_OmdyZ ¿`md`mMr.
♦ ñ_aU (Memory)- Oo g_Obo Vo bjmV R>odm`Mo, bmJob Voìhm AmR>dm`Mo.
♦ ~hw{Xe {dMma (Divergent Thinking)- H$Yr H$Yr àíZm§Mr CÎmao emoYVmZm {Za{Zamù`m
_mJm©Zo YS>nS> H$ê$Z {d{dY n`m©` emoYm`Mo, ~hþ{Xem§Zr {dMma H$am`Mm.
♦ EH${Xe {dMma (Convergent Thinking)- {_imbobr _m{hVr d Ë`mdê$Z Ho$bobm
♦
{dMma EH$m {ZpíMV {XeoZo, VH©$ gwg§JV nÕVrZo Owidm`Mm d AZw_mZ H$mT>m`Mo.
_yë`_mnZ (Evaluation)- Amnbo AZw_mZ MyH$ H$s ~amo~a ho Vnmgm`Mo, `mo½` nÕVrZo
_yë`_mnZ H$am`Mo.
`m nmM n«{H«$`m§Mm H«$_ Zoh_r AgmM AgVmo Ago Zmhr. _m{hVr {_idV AgVmZm H$mhrdoim
Vr àW_M VnmgyZ ¿`mdr bmJVo. ~hþ{XeoZo {dMma H$ê$Z emoYmdr bmJVo. Amnë`m g_moarb
àíZmZwgma H$moUË`m àH$maMm {dMma A{YH$ _hÎdmMm ho R>aVo VWmm{n EdT>o _mÌ ZŠH$r H$s
Ooìhm Ooìhm AmnU ~wÕr dmnaVmo Voìhm Voìhm darb nmM à{H«$`m§n¡H$s EH$ qH$dm A{YH$ àH$ma
Ë`mV g_m{dîQ> AgVmV.
{dMmamMr {Vgar ~mOy åhUOo {dMmamMr {ZînÎmr-
{Jb²\$moS>©Zo {dMmam§À`m {ZînÎmrbm 'PRODUCT' Ago åhQ>bo Amho. Amnbm {dMma Zo_H$m
H$emgmR>r? Ë`mVyZ H$m` gmYm`Mo? H$emMo kmZ H$ê$Z Úm`Mo? Amnë`m hoVyZwgma {dMmamVyZ
{ZînÎmr hmoVo. {VMo {Jb²\$moS>©Zo ghm àH$ma XmIdyZ {Xbo.
♦ EH$H (Units)- g_moa Agbobr Jmob dñVy M|Sy> ZgyZ nonadoQ> Amho ho H$iUo, EImXm eãX
AmoiIUo, ^y{_VrVrb AmH¥$Ë`m g_OUo, g_moarb ì`ŠVrÀ`m Mohè`mdarb AmZ§X OmUdUo
ho Pmbo EH$H$mMo (Units) AmH$bZ. {dMma {ZînÎmrMr hr n{hbr nm`ar.
♦
♦
dJ© (Classes)- Jm`, KmoS>m, _m§Oa Ago àmUr nmhyZ àmUr-dJ© (Class) åhUOo H$m`
`mMr g§H$ënZm _ZmV V`ma hmoVo. {d{dY àH$maÀ`m ñÌr-nwê$fm§À`m AZw^dmVyZ ñÌrñd^md
d nwê$f -ñd^md `m§Mr H$ënZm V`ma hmoVo. g_mZ JwUY_m©Zwgma nXmW©, dñVy,
_mUgo AWdm àXoe `m§Mo JQ> Ho$bo OmVmV. `m_wio Ë`m§À`m~ÔbMo kmZ dmT>Vo d Ë`mM~amo~a
{d{eîQ> JwUY_m©Mr g§H$ënZm ñnîQ>> hmoV OmVo. AZw^dmÀ`m AmYmao kmZmO©Z dmT>dVmZm
Aem g§H$ënZm (Classes) AË`mdí`H$ AgVmV.
g§~§Y (Relation)- `m nwT>Mr nm`ar åhUOo XmoZ dñVy AWdm g§H$ënZm `mVrb g§~§Y
H$iUo. CXm. eoV d eoVH$ar, ~mQ>br d ~yM qH$dm ~mQbr d XyY, Ka d Xma qH$dm Ka d
_mUgo, amîQ´> d ZmJ[aH$ qH$dm amîQ´> d g§ñH¥$Vr, EH$_oH$mV AS>H$dboë`m XmoZ MmH$m§Mr JVr,
12/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

BË`mXr. H$moUË`mhr XmoZ JmoîQ>t_Yrb g§~§Y (Relation) nyU©nUo H$iUo hmhr kmZmO©Z à{H«$`oVrb
_yb^yV KQ>H$ Amho.
♦ g§aMZm (Systems)- darb {VÝhr àH$ma AJXr ~mbd`mnmgyZ gwê$ hmoVmV. dmT>Ë`m
d`m~amo~a hmoUmè`m àJVrZwgma `m {VÝhtMm EH${ÌV Cn`moJ hmoD$ bmJVmo d Amnë`m _ZmV
H$mhr g§aMZm (System) V`ma hmoVmV. gm`H$b hr EH$ dñVy (Unit) åhUyZ {VÀ`mH$S>o nmhVm
`oB©b. Ë`mMà_mUo {VÀ`mVrb gwQ>çm ^mJm§Mo d Ë`m§Mr EH$_oH$m§er OmoS>Ur H$er Ho$br Amho
`mMo (Relation) Mo kmZ Pmë`mg gm`H$bÀ`m g§aMZoMo (System) kmZ hmoB©b. gm`H$b
MmbdVmZm H$mhr _wbm§Zm ho kmZ bdH$a hmoVo. Ka, emim, amîQ´>. EImXm Aä`mgmMm {df`,
OrdZ{df`H$ VËdkmZ, `m _moR>çm g§aMZm AmhoV.
♦ ê$nm§Va (Transformation) - àmßV n[apñWVrV g_moaÀ`m dñVyV {H§$dm Amnë`m H$ënZoV
~Xb H$amdo bmJVmV {H§$dm Ago ~Xb AmoiImdo bmJVmV. hr Pmbr ê$nm§VamMr j_Vm
(Transformation) Xwnmar Zimdê$Z nmUr AmUÊ`mgmmR>r nmVobo KoD$Z OmUmam _wbJm OmVmZm
Vo nmVobo S>moŠ`mda nmbWo KmbVmo Am{U nmVoë`mÀmm gmR>dUrEodOr Q>monrgmaIm Cn`moJ
H$aVmo, ho EH$ àH$maMo Cn`moJmMo ê$nm§Va Pmbo. n[apñWVrVyZ _mJ© H$mT>VmZm qH$dm Amho
Ë`mV gwYmaUm H$aVmZm àmßV n[apñWVrV ê$nm§Va Amdí`H$ AgVmV. nañna gm_§Oñ`mgmR>r,
nyd©J«h Zmhrgm hmoÊ`mgmR>rhr `mMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. gVV AmOmar nS>Umè`m ì`ŠVrZo
ñdV:_Ü`o Iyn ~Xb Ho$bo VaM Amamo½` gwYmaVo.
♦ ÜdÝ`W©©©© © (Implication)- EImÚm H¥$VrMo n[aUm_ H$iUo, EImÚm dmŠ`mVyZ Zo_Ho$ H$m`
Üd{ZV hmoV Amho ho H$iUo, åhUOoM ÜdÝ`W© (Implication) H$iUo. H$moUË`mhr Mmby
H¥$VrVyZ nwT>o H$m` H$m` {ZînÝZ hmoB©b qH$dm EImÚm KQ>ZoÀ`m nydu H$m` Pmbo Agob `mMo
A§XmO ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r `m j_VoMr JaO AgVo. EImXo J{UV gmoS>dVmZm qH$dm {Z~§Y {b{hVmZmhr
àË`oH$ nm`arda _mJMm nwT>Mm {dMma H$amdm bmJVmo. gmYZm§[edm` PQ>H$Z dVw©i H$mT>VmZm
aofoÀ`m dH«$VoMm AMyH$ A§XmO KoD$Z Hw$eb MmbH$ doJmda {Z`§ÌU R>odV AgVmo. gyk nmbH$
gÚ n[apñWVr d ^{dî`H$mi `m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm diU bmdVmV.
`m àñVwV nwñVH$mV _yi g§H$ënZoVrb ÑH$, lmì`, {MÝhmË_H$, eãXê$n d dV©ZmË_H$
`m àË`oH$ _mÜ`_m§da OmñVrV OmñV H¥$Vr Ioi XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. à{ejH$m§Zm gmYZ
åhUyZ Cn`moJ H$aVmZm gmono Omdo ømgmR>r H¥$VrIoim§Mr dJ©dmar {dMmamÀ`m _mÜ`_mZwgma Ho$br
Amho. CÔoemà_mUo Ioim g§~§YrMr MMm© KoVm `mdr `mgmR>r MM}Mo _wÔo hr IoimÀ`m eodQ>r {Xbobo
AmhoV.
("~w{Õd¡^d' _YyZ----gm^ma)
***
nmíd©^y_r13

1. kmZ|{Ð`m§g§~§YrMo Ioi
Ñí`, lmì`, dmg, ñne© d Md `m n§MkmZo§{Ð`m§-
VyZ Amnë`m AdVr ^modVrMr n[apñWVr g_OyZ KoVm
`oVo. `mVrb lmì` d Ñí`MoVH$m§Mm Cn`moJ ì`ŠVr
X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV OmñV à_mUmV H$aV AgVo.
n[apñWVr d `oV Agbobm AZw^d AOyZ g_¥ÕnUo
AZw^dÊ`mgmR>r d BVa kmZ|{Ð`m§Zmhr MmbZm
XoÊ`mgmR>rMo Ioi `m ^mJmV {Xbo AmhoV. ñnem©Zo d
dmgmZo dñVy g_OyZ KoD$Z Zo_H$s dñVy AmoiIUo d
gm§JVm `oUo, g§JrV EoH$VmZm [MÌ H$mT>Uo Ago Ioi
`mV AmhoV. kmZ|{Ð`m§À`m j_Vm§Mo g§dY©Z
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho Ioi dmnaVm `oVrb.
14/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

1.1 AmaemVrb à{V_m
CÔoe- _wŠV hmbMmbtMo, hmd^mdm§Mo {ZarjU, ñ_aU dmT>dUo d ñne© g§doXZmg MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- _moH$ir OmJm, ê$_mb
doi- 35 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 5 {_. MMm©.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbm§Zr _wŠVnUo hmbMmbr d hmd^md H$aUo Ano{jV Amho. H$mhr _wbm§Zm hmbMmbr
H$aÊ`mg g§H$moM dmQ>ob. Aemdoir à{ejH$m§Zr _wbm§À`m ~amo~arZo IoimV gh^mJr hmoD$Z Ioi Ioimdm.
CËgmhmV _wbm§H$Sy>Z {d{MÌ hmbMmbr hmoVrb. Ë`m_wio _wbm§_Ü`o X§Jm hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. Aemdoir
à{ejH$mZo _wbm§Zm amJmdy Z`o. S>moio ~§X Ho$ë`mda OmoS>rXmamH$S>o OmÊ`mg à{ejH$m§Zr _XV H$amdr.
nÕVr- `m IoimgmR>r eŠ`Vmo 2 _wboo d 2 _wbr AemM XmoZ-XmoZÀ`m OmoS>çm H$amì`mV åhUOo _wbo d _wbr
Z g§H$moMVm hm Ioi IoiVrb. "A' d "~' Ago XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z _wbm-_wbtÀ`m C§Mrà_mUo OmoS>çm H$amì`mV.
"A' d "~' JQ>mVrb _wbm-_wbtÀ`m EH$mg_moa EH$ Vm|S> H$ê$Z XmoZ AmS>ì`m g_m§Va am§Jm H$am`bm gm§JyZ
IoimÀ`m gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmnU amoO AmaemV ~KV AgVmo. AmaemV Amnbr à{V_m H$er {XgVo? (_wbm§H$Sy>Z à{V{H«$`m
¿`mì`mV) AmnU Oa COdm hmV da Ho$bm Va AmaemV S>mdm hmV da Ho$ë`mgmaIr à{V_m {XgVo. VemM
à{V_m Amnë`mbm V`ma H$am`À`m AmhoV. Ë`m à{V_m V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr {Z`_ AmhoV. gd© àW_
"A' am§JoVrb _wbm§Zr Amnbo S>moio ~§X H$am`Mo AmhoV, Z§Va "~' `m am§JoVrb àË`oH$ _wbmZo EH$ {d{eîQ>
hmbMmb d hmd^md H$ê$Z Amnë`m OmJoda pñWa ìhm`Mo Amho. "~' am§JoVrb _wbo d _wbr pñWa Pmë`mda
S>moio {_Q>boë`m "A' am§JoVrb _wbm§Zr Amnë`m g_moaÀ`m OmoS>rXmamH$S>o OmD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobr hmbMmb d
hmd^md MmMnS>yZ g_OyZ ¿`m`Mr AmhoV. Vr hmbMmb d hmd^md bjmV R>odyZ Amnë`m OmJoda OmD$Z
OerÀ`m Ver hmbMmb H$am`Mr Amho. Ho$bobr hmbMmb AmaemVrb à{V_m dmQ>ob Ago C^o ahm`Mo
Amho. hmbMmb H$ê$Z Pmë`mda S>moio CKS>m`Mo AmhoV. AmnU Ho$bobr hmbMmb OmoS>rXmamMr AmaemVrb
à{V_m dmQ>>Vo Zm, Vo ~Km`Mo Amho.'
MM}gmRrMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ S>moio CKS>ë`mZ§Va H$go dmQ>bo?
♦ S>moio ~m§Yë`mda hmbMmbr g_Oë`m H$m?
♦ AmaemV {XgVmV Ë`mà_mUo hmbMmbr H$aVm Amë`m H$m?
♦ à{V_m H$aVmZm H$m` H$m` AS>MUr Amë`m?
Zm|Xr- S>moio {_Qy>Z à{V_m H$ê$ Z eH$Umè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr
¿`mì`mV. S>mì`m Am{U COì`m_Yrb Jm|Yi hmoUmè`m _wbm§Mr
Zmdo Zm|XdmdrV.
***
AmaemVrb à{V_m/15

1.2 A§YmaJwSy>n
CÔoe- g§doXZerbVm, VXZw^yVr dmT>dUo.
gm{hË`- _moR>o ê$_mb (àË`oH$s EH$)doi -
doi- 40 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar , 5 {_. gyMZm , 20 {_. àË`j Ioi , 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- àË`oH$ _wbmbm _moR>m ê$_mb AmUÊ`m~m~V IoimÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder _wbm§Zm gyMZm
Úmdr. H$mhr _wbm§Zm S>moio ~m§Yë`mZ§Va S>~m H$gm Im`Mm? Amnë`m hmVyZ AÝZ gm§S>ob H$s H$m` Ago àíZ
nS>Vrb qH$dm Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoB©b. Aem doir à{ejH$m§Zr _wbm§Zm AmnU gd©OU AmhmoV,
H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$m, Agm {dídmg Úmdm. S>~m ImVmZm, hmV YwÊ`mg OmVmZm d hmV YwdyZ naV `oVmZm
_wbm§da bj R>odmdo. Oê$a dmQ>br Va _wbm§Zm _XV H$amdr. S>moio ~m§YyZ darb gd© JmoîQ>tMm _wbm§Zm AZw^d
Úmdm.
nÕVr- S>~m ImÊ`mgmR>r ~gVmZm S>ã`m~amo~a _moR>m ê$_mb KoD$Z _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gm`bm gm§Jmdo.
gyMZm- "amoO AmnU gd©OU EH$Ì S>~m ImVmo. AmO J§_VrXma nÕVrZo S>~m Im`Mm Amho Ë`mgmR>r
gJù`m§Zr hmV YwD$Z S>~m d _moR>m ê$_mb KoD$Z EH$m _moR>çm JmobmV ~gm`Mo Amho. AmVm àË`oH$mZo
ê$_mbmZo Amnbo S>moio ~m§Ym`Mo AmhoV. \$ma KÅ> ~m§Yy ZH$m. nU Vwåhmbm A{O~mV {XgUma Zmhr `mMr
ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`m. Mbm gdmªZr ê$_mb ~m§YyZ ¿`m. gdmªMo S>moio ~m§YyZ Pmbo H$m? (ê$_mb ~m§Ym`bm
_mJ©Xe©H$m§Zr _wbm§Zm _XV H$amdr) AmVm àË`oH$mZo Amnmnbm S>~m Im`Mm Amho. AmVm AmnU OodUmÀ`m
àmW©ZonmgyZ gwédmV H$ê$. g§nyU© S>~m ImD$Z, S>~m OmJoda R>odyZ d hmV YwD$Z hmoB©n`ªV S>moio ~m§YboboM
R>odm`Mo AmhoV. ho H$aVmZm Jßnm _maë`m Var MmbVrb. nU H$moUrhr BVam§Zm Ìmg Úm`Mm Zmhr. gJù`m§MoM
S>moio ~m§Ybobo AmhoV, Ë`m_wio A§XmOmZo Mmbm d hmbMmb H$am. H$moUrhr _Ü`oM ê$_mb gmoS>m`Mm Zmhr.
16/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

H$mhr _XV bmJbr Va hmV da H$am`Mm åhUOo Vwåhmbm _XV {_iob. OodUmZ§Va hmV YwD$Z Pmë`mda
gdmªZr S>moù`m§daMm ê$_mb gmoSy>Z JQ>m§_Ü`o ~gm`Mo Amho.' _wbm§er Ioim~m~V MMm© H$amdr.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ S>>moù`m§da ê$_mb ~m§Yë`mda H$m` dmQ>bo?
♦ H$m` H$m` J§_Vr Pmë`m?
♦ S>moù`m§da ê$_mb ~m§Yë`mZo H$m` AS>MUr Amë`m? Ë`mda Cnm` H$m` gwMbo?
♦ MM}_YyZ A§Y ì`ŠVr~Ôb _wbm§Zm AmnwbH$s dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zm _XV H$amdr Aer ^mdZm dmQ>ob Aer MMm©
¿`mdr.
Zmo§Xr- S>moù`mbm ê$_mb ~m§Yë`mZ§Va gyMZoà_mUo Ioi IoiUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV d _YyZM
ê$_mb gmoS>Ê`mMr KmB© H$aUmè`m qH$dm dma§dma ê$_mbm_YyZ ~KUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr H$amì`mV.
ewÕr Xo, ~wÕr Xo, ho X`mKZm
eŠVs Xo,_wŠVs Xo, Am_wÀ`m _Zm&& Y¥ &&
Va-V_ Vo C_OoZm, C_OoZm gË`
\$g{dVo Amåhmbm {díd ho A{ZË`
{X½Xe©Z _O ìhmdo, hrM H$m_Zm&& 1Ÿ&&
ewÕr Xo, ~wÕr Vo, ho X`mKZm
eŠVr Xo, _wŠVs Xo, Am_wÀ`m _ZmŸ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
ñdËdmbm \$gdyZ Oa ^«_bo ho {MÎm
G$OwVoda _mV H$ar, Ðmoh hm à_Îm
{Z^©`Vm OmJmdr hrM àmW©Zm&& 2Ÿ&&
ewÕr Xo, ~wÕr Vo, ho X`mKZm
eŠVs Xo, _wŠVs Xo, Am_wÀ`m _Zm&& Y¥ Ÿ&&
***
A§YmaJwSy>n/17

1.3 Am§Yir H$moqe~ra
CÔoe- ÑîQ>r {edm`À`m g§doXZm§{df`r gOJ hmoUo d ZmË`m§_Yrb {dídmgmh©Vm g_OyZ KoUo.
gm{hË`- S>moio ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r ñH$m\©$, AS>Wio {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r dñVy Ogo IwMu, Q>o~b dJ¡ao.
doi- 35 {_., 5 {_. H¥$Vr R>adÊ`mg, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 10{_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- H$mhr _wbm§Zr S>moù`mbm ê$_mb ~m§YyZ MmbÊ`mg Zmhr åhUUmè`m, Aem _wbm§Zm
àmoËgmhZ XoD$Z IoimV gh^mJr H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. `m IoimV _wbm§Zm Hw$R>ë`m _mJm©Zo H$go Ý`m`Mo ho AmYr
{ZpíMV H$amdo. hm Ioi ~mJoVhr KoD$ eH$Vmo.
nÕVr- XmoZ-XmoZÀ`m OmoS>çm H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm OmoS>rZo C^o H$amdo. OmoS>rXmamn¡H$s EH$mMo S>moio ~m§YmdoV.
EH$m _mJo EH$ Aem OmoS>çm Cä`m H$amì`mV. S>moio Z ~m§Ybobm OmoS>rXma nwT>o d S>moio ~m§Ybobm OmoS>rXma
_mJo Agob. n«{ejH$mZo gdmªV nwT>o amhÿZ _wbm§Zm _mJ© XmIdmdm d ghmæ`H$mZo gdmªV _mJo Wm§~yZ _wbm§gmo~V
Mmbmdo.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr Am§Yir H$moqe~ra hm Ioi IoiVm H$m ? (_wbm§H$Sy>Z à{V{H«$`m ¿`mì`mV) AmO AmnU
Ë`mgmaImM nU WmoS>m doJim d J§_Vera Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. `m IoimV AmnU ~gbmo AmhmoV `m AmdmamVrb
EH$m OmJonmgyZ Xwgè`m OmJon`ªV Om`Mo Amho. åhUOo g_Om, `m XmamnmgyZ Ë`m {IS>H$sn`ªV Om`Mo Amho.
(_wbm§Zm XmIdUo) AmVm ho H$aV AgVmZm OmoS>rVrb EH$mMo S>moio ~§X Ho$bobo AgVrb d Xwgè`mZo åhUOo
Á`mMo S>moio CKS>o AmhoV Ë`mZo Ë`mbm XadmOmnmgyZ {IS>H$sn`ªV Ogm _mJ© XmIdbm Amho Ë`mM _mJm©Zo KoD$Z
Om`Mo Amho. AmVm ho H$aV AgVmZm Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMo eãX qH$dm dmŠ`m§Mo g§^mfU MmbUma Zmhr na§Vw
18/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

Vwåhr BVa g§^mfUmÀ`m H¥$Vr dmnê$ eH$Vm. Ogo Q>mir, MwQ>H$s dJ¡ao Oo hdo Vo AmdmO.' AmVm gdm©V _hÎdmÀ`m
gyMZm ZrQ> EoH$m.
1. OmoS>rXmambm Ioi gwê$ hmoÊ`mnydu 5 {_. g§^mfUmMo "AmdmO' R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r doi {Xbr OmB©b.
CXm. S>mdrH$S>o diUogmR>r "1 Q>mir', COdrH$S>o diÊ`mgmR>r "MwQ>H$s', gai OmÊ`mgmR>r "ewH$-ewH$'
AS>Wim Amë`mg {eÅ>r dmOdUo Ago AmdmO R>adm`Mo AmhoV.
2. 5 {_. H¥$Vr R>adyZ Pmë`mda OmoS>r_Yrb EH$m _wbmMo S>moio ~m§Ybo OmVrb d Xwgè`m _wbmbm
EH$m OmJonmgyZ Xwgè`m OmJon`ªVMm _mJ© XmIdbm OmB©b. Vmo _mJ© bjmV R>odyZ Ë`mM _mJm©Zo S>moio ~§X
Agboë`m _wbmbm Vwåhr R>adboë`m (g§^mfU IwUm§Mm, H¥$Ë`m§Mm) dmna H$ê$Z _mJm©da KoD$Z Om`Mo Amho.
3. ho gd© H$aV AgVmZm H$mhr AQ>tMo nmbZ OmoS>rZo H$am`Mo Amho.
A§Jmbm hmV bmdm`Mm Zmhr.
eãX qH$dm dmŠ` CXm. Aao CS>r _ma, S>mdrH$S>o di, Aem àH$maMo H$moUVohr g§dmX H$am`Mo ZmhrV.
Ago AmT>ibo Va OmoS>r> ~mX Ho$br OmB©b.
S>moio CKS>o Agboë`m OmoS>rXmamZo gm§{JVboë`m _mJm©ZoM KoD$Z Om`Mo Amho.
OmoS>çm VmB©M R>adob.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi AmdS>bm H$m? Ioi AmYr Ioibm hmoVm H$m?
♦ H$m` AS>MUr `oV hmoË`m (Z O_boë`m d O_boë`m OmoS>rbm {dMmaUo)
♦ `m IoimMo H$m` \$m`Xo hmoVrb Ago Vwåhmbm dmQ>Vo? OmoS>rXma/{_Ìm§da {dídmg R>odÊ`m{df`r bjmV `oVo.
♦ Vw_À`m ~amo~a Ago H$Yr Pmbo Amho H$m? H$s g_moaÀ`mMo ZrQ> Z EoH$Uo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`mda {dídmg Z
R>odUo, Ë`m_wio H$mhr ZwH$gmZ Pmb§`.
♦ H$moUVr ^y{_H$m H$aÊ`mV OmñV _Om Ambr?
♦ H$moUË`m ^y{_Ho$V OmñV gwa{jV dmQ>bo?
♦ Eadr Amnë`mbm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§da AmnU {dídmg R>odVmo H$m? CXm. nmbH$, {ejH$,
^md§S>§, {_Ì Ago AZoH$
Zm|Xr- Ioi O_Umè`m d Z O_Umè`m _wbm§Mr Zmdo {bhyZ R>odmdrV.
***
Am§Yir H$moqe~ra/19

1.4 AmR>dm-AmR>dm ! AmdmO AmR>dm !
CÔoe- ldUm~m~VMr g§doXZerbVm dmT>dUo d ñ_aUeŠVrbm MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- H$moao H$mJX, nopÝgb, \$im, ISy B.
doi - 40 Vo 45 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm , 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- OmñVrVOmñV doJdoJù`m AmdmO Agboë`m ñWmZm§Mr `mXr H$ê$Z R>odUo. CXm. aoëdo
ñQ>oeZ, emim, _§{Xa. àË`oH$mbm EH$ EH$ H$mJX Úmdm. 5 {_{ZQ>o XoD$Z àË`oH$mbm ñdV§ÌnUo AmdmO Agboë`m
ñWmZm§Mr `mXr H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdo. àË`oH$ _wbmbm EH$ _wÔm gm§JÊ`mg gm§Jmdo Am{U Ë`mMdoir à{ejH$mZo Vo
gd© _wÔo H$mJXmda {bhyZ ÚmdoV. _wbm§Zm gd© gyMZm g_Oë`mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z Ioi gwê$ H$amdm.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ Imbrb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmnU Zoh_rM doJdoJio AmdmO EoH$V AgVmo. gH$mir CR>ë`mnmgyZ H$moUH$moUVo AmdmO EoHy$
`oVmV? (_wbm§H$Sy>Z> 3-4 CÎmao KoUo) ~amo~a ! AmO AmnU AemM àH$maMm Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. Vwåhr
amoO emioV OmVm. Va VoWo Vwåhr AZoH$ AmdmO EoH$Vm. Vo AmYr S>moio {_Qy>Z AmR>dm. _J Vo AmR>dbobo
AmdmO 1-2 AmH$S>o KmbyZ Ë`m AmdmO§mMr `mXr H$mJXmda Vwåhmbm H$am`Mr Amho. `mgmR>r _r Vwåhmbm
10 {_{ZQ>o doi XoUma Amho. nyU© em§VVoV hm°b_Ü`o Hw$R>ohr ~gyZ ho H$m_ H$am`Mo Amho. Ë`mZ§Va àË`oH$mZo
H«$_mZo Amnbr CÎmao gm§Jm`Mr AmhoV. EH$mZo Oa EImXo CÎma gm§{JVbo Agob d VoM CÎma BVam§Zr {b{hbo
Agob Va Amnë`m H$mJXmda Ë`m CÎmamda IyU H$am`Mr Amho d Vo CÎma nwÝhm gm§Jm`Mo Zmhr. g_Obo Amho
H$m gdmªZm? Mbm Va Ioi gwê$ H$ê$`mV.'
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ AmdmO nQ>nQ> AmR>dbo H$m?
♦ OmñVrVOmñV AmdmO H$m` Ho$ë`mZo
AmR>dbo?
♦ `m IoimMm Vwåhmbm amoOÀ`m
ì`dhmamV H$gm Cn`moJ H$aVm `oB©b?
Zm|Xr- d¡{eîQ>çnyU© AmdmO gm§JUmar
_wbo, H$_r ~mobUmar, EH$Q>o ~gë`mda bj
XoD$Z H$m_ Z H$aUmar _wbo `m§À`m Zm|Xr
H$ê$Z ¿`mì`mV.
***
20/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

1.5 AmdmO EoH$m, A§H$ AmoiIm
CÔoe- ldUH$m¡eë`o dmT>{dUo, A§H$m§er _¡Ìr, ldU ñ_aUeŠVrbm MmbZm XoUo, AmdmO d A§H$
`m§À`mV ghg§~§Y OmoS>Vm `oUo d bjmV R>odUo.
gm{hË`- AmdmO H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m dñVy-{eÅ>r
doi -30 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 10 {_. àË`j Ioi, 10 {_. MMm©
n«{ejH$m§gmR>r- gd© _wbm§Zm ì`dpñWV AmdmO d A§H$ EoHy$ `mdoV `mgmR>r dJm©_Ü`o em§VVm Agmdr.
AmdmO d A§H$ EH$XmM gm§JyZ _wbm§À`m bjmV amhUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio XmoZXm Var gm§JmdoV. {deofH$ê$Z
bj Z XoUmè`m _wbm§gmR>r naV gm§Jmdo bmJob; VmU `oD$ Z XoVm Amdí`H$ Vo gmhmæ` H$amdo.
"AmR>dm-AmR>dm ! AmdmO AmR>dm !' hm Ioi AmYr Pmbm Agob Va hm Ioi _wbm§Zm nQ>H$Z g_Oob.
nÕVr- "A' d "~' Ago XmoZ JQ> H$amdoV. AY©JmobmV \$ù`mH$S>o Vm|S> H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm ~gdyZ Imbrb
gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmVm AmnU AmdmO d A§H$mMm Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. {d{eîQ> AmdmO H$mTy>Z Ë`mbm bmJyZ
bJoM EH$ A§H$ gm§{JVbm OmB©b. Vmo AmdmO Ë`m A§HmMm åhUyZ bjmV R>odm`Mm Amho. _r AmdmO
gm§{JVbm H$s Vwåhr _bm A§H$ gm§Jm`Mm Amho. àW_ A§H$m§gmR>rMo gd© AmdmO EoH$mdoV.
AmdmO EoH$m, A§H$ AmoiIm/21

"ewH$, ewH$-1' Z§Va _r "ewH$, ewH$' åhQ>b§ Va Vwåhr 1 Ago gm§Jm`Mo Amho. Ago _r 1 Vo 10
A§H$m§Zm AmdmO gm§JoZ Vo bjmV R>odm`Mo, g_Ob§ H$m? "A' qH$dm "~' `mn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr JQ>mbm
AmdmO gm§JoZ Ë`m JQ>mZo A§H$ gm§Jm`Mm Amho. Xwgè`m JQ>mZo CÎma {Xë`mg Ë`mMm 1 JwU H$_r hmoB©b Va
_J ~Ky `m H$moUVm JQ> OmñV AmH$S>o AmoiIob, Ë`m§Zm OmñV JwU {_iVrb.'
AmdmO AmH$S>o AmdmO AmH$S>o
ewH$, ewH 1 {Q>§J qQ>J 6
ImH$aUo 2 >Q>mir 7
Q>H$ Q>H$ 3 Q>m°H$ Q>m°H$ 8
{Q>MH$s 4 ImoH$Uo 9
å`°d å`°d 5 [eÅ>r 0
àH$ma- 1. d`moJQ>m Zwgma XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ AmdmO EH$Ì gm§JyZ H$mR>rÊ` nmVir dmT>dmdr.
2. _wbm§Zm ~oarO, dOm~mH$s H$ê$Z Ë`mgmR>rMm AmdmO H$mT>Ê`mg gm§Jy eH$Vmo.
CÎmamMm nU AmdmO.
CXm. ewH$, ewH$ + ImH$amdo = Q>H$ Q>H$ H$am`bm gm§Jmdo. 1 + 2 = 3
3. ħH$ gm§JyZ AmdmO H$mT>Uo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ Ioi IoiV AgVmZm H$m` dmQ>bo?
♦ AmdmO EoH$ë`mda AmH$S>m AmR>dbm H$m? H$gm AmR>dbm?
♦ AmdmO d Ë`mMm AmH$S>m bjmV R>odÊ`mgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo?
♦ EH$mnojm OmñV AmdmO H$mT>ë`mZ§Va AmH$S>o AmR>dUo H$go dmQ>bo?
♦ AmH$S>çm§dê$Z AmdmO AmR>dVm `oB©b H$m?
♦ `m IoimMm Amnë`mbm H$gm Cn`moJ hmoB©b?
Zmo§Xr- ag KoD$Z d ag Z KoD$Z IoiUmè`m _wbm§Mr Zm|X R>odmdr. AmdmO bjmV R>odÊ`mgmR>r _wbm§Zr
H$moUH$moUË`m `wŠË`m dmnaë`m `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
***
ì`ŠVrMo emar[aH$, ^md{ZH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, AÜ`mpË_H$ Ago gdmªJrU {dH$gZ KS>dm`Mo Amho.
- dm. {d. {d. n|S>go
22/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
("amîQ´>Xodmo ^d' _YyZ----gm^ma)

1.6 àmUr AmoiIm, njr AmoiIm
CÔoe- à{VH$mË_H$ ~hþ{Xe {dMma H$aUo, {ZarjUeŠVr dmT>dUo, ñ_¥Vrbm MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- {deof n[a{MV Zgbobo, Zoh_rÀ`m nmhÊ`mV, EoH$Ê`mV Zgbobo àmUr d njr `m§À`m ZmdmÀ`m
{MÇ>çm, H$moao H$mJX, ISy>, S>ñQ>a, EImXr dñVy-ê$_mb, M|Sy>
doi-35 {_., 5 {_.nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 5 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbm§Zm JmobmV OdiOdi ~gdmdo. IoimÀ`m gwédmVrbm àmUr-nú`m§À`m g§X^m©V
_wbm§er MMm© H$amdr. H$moUmbm Hw$R>bo àmUr, njr AmdS>VmV `m~m~V MMm© H$amdr. {df`mMr àñVmdZm
Pmë`mda nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "_r S>moio ~§X H$ê$Z Q>mù`m dmOdoZ d Ë`mM~amo~a Vwåhr hm M|Sy> (M|Sy> XmIdUo) EH$mH$Sy>Z
Xwgè`mH$S>o Úm`Mm Amho. Q>mù`m Wm§~ë`mda Á`mÀ`mH$S>o Mo§Sy> Agob Ë`mbm àW_ Ioi IoiÊ`mMr g§Yr
{_iob. Ë`m _wbmZo qH$dm _wbrZo `m {MÇ>çm§_YyZ ({MÇ>çm XmIdyZ) EH$ {MÇ>r CMbm`Mr Amho. {MÇ>>rV
Á`m nú`mMo qH$dm àmÊ`mMo Zmd Agob Ë`m nú`mMo qH$dm àmÊ`mMo dU©Z EH$-XmoZ eãXm§VM Ë`mZo H$am`Mo
Amho d Ë`mdê$Z ~mH$sÀ`m§Zr Vmo njr qH$dm àmUr AmoiIm`Mo Amho. Oa Varhr Vmo njr qH$dm àmUr
AmoiIVm Ambm Zmhr Va Ë`m àmÊ`m§Mo {H$§dm nú`m§Mo EImÚm d¡{eîQ>çmMo {MÌ H$mT>m`Mo Amho. àmUr
qH$dm nú`mMo nyU© {MÌ H$mT>m`Mo Zmhr.
CXm. - Xod_mgm Agob Va gñVZ àmUr, nmÊ`mV AgVmo Aem nÕVrZo XmoZ Šë`yO² Z§Va AmoiIVm
Ambo Zmhr Va nmÊ`mMo H$ma§Á`mMo {MÌ H$mT>mdo. Aem àH$mao OmñVrVOmñV VrZ Šë`yO {Xbo OmVrb.
`mdê$Z Zo_H$m àmUr qH$dm njr AmoiIm`Mm Amho. ~mH$sÀ`m _wbm§Zr Zo_H$m àmUr njr AmoiIbm Zmhr
Va _mÌ àmUr d njrMo Zmd gm§Jm`Mo Amho.'
MMo}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioim_Ü`o Šë`yO gm§JÊ`mg _Om dmQ>br H$s àmUr njr AmoiIÊ`mV _Om Ambr?
♦ Šë`yO XoVmZm Vwåhr H$moUH$moUË`m JmoîQ>tMm {dMma Ho$bmV?
♦ Šë`yOdê$Z àmUr-njr AmoiIVmZm Vwåhr H$gm {dMma Ho$bmV?
♦ Ioi AOyZ a§JdÊ`mgmR>r H$moUH$moUË`m JmoîQ>r H$aVm `oVrb?
♦ hm Ioi AOyZ H$moUË`m nÕVrZo
IoiVm `oB©b Ago Vwåhmbm dmQ>Vo?
Zm|Xr- Šë`yO XoVmZm _wbo H$gm {dMma
H$aVmV ho ~Kmdo. H$moUVr _wbo IoimV
ag KoD$Z IoiVmV Aem _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr
¿`mì`mV. eŠ` Agë`mg Šë`yOÀ`m
Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
àmUr AmoiIm, njr AmoiIm/23 ***

24/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
1.7 g§JrVmVyZ {MÌ{Z{_©Vr
CÔoe- g§JrVmVrb gya-Vmb b`m~m~V g§doXZm dmT>dUo. ldUH$m¡eë`mbm MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË` - H$moao H$mJX, ñHo$M noZ, nopÝgb d Q>onaoH$m°S>©a- EH$ H°$goQ> qH$dm gr.S>r. (ObVa§J, ~mgar,
gVma `mn¡H$s)
doi - 35 {_., 5 {_.nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 10 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- `m IoimV {MÌ{Z{_©Vr Ago åhQ>bo Agbo Var \w$b, Ka, PmSo, S>m|Ja Aer {MÌo
H$mT>Uo Ano{jV Zmhr. g§JrVmV ag KoD$Z g§JrVmÀ`m b`rà_mUo {MÌ H$mT>Uo Ano{jV Amho ho _wbm§Zm
gm§JUo. _wbm§Zm {MÌ H$go H$mT>m`Mo Vo g_Obo Zgob Va àmË`{jH$ XmIdmdo.
nÕVr- àW_ gd© _wbm§Zm EH${ÌVnUo gyMZm Úmì`mV. {MÌ H$mT>VmZm EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ Xya Xya ~gdmdo. EH$_oH$m§Zm
ñne© hmoUma Zmhr ho nmhmdo. _wbm§Zm nmbWo nSy>Z qH$dm hdo Vgo ~gyZ {MÌ H$mT>Ê`mMr nadmZJr Úmdr.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr Zoh_r {MÌ H$mT>VmZm EImÚm {df`mbm Yê$Z d S>moio CKS>o R>odyZ {MÌ H$mT>V AgVm.
AmO AmnU {MÌ H$mT>VmZm S>moio ~§X H$ê$Z g§JrV EoH$VmZm {MÌ H$mTm`Mo Amho. {MÌ H$mT>VmZm Zoh_rà_mUo
PmS>, S>m|Ja, gỳ © Aer {MÌo H$mT>m`Mr ZmhrV. g§JrVmÀ`m Vmbm_Ü`o g_ag hmoD$Z Ë`m Vmbmda {MÌ
H$mT>Uo _hÎdmMo Amho.' gdmªZm gyMZm g_Oë`mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
àH$ma- 1) Xwgè`m \o$arV S>moio CKS>o R>odyZ Ë`mM g§JrVmda {MÌ H$mT>m`bm gm§JVm `oB©b d XmoÝhr {MÌmVrb
\$aH$ ~KVm `oVrb.
2) gwédmVrbm WmoS>m doi S>moio CKS>o R>odyZ g§JrV EoH$m`bm gm§Jmdo d Z§Va S>moio ~§X H$ê$Z g§JrV
EoH$Vm EoH$Vm {MÌ H$mT>m`bm gm§Jmdo qH$dm WmoS>mdoi S>moio CKS>o R>odyZ d Z§Va S>moio ~§X H$ê$Z
{MÌ aoImQ>Ê`mg gm§Jmdo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm.?
♦ Agm Ioi Vwåhr AmYr Ioibm hmoVmV
H$m?
♦ {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$m` AS>MUr Amë`m?
♦ Vwåhmbm g§JrVmer g_ag hmoVm Ambo
H$m?
♦ g§JrV EoH$VmZm {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$m`
H$m` J§_Vr Pmë`m?
Zm|Xr- Mwi~wi H$aUmè`m d g_ag hmoD$Z
{MÌ H$mT>Umè`m _wbm-_wbtÀ`m Zm|Xr
¿`mì`mV.
***

1.8 _r H$moU?
CÔoe- ñne© g§doXZm dmT>dUo, ñ_aUeŠVrbm dmd XoUo, EImXr dñVy ñnem©dê$Z d AmH$mamdê$Z AmoiIUo.
gm{hË`- 10 dñVy CXm. noZ, ImoS>a~a, Q>moH$`§Ì, nopÝgb, H$mJX, {ego, ISy>, _moR>m ê$_mb.
doi- 45 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j Ioi, 20 {_. MMm©
n«{ejH$m§gmR>r- IoimÀ`m EH$ {Xdg AJmoXa _moR>m ê$_mb AmUÊ`m~m~V _wbm§Zm gyMZm Úmì`mV.
_wbm§Zm Z XmIdVm Xhm dñVy AmUyZ R>odmì`mV. (_wbm§À`m hmVmbm bmJVrb Aem Q>moH$Xma dñVy KoD$
Z`oV.) _wbm§Zm EH$_oH$m§er ~moby XoD$ Z`o.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ S>moio ~m§YmdoV.
gyMZm- "Vw_Mo gdmªMo S>moio ~m§Ybo AmhoV. H$m ~a§ ~m§Ybo AgVrb? _wbo "Am§Yir H$moqe~ra' dJ¡ao CÎmao
XoVrb. AmO S>moio ~m§YyZ AmnU doJù`m àH$maMm Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. _r Vw_À`m hmVmV EH$m_mJyZ
EH$ Aem dñVy XoUma Amho. Vwåhmbm dñVy {_imë`mda bjnyd©H$ Vr dñVy hmVmiyZ H$m` Amho ho bjmV
R>odm`Mo Amho. H$moUmbmhr gm§Jm`Mo Zmhr. dñVy hmVmiyZ Pmë`mda dñVy nwT>À`m _wbmH$S>o Úm`Mr Amho.
_J Vw_À`mH$S>o Xwgar dñVy `oB©b. Aem àH$mao EH$mnmR>monmR Xhm dñVy hmVmiyZ bjmV R>odm`À`m AmhoV.
H$moUrhr S>moio CKS>m`Mo ZmhrV. _r gm§{JVë`mZ§Va gdmªZr S>moio CKS>m`Mo AmhoV.
_r H$moU?/25

gd© dñVy XoD$Z Pmë`mda (gd© dñVy hmVmiyZ Pmë`mda) S>moù`mdarb ê$_mb H$mTy>Z AmVm gd©
dñVy§Mr Zmdo AmR>dVrb Ë`mà_mUo {bhm ~a§.
àH$ma :- 1. EH$m dñVyMo {d{dY àH$ma XoD$Z IoimMr H$m{R>Ê` nmVir dmT>dVm `oB©b.- CXm. - H$mJX,
h°ÝS>_oS> nona, ZmoQ>, H$mS>©~moS>©, MmQ©> nona, nm{H$Q>, dV©_mZnÌ, {J«qQ>J H$mS>©,nmoñQ>a, H°$b|S>a
2. {Xboë`m dñVy§À`m AmR>dVrb Ë`mà_mUo {MÌ H$mTy>Z Zmdo Úm`bm gm§Jmdo.
3. gwédmVrbm AmR>dVrb Vem dñVy§Mr Zmdo {bhmdrV. Z§VaÀ`m à`ËZmV AmoirZo {bhm`bm
gm§Jmdo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ àË`oH$ dñVyÀ`m ñnem©V H$m` doJionUm OmUdbm?
♦ dñVy§Zm ñne© H$aVmZm Vwåhmbm H$go dmQ>bo?
♦ Vwåhr dñVy H$em AmoiIë`m?
♦ dñVy AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhr H$m` {dMma Ho$bm?
♦ Vwåhr dñVy H$em bjmV R>odë`m?
♦ `m dñVy Vwåhr àË`j ~{KVë`m hmoË`m H$m?
♦ `m IoimMm BVa [R>H$mUr H$gm Cn`moJ hmoB©b?
♦ à{ejH$mZo ñ_aU H$m¡eë` V§Ìmda MMm© ¿`mdr.
♦ _wbm§Zm dñVyÀ`m AmH$mam~Ôb d ñnem©~Ôb \$aH$ H$gm OmUdob d dñVy H$er AmoiIVm `oB©b `mMm
{dMma H$gm H$amdm `m~Ôb MMm© ¿`mdr. dñVy bjmV R>odVmZm EH$_oH$m§er H$gm g§~§Y OmoS>bm?
Zm|Xr- OmñVrVOmñV dñVy AmoiIboë`m Am{U AmoirZo {b{hboë`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV. H$_r dñVy
AmoiIboë`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
26/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
MamMamVrb gd© eŠVtZmo, hr Am_wMr àmW©ZmŸ&
H$am Amåhmbm {Z^©` - {Z_©b, COiy Úm OrdZmŸ&&
ajU H$aUo `m g¥îQ>rMo, dmQ>o Amåhm A{V _mobmMoŸ&
__VoMr Am{UH$ g_VoMr, Úm Amåhm àoaUmŸ&&
{dÚoda {ZîR>m R>ody `m, CÚmoJmMr H$mg Yê$ `mŸ&
gmhg {eH$dm g§`_ {eH$dm, Am_wÀ`m `m OrdZmŸ&&
ZH$mo H$Yr Vmo Jd© `emMm ZH$mo H$Yr Amig H$m_mMmŸ&
Ûof Hw$UmMm ZH$mo H$Yrhr, \w$bdm ghOrdZmŸ&&
***

1.9 hm dmg H$emMm?
CÔoe- J§Y g§doXZ d ñ_aUeŠVrbm dmd XoUo. dñVyMm dmg AmoiIVm `oUo. H$emMm dmg KoVbm Vr dñVy
bjmV R>odVm `oUo. hdo Voìhm dñVyMo Zmd gm§JVm `oUo.
gm{hË`- S>moio ~m§Ym`bm _moR>m ê$_mb, doJdoJù`m dmgmMo 10 doJdoJio nXmW© doJdoJù`m dmQ>çm§_Ü`oo
qH$dm N>moQ>çm S>ã`m_Ü`o Úmdo. CXm. _moJè`mMr \w$bo, Vob, Xmb{MZr, dobMr, V_mbnÌ, {MIb, Am§~m,
Jwbm~mMr \w$bo, _gmbo, bgyU B.
doi : 45 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
n«{ejH$m§gmR>r- _moR>m ê$_mb AmUÊ`m~m~V _wbm§Zm AmXë`m {Xder gyMZm Úmì`mV. _wbm§Zm Z XmIdVm
10 doJdoJù`m dmgmÀ`m dñVy AmUyZ R>odmì`mV. _wbm§À`m ZmH$mV dñVy OmUma ZmhrV `mMr H$miOr
¿`mdr. _wbm§Zm EH$_oH$m§er ~moby XoD$ Z`o.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ S>moio ~m§YyZ KoÊ`mg gm§Jmdo.
gyMZm- àW_ IoimÀ`m gyMZm gm§{JVë`m OmVrb. gyMZm ZrQ> g_OyZ ¿`m`À`m AmhoV. hm Ioi S>moio
~m§YyZ Ioim`Mm Amho. S>moio ~m§Yë`mda Vwåhmbm H$mhr dmQ>çm {Xë`m OmVrb. Ë`m dmQ>çm_Ü`oo H$mhr dñVy
AgVrb. Ë`m dmQ>çmVrb dñVy§Zm hmV Z bmdVm d Z ~KVm Vr dñVy H$m` Amho ho H$go AmoiImb ~ao?
hm dmg H$emMm?/27

("dmg' ho CÎma _wbm§H$Sy>Z `oD$ Úmdo.) "dmgmZo' ~amo~a. _r Vwåhmbm EH$m _mJyZ EH$ dñVy Agboë`m dmQ>çm
XoUma Amho. Vwåhmbm Ë`m dmQ>çm§Vrb dñVy§Mm dmg ¿`m`Mm Amho d Vmo dmg bjmV R>odm`Mm Amho. "dmg'
KoD$Z Pmbm H$s Vr dmQ>r Vw_À`m nwT>À`m _wbmbm qH$dm _wbrbm Úm`Mr Amho. Aem EH$mnmR>monmR> EH$ 10
dmQ>çm {Xë`m OmVrb. gdmªMo gd© dmQ>çmVrb dñVy§Mo "dmg' KoD$Z Pmë`mda S>moù`mdarb ê$_mb H$mT>m`bm
gm§{JVë`mZ§Va dmg H$emH$emMo hmoVo Vo Ogo AmR>dVrb Vgo {bhm`Mo AmhoV. gdmªZm gyMZm ZŠH$s g_Oë`m
H$m? (_wbo "hmo' CÎma XoVrb) Mbm _J gdmªZr S>moio ~m§YyZ ¿`m, Ioimbm gwédmV H$ê$`m.'
àH$ma - EH$m àH$maÀ`m dñVyMo {d{dY àH$ma XoD$Z Amnë`mbm IoimMr H$m{R>Ê` nmVir dmT>dVm
`oB©b. CXm. doJdoJio _gmbo, doJdoJir \w$bo, doJdoJio ImÊ`mMo nXmW©, \$io B.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ Vwåhr dñVy H$em AmoiIë`m?
♦ Vwåhr gd© dñVy H$em bjmV R>odë`m?
♦ Vwåhr `m dñVy àË`j ~{KVë`m hmoË`m H$m?
♦ `m IoimMm BVa {R>H$mUr H$gm Cn`moJ H$aVm `oB©b?
Zm|Xr- H$moUH$moUË`m nXmWmªMo dmg _wbm§Zm AmoiIVm Ambo qH$dm Ambo ZmhrV `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
***
28/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
Q>mH$ a§ Oam ZOa
Q>mH$ a§ Oam ZOa Xyada _¡Vam
Ko hm Bemam Xo hm BemamŸ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
gOd VwP§ Ag§ gwaoI naS>§
JmoR>çmV Jm` AZ² A§JUmV H$aS>§
KmUrbm amoJmbm XoD$ ZH$mo WmamŸ&&1Ÿ&&
nwT>ë`m {nT>rbm Vy embm {eHy$Xo
_mZmZo OJÊ`mMo H$éXo Y§Xo
{Zamem Amig H$aVr nmo~mamŸ&&2Ÿ&&
VwÂ`m H$moR>mamV YmÝ`mÀ`m amer
JmdmV H$moUr Z amhr Cnmer
_§Jb EoŠ`mMm P|S>m C^mamŸ&&3Ÿ&&
gm¡»`mV ào_mV àgÝZ gma§
gmè`m§À`m {hVmM§ Kw_yXo dma§
XoemÀ`m hmHo$g hmo gÁO dramŸ&&4Ÿ&&

2. {MÝhmË_H$ Ioi
A§H$, Ajao, g§JrVmVrb {bnr, {MÝho d eãX hr {MÝhm§À`m _mÜ`_mMr CXmhaUo
AmhoV. `m {MÝhm§Zm ñdV:Mm Agm AW© Zgbm Var Amnë`m amoOÀ`m OrdZmV AZoH$
{MÝho, Ajao Cn`moJmV AmUë`mZo `m {MÝhm§Zm AW© àmßV hmoVmo. X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV
AZoH$ {MÝhm§Mm d Ajam§Mm Amnë`mer g§~§Y `oV AgVmo. J{UVmVrb {MÝho,
dmhVwH$sÀ`m {MÝhm§_YyZ añË`mMr ^mfm _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoUo, ñdV:Mr {MÝhmË_H$
^mfm V`ma H$ê$Z g§dmX gmYVm `oUo Ë`mgmR>r Aem àH$maÀ`m {MÝhmË_H$ _mÜ`_
g§dY©ZmgmR>r ho Ioi dmnaVm `oVrb.
{MÝhmË_H$ Ioi/29

2.1 {H$_`m R>í`m§Mr
CÔoe- gyú_ {ZarjU, H$ënZoVrb bd{MH$Vm, ~hþ{Xe {dMma B. j_Vm§Zm MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- H$moao H$mJX, nopÝgb, \$im, ISy>, ñdV:À`m hmVmMm A§JR>m
doi- 30 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 5 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r-{MÌ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r _yi AmH$ma ZdrZ Agë`mZo gwédmVrbm _wbm§Zm {MÌo gwMUma ZmhrV.
Ë`m_wio \$ù`mda H$mhr {MÌo H$mTy>Z XmIdmdrV qH$dm _yi AmH$mamVyZ H$er d H$moUVr {MÌo ~Zy eH$Vrb
`m~m~V MMm© H$amdr. H$mhr {MÌo \$ù`mda _wbm§H$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z ¿`mdrV. _wbm§da gw§Xa {MÌ H$mT>Ê`m~m~V
XS>nU AmUy Z`o.
nÕVr-\$ù`mH$S>o Vm|S> H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdUo. àË`oH$mbm H$moao H$mJX XoD$Z Imbrb gyMZm XoUo.
gyMZm- "Vwåhmbm {Xboë`m H$moè`m H$mJXmda WmoS>çm WmoS>çm A§Vamda Vw_À`m A§JR>çmMr ~mø aofm
H$mT>m`Mr Amho. `m AmH$mamnmgyZ OmñVrVOmñV AW©nyU© {MÌo H$mT>m`Mr AmhoV. hr Vw_Mr {MÌH$boMr
narjm Zmhr Ë`m_wio EH$mM {MÌmda OmñV doi Kmbdm`Mm Zmhr. OmñVrVOmñV {MÌo H$mT>Uo _hÎdmMo
Amho. {MÌ H$mTy>Z Pmë`mda {MÌmImbr Zmd Úm`bm {dgam`Mo Zmhr. `mgmR>r 15 {_{ZQ>o doi XoUma Amho.
~Kỳ mV OmñV {MÌo H$moU H$mT>V AmhoV Vo?'
àH$ma- 1. `mM A§JR>çmÀ`m ~mø aofoMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z _mUgm§Mr doJdoJiçm Mohè`mMr {MÌo H$mT>m`bm
gm§Jmdo. Aemhr nÕVrZo hm Ioi KoVm `oB©b.
2. XmoZ qH$dm VrZ A§JR>çm§À`m ~mø aofm§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z {MÌo H$mT>m`bm gm§JVm `oVrb.
3. \$ŠV àmUr qH$dm nú`mMr {MÌo H$mT>m`bm gm§Jmdo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ {MÌo H$er gwMbr?
♦ {MÌo gwMÊ`mgmR>r H$m` `wŠË`m Ho$ë`m?
♦ {MÌo H$mT>Ê`mV OmñV AS>MUr Amë`m
H$r, {MÌo AmR>dÊ`mV OmñV AS>MUr
Amë`m?
♦ OmñVrVOmñV {MÌo gwMÊ`mgmR>r H$m`
H$aVm `oB©b?
Zm|Xr- Zoh_rnojm doJiçm {MÌm§Mr d Vr
{MÌo H$mT>Umè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
30/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

2.2 ZjrXma \$aer
CÔoe- doJdoJù`m ^m¡{_{VH$ AmH$¥Ë`m§_YyZ Zjr V`ma H$aUo. AmH$ma {_VrMm {dMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m j_Vobm
MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- H$mJX, nopÝgb, nÅ>r B.
doi -40-45 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 10 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejHm§gmR>r- Ioi Mmby AgVmZm _wbm§Mo {ZarjU H$amdo. _wbo {Z`_ nmiVmV H$m Vo ~Kmdo. Ioi
KoÊ`mnydu n«{ejH$mZo ñdV: hm Ioi IoiyZ ~KUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
nÕVr- Xhm Vo ~mam _wbm§Mm JQ> H$ê$Z Ioi ¿`mdm.
gyMZm- "_wbm§Zmo, Vwåhr gd©OU {MÌ H$mT>Vm, H$moUH$moUVr {MÌo H$mT>Vm? (Mma Vo nmMOUm§À`m à{V{H«$`m
KoUo) AmO Vwåhmbm EH$ doJi§ {MÌ H$mT>m`M§ Amho. Vwåhmbm àË`oH$mbm EH$ H$mJX XoUma Amho. Ë`m
H$mJXmda Vwåhr 10 × 10 g|Q>r_rQ>aMo Mm¡ag AmIm`Mo AmhoV. Mm¡H$moZmV naV 2 × 2 g|_rMo Mm¡ag
H$mT>m. (Mm¡ag AmIÊ`mg gm§JUo d AmIyZ Pmë`mda) hm àË`oH$ Mm¡ag åhUOo EH$m ImobrVrb EH$
\$aer Amho Ago g_Om. Amnë`m Zoh_rÀ`m \$aem H$moUH$moUË`m AmH$mamV AgVmV? gmYmaUnUo Mm¡ag
hmo H$s Zmhr? ( eŠ`Vmo AmnU AmO Mm¡ag gmoSy>Z BVa AmH$mamÀ`m \$aem H$mT>m`À`m AmhoV.) Ë`mgmR>r
H$mhr AQ>r AmhoV.
1) nyU© Imobr^a gwg§JV Zjr {Xgmdr.
2) EH$m ImobrVë`m \$aergmR>r H$_rVH$_r XmoZ d OmñVrVOmñV VrZ AmH$ma dmnabo Var MmbVrb.
3) XmoZ \$aem§À`m _Ü`o \$Q> ([aH$m_r OmJm) amhmVm H$m_m Z`o. EH$gbJ, ì`dpñWV Zjr {Xgm`bm hdr.
ZjrXma \$aer/31

Vwåhmbm IoimgmR>r 20 {_{ZQ>o AmhoV. H$mJX AOyZ bmJbm Var _r XoB©Z. ~Ky `m AmnU {H$Vr doJdoJù`m
AmH$mamÀ`m \$aem H$mT>Vmo Vo. Mbm gwê$ H$ê$ `m.'
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$g§ dmQ>b§, AmYr Aem àH$mao {MÌ H$mT>b§ hmoV§ H$m?
♦ Zjr H$mT>V AgVmZm H$m` H$m` AmR>dV hmoV§, {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$m` H$m` AS>MUr Amë`m H$m?
♦ ImobrV \$aem ~gdVmZm H$gm {dMma Ho$bm?
♦ {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$emMr _XV KoVbr H$m?
♦ `mVyZ H$m` {Z_m©U Pmb§ Ag§ dmQ>V§?
♦ ImobrÀ`m ~mhoa H$mhr H$mT>mdogo dmQ>bo H$m?, a§Jdmd§ Ag§ dmQ>b§ H$m?
♦ Iyn H$mhr doJio H$mT>m`Mr BÀN>m Pmbr H$m?
Zmo§Xr- ZdrZ d OmñVrVOmñV ZjrXma \$aer H$mT>Umè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr H$amì`mV. _wbm§Zr H$mT>boë`m
Zjr g§J«hmgmR>r H$mTy>Z R>odmì`mV.
32/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
AmAmo ~ÀMm| Vwåh| {XImE§
***
AmAmo ~ÀMm| Vwåh| {XImE§ Pm§H$s qhXwñVmZ H$sŸ&
Bg {_Å>r go {VbH$ H$amo `o YaVr h¡, ~{bXmZ H$sŸ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
`h h¡ AnZm amOnwVmZm ZmO Bgo Vbdmam| naŸ&
BgZo AnZm OrdZm H$mQ>m ~aN>r Vra H$Q>mam| naŸ&&
`h àVmn H$m dVZ nbm h¡, AmOmXr Ho$ Zmam| naŸ&
Hy$X nS>r Wr `hm§ hOmamo n{Ù{Z`m§ A§Jmam| naŸ&&
~mob ahr h¢ H$U-H$U _| Hw$~m©Zr amOñWmZ H$sŸ& Bg {_Å>r go...Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
O{b`m± dmbm ~mJ `o XoImo `ht Mbr Wr Jmo{b`m§Ÿ&
`h _V nyN>mo {H$gZo Iobr `hm§ IyZ H$s hmo{b`m§Ÿ&&
EH$ Va\$ ~§XwH|$ XZ-XZ EH$ Va\$ Wr Q>mo{b`m§Ÿ&
_aZo dmbo ~mob aho§ Wo BÝH$bm~ H$s ~mo{b`m§Ÿ&&
`hm§ bJm Xr ~hZm| Zo ^r ~mOr AnZr OmZ H$sŸ& Bg {_Å>r go...Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
XoImo _wëH$ _amR>m|H$m `h, `hm§ {edmOr S>mobm WmŸ&
_wJbm| H$s VmH$V H$mo {OgZo Vbdmam| no Vmobm WmŸ&&
ha n~©V na AmJ bJr Wr ha nËWa EH$ emobm WmŸ&
~mobr ha-ha _hmXod H$s ~ÀMm ~ÀMm ~mobm WmŸ&&
dra {edmOr Zo aIr Wr bmO h_mar emZ H$sŸ& Bg {_Å>r go...Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

2.3 g§XoedmhH$
CÔoe- EH$mJ«Vm dmT>Uo, A^m{fH$ g§^mfU H$aVm `oUo, à{V^meŠVrg MmbZm {_iUo.
doi- 40 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 10 {_. MMm©
gm{hË`- H$mhr g§Xoe {b{hboë`m 4-5 {MÇ>çm. CXm. "AmO AmnU 10 \$ {gZo_mbm OmD$ `m.'
"CÚm Vw_À`mH$S>o nmhþUo `oUma AmhoV'.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- `m IoimV _wbo CËgmhmZo gh^mJr hmoVrb. na§Vw gwMZoZwgma IoimMo {Z`_ nmiÊ`m~m~V
_wbm§Zm AmR>dU H$ê$Z Úmdr. _wbo IoiVmZm X§Jm H$aVrb, ~mobÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVrb Ë`mH$S>o à{ejH$m§Zr
bj Úmdo. IoimMm CÔoe gmÜ` hmoVmo Amho Zm ho nmhmdo.
nÕVr- _wbm§Mo 2 JQ> nmS>mdoV. XmoÝhr JQ>m§Vrb EH$m _wbmZo/_wbrZo EH$ {MÇ>r CMbmdr d Ë`mdarb
g§Xoe Amnë`m JQ>mVrb _wbm§n`ªV AS>Wù`m§Zm Z Ow_mZVm d Z ~mobVm nmohmoMdmdm. EH$ gamd \o$ar KoD$Z
_J àË`j Ioimbm àma§^ H$amdm.
gyMZm- "AmnU Ho$boë`m XmoZ JQ>m§Zm "A' d "~' Aer Zmdo XoD$. AmVm "A' JQ>mÀ`m EH$m à{V{ZYrZo "~'
JQ>mV `oD$Z ~gmdo. "A' JQ>mÀ`m à{V{ZYrZo {Xboë`m {MÇ>çmVyZ EH$ {MÇ>r CMbmdr. Ë`m {MÇ>rVrb g§Xoe
_ZmV dmMmdm. g§Xoe Amnë`m "A' JQ>mn`ªV Z ~mobVm nmohmoMdm`Mm Amho "A' JQ>mVrb BVa _wbm§Zr Vmo
AmoiIm`Mm Amho. "~' JQ>mVrb _wbm§Zr hm g§Xoe nmohmoMdÊ`mV AS>Wio {Z_m©U H$am`Mo AmhoV.
g§XoedmhH$/33

g§Xoe nmohmoMdÊ`mgmR>r àË`oH$ JQ>mÀ`m à{V{ZYrbm nmM {_{ZQ>o {_iVrb. _mÌ, ho H$aVmZm-
"A' JQ>mÀ`m à{V{ZYrZo AWdm "~' JQ>mVrb H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo nañnam§Odi `oD$ Z`o. gdmªZr JwS>¿`mda
~gm`Mo Amho.
"~' JQ>mVrb gdmªZr Amboë`m à{V{ZYrnmgyZ {d{eîQ> A§Vamda ~gm`Mo Amho. à{V{ZYrbm hmVmZo AWdm
H$emZohr ñne© H$amd`mMm Zmhr qH$dm AmaS>mAmoaS>mhr H$am`Mm Zmhr nU AS>Wim {Z_m©U H$am`Mm Amho.
AS>Wim H$gm {Z_m©U H$am`Mm Ë`mda {dMma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhm§bm XmoZ {_{ZQ>o doi {Xbm OmB©b. gyMZm
gdmªZm g_Oë`m H$m? (g_Obo Zgë`mg nwÝhm g_OmdyZ gm§JUo)
hr \o$ar Pmë`mZ§Va JQ>m§À`m ^y{_H$m ~XbyZ nwÝhm Ioim`Mo Amho. g§Xoe nmohmoMdUmè`m JQ>mbm
`eñdr Pmë`m~Ôb 2 JwU {_iVrb Va AS>Wim AmUyZ g§Xoe Z nmoMy XoUmè`m JQ>mbmhr 2 JwU {_iVrb.'
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ `m IoimV gdm©V _hÎdmMr JmoîQ> H$m`?
♦ g§Xoe g_OyZ KoÊ`mV H$moUË`m AS>MUr Amë`m?
♦ Oo à{V{ZYr hmoD$ eH$bo ZmhrV Ë`m§Zr g§Xoe nmohmoMdÊ`mÀ`m H$mhr doJù`m nÕVr dmnaë`m
AgË`m H$m? H$moUH$moUË`m?
♦ Á`m§Zm g§Xoe nmohmoMdVm Ambm Ë`m§Zm H$m nmohmoMdVm Ambm?
({ZíM`, EH$mJ«Vm, {dM{bV Z hmoUo, B. _wio)
♦ _ZmV H$m` R>adbo?
♦ `m IoimMm amoOÀ`m Am`wî`mer d Aä`mgmer g§~§Y H$gm OmoS>Vm `oB©b?.
Zm|Xr- CËgmhmZo ^mJ KoUmar _wbo, doJdoJiçm nÕVrZo AS>Wio {Z_m©U H$aUmar _wbo. doJdoJiçm nÕVrZo
g§Xoe nmohmoMdUmar _wbo `m§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
à{V^mg§nÝZ ~wÕr hr pñWa, {ZpîH«$` ~wÕr Zìho.
{VMrhr dmT> hmoD$ eH$Vo. Vr Ho$di OÝ_OmV,
XodXÎm, {ZgJ©XÎm ZgVo. "`mo½` {ejUmZo'
~wÕrMm, à{V^oMm {dH$mg hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
- dm.{d.{d.n|S>go
("amîQ´>Xodmo ^d' _YyZ----gm^ma)
34/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

2.4 gmX -à{VgmX
CÔoe- _wŠV emar[aH$ hmbMmbr H$aVm `oUo, hmbMmbr d H«$_m§H$ `m§Mo ZmVo g_OyZ KoUo, ñ_aUeŠVsg dmd.
gm{hË`- _moH$ir OmJm
doi- 35 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j Ioi, 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- gyMZm§à_mUo H«$_m§H$ CÀMmaë`mZ§Va Ë`m Ë`m H«$_m§H$mer g§~§{YV Agboë`m H¥$Vr _wbo
H$aV AmhoV Zm `mH$S>o bj Úmdo.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm- "AmVm Amnë`mbm gJù`m§Zm EH$ N>mZgm Ioi Ioim`Mm Amho. _r Vwåhmbm H$mhr AmH$S>o
gm§JUma Amho Am{U Ë`m àË`oH$ AmH$S>çm§Zm EH$ {d{eîQ>> hmbMmb qH$dm H¥$Vr gm§JUma Amho. CXm. EH$
åhUOo C§M CS>r, 2 åhUOo hmV da H$aUo. (H¥$Vr H$ê$Z XmIdUo) Aem AmnU EHy$U nmM hmbMmbr R>ady
`m. Ë`mZ§Va _r Ooìhm EImXm AmH$S>m åhUoZ Voìhm Vwåhr Ëd[aV Vr hmbMmb H$am`Mr Amho. Á`mbm
hmbMmb H$aÊ`mgmR>r OmñV doi bmJob qH$dm Omo MwH$sMr hmbMmb H$arb Vmo JS>r ~mX hmoB©b. gdmªZm
Ioi H$gm Ioim`Mm g_Obo H$m? (g_Obo Zgë`mg nwÝhm g_OmdyZ XoUo)'
1 nmgyZ 10 n`ªV hmbMmbr gm§JyZ Pmë`mda gamdmgmR>r H$moUË`m H«$_m§H$mbm H$moUVr hmbMmb
Vo nwÝhm gm§JyZ Ioimbm gwédmV H$aVm `oB©b. gwédmVrbm H«$_mZo Omdo Z§Va H$mR>rÊ` nmVir dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r
AYbo _Ybo H«$_m§H$ ^am^a gm§Jmdo. 1 Vo 10 H«$_mZo \$ŠV hmbMmbr H$ê$Z XmIdmì`mV. 1 Vo 10 _Yrb
Hw$R>bo hr AmH$S>o gm§JyZ Ë`m gmR>rÀ`m hmbMmbr H$am`bm gm§Jmì`mV.
gmX -à{VgmX/35

MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ IoiV AgVmZm H$m` dmQ>bo?
♦ hmbMmb bjmV R>odÊ`mgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo?
♦ `m IoimMm Cn`moJ Hw$R>o Hw$R>o d H$em àH$mao H$amb?
Zm|Xr- naV naV MwH$m H$aUmar, bj XoD$Z Ioi IoiUmar d ZwgVmM X§Jm H$aUmar _wbo `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
PwH$ PwH$ PwH$..... (g§ñH¥$V JrV)
PwH$ PwH$ PwH$ Ap½ZaWmo@`§
Yy_ ebmH$m§ JJZo _w§M{VŸ&
YmdV² d¥j§ ní`o_......
_mVwbJ«m_§ JÀN>o_
JÀN>o_ _mVwbJ«m_§ JÀN>o_ Ÿ&&
_mVwbmZr __ Jm¡am§Jr,
_mVwbmZr __ Jm¡am§Jr &
Ho$ EVo ~mbm: Ho$ EVo ~mbm:?
h§...... hm:......Ÿ&&
^m{JZò Zm_m{Z H$W`o_² ..........
_mVwbJ«m_§ JÀN>o_ .......Ÿ&&1&&
_mVwbJ«m_mo _hmZ² _{h`mZ²,
_mVwbJ«m_mo _hmZ _{h`mZ&
ñdU©-aOV`mo ì`mnmam&&
ÑîQ>dm emo^m§ ní`o_.....
_mVwbJ«m_§ JÀN>o_ .......&&2&&
PwH$ PwH$ PwH$ Ap½ZaWmo@`§.......
***
36/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

2.5 J§_V A§H$m§er
CÔoe- J{UVmer _¡Ìr hmoUo d A§H$m§er g§~§{YV ~hþ{Xe {dMmam§Zm MmbZm XoUo.
gm[hË`-H$moao H$mJX, nopÝgb, \$im ISy> B.
doi -40-45 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 10 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 10{_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- eyÝ` CÎma `oUmè`m J{UVm§Mo Z_wZo OmñVrVOmñV H$ê$Z R>odUo. J{UV H$am`bm _wbo
H$§Q>mibr Var nU Ë`m§Zm CËgmhmZo IoimV gh^mJr H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. ñdV: Ë`m§À`m~amo~a ~gyZ H$m_ H$amdo.
gyMZm- "_wbm§Zmo, Vwåhmbm Zoh_rM AmYr J{UVo {Xbr OmVmV d Ë`m§Mr CÎmao H$mT>m`Mr AgVmV. AmO
Vwåhmbm J{UVmM§ CÎma gm§JUma Amho. Ë`m CÎmamMr Vwåhmbm AZoH$ J{UVo V`ma H$am`Mr AmhoV. 3,7,9,1
ho A§H$ KoD$Z Vwåhmbm hr J{UVo V`ma H$am`Mr AmhoV. Vwåhmbm +, -, ×, • d () `m nmM {MÝhm§Mm
dmna H$aVm `oB©b. _mÌ hr J{UVo gmoS>dë`mZ§Va J{UVmMo CÎma \$ŠV eyÝ`M `m`bm hdo. øm {Xboë`m
A§H d {MÝhm§Mm dmna EH$m J{UVmV OmñVrVOmñV XmoZ doim H$aVm `oB©b. J{UVo H$emnÕVrZo V`ma
H$am`Mr AmhoV ho ZŠH$s g_Obo Amho Zm?'
CXm. 1,3,7,9 ho A§H$
1) (7 + 3) + (-9 - 1) = 0 2) (3 × 3) - 9 = 0
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ àË`oH$ doir eyÝ` CÎma `oÊ`mgmR>r H$m` {dMma Ho$bm?
♦ H$moUVr gyÌo dmnabr?
♦ H$gm à`ËZ Ho$bm?
♦ hm Ioi Hw$R>o Hw$R>o Cn`moJr nS>ob?
Zm|Xr- OmñVrVOmñV J{UV H$aUmè`m _wbm§À`m, H$_r J{UV H$aUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
J§_V A§H$m§er/37

2.6 Q´>°{\$H$
CÔoe- _wbm§Zm dmhVwH$sÀ`m {Z`_m§Mr _m{hVr hmoUo d {MÝhm§~m~V ñ_aUeŠVr dmT>dUo.
gm{hË`- dmhVyH$ {Z`_m§gmR>r dmnaÊ`mV `oUmè`m {MÝhm§À`m nmQ>çm, MmQ>©nona, añVo AmIÊ`mgmR>r Q>on,
ISy>, _moH$ir OmJm.
doi - 40-45 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 10 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 10 {_. MMm©
à[ejH$m§gmR>r- _moH$ù`m OmJo_Ü`o AJmoXa Q>on bmdyZ nXnW (\y$Q>nmW), nmobrg C^o ahmÊ`mMr OmJm
{ZpíMV Agm AmamIS>m V`ma H$amdm. AmamIS>m H$mT>ë`mZ§Va àË`j _wbm§Zm Hw$R>ë`m _mJm©Zo d H$go
nmR>dm`Mo Vo R>adyZ R>odmdo. gd© _wbm§Zm EH$Ì ~gdmdo d EH${ÌVnUo dmhVwH$rÀ`m {Z`_m§Mr _m{hVr Úmdr.
`m gd© JmoîQ>r _wbm§Zm em§VnUo Ë`m§Zm g_Oon`ªV gm§Jmì`mV.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm EH$Ì ~gdmdo.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr añË`mdê$Z OmVmZm H$m` H$m` ~KVm? dmhZo, XwH$mZm§Mo \$bH$, _mUgo (Aer CÎmao _wbo
XoVrb.) ~amo~a ! `m gdmª~amo~a añË`mÀ`m H$S>obm, Mm¡H$mV dmhVwH$sMo {Z`_ Agboë`m {MÝhm§À`m
nmQ>çmnU AmnU ~KV AgVmo. `m dmhVwH$sÀ`m {MÝhm§À`m g§~§Yr Ioi AmO AmnU IoiUma AmhmoV.
àW_ _r Vwåhmbm dmhVwH$sÀ`m H$mhr {MÝhm§Mr _m{hVr XoVo. `m {MÝhmMm AW© Ë`m {R>H$mUr Amnë`mbm
dmhZo bmdVm `oVmV. `m {MÝhmMm AW© XmoÝhr ~mOyZo dmhZo MmbdmdrV. (Ë`mZ§Va _wbm§Zm dmhVyH$
{Z`_m§À`m {MÝhm§À`m ~mH$sÀ`m nmQ>çm XmIdyZ Ë`m§Mr _m{hVr Úmdr. dmhZmg ~§Xr, EH$m {XeoZo dmhVyH$,
XmoÝhr ~mOyZo dmhVyH$ ~§X, COdrH$S>o diy Z`o, S>mdrH$S>o diy Z`o, dmhZo bmdy Z`oV, [hadm {Xdm, bmb
{Xdm, Ho$ear {Xdm BË`mXr.) Vwåhmbm dmhVwH$sMr {MÝho H$ibr H$m? (Oê$a dmQ>ë`mg nwÝhm g_OmdyZ
gm§JUo) AmVm AmnU gJù`m§Zr {_iyZ EH Ioi Ioim`Mm Amho Ë`mgmR>r AmnU JQ> nmSy> `m.
38/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

n{hbm JQ>- nmMOU dmhVyH$ nmobrg AgVrb. Ë`m§À`mOdi H$moè`m {MÇ>çm AgVrb.
Xwgam JQ>- nmMOU nmXMmar AgVrb.
{Vgam JQ>- nmMOU dmhZo MmbdUmao AgVrb
(àË`oH$ _wbJm H$moU ~ZUma ho Ë`mbm H$iob Ago gm§JUo d AJmoXa V`ma Ho$boë`m
AmamIS>çmà_mUo Ioi gwê$ H$amdm.)
àË`j IoimMr OmJm XmIdyZ "Q>on Agbobr OmJm åhUOo nXnW d _Ü`o añVm' Ago XmIdmdo.
dmhVwH$sÀ`m {Z`_m§Mr _wbm§Zm àíZ {dMmê$Z COiUr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
Mm¡H$mV C^m Agbobm nmobrg dmhVwH$sMr {MÝho XmIdrb Ë`mà_mUo dmhZMmbH$mZo dmhZ
Mmbd`mMr AmhoV d nmXMmè`m§ZrnU Vgo Mmbm`Mo Amho. {MÝhm§Mm AW© AmR>dbm Zmhr Va
dmhZMmbH$§mH$Sy>Z d nmXMmè`m§H$Sy>Z MwH$m hmoVrb, Voìhm nmobrg dmhVwH$sMm {Z`_ _moS>bm åhUyZ {MÇ>r
XoB©b. EH$m _wbmH$S>o VrZ {MR²>R>çm O_ë`mg Ë`mbm {ejm XoÊ`mV `oB©b. `m S>ã`mVrb {MÇ>r CMbyZ
Ë`mda {b{hboë`m {ejoà_mUo {ejm ¿`mdr bmJob åhUyZ {Z`_ nmim. MwH$y ZH$m.'
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi AmdS>bm H$m?
♦ gd© {MÝho bjmV R>odVmZm H$mhr AS>MUr Amë`m H$m?
♦ `m IoimMm Cn`moJ àË`j añË`mdê$Z MmbV OmVmZm qH$dm gm`H$bdê$Z OmVmZm H$gm H$amb?
♦ IoiVmZm {Z`_ Z nmië`m_wio Vwåhmbm H$go dmQ>bo?
Zm|Xr :- H$moUH$moUVr {MÝho _wbm§À`m ghO bjmV am{hbr Am{U H$moUVr {MÝho OmñV doim gm§Jm`bm
bmJbr `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
***
Aœ åhUOo KmoS>m Ago H$moemV {b{hbobo AgVo. _wbm§Zm dmQ>Vo Aœ
eãXmMm AW© H$moemV {Xbobm Amho. nU Vo Iao Zìho. Aœ eãXmMm AW©
H$moemÀ`m ~mhoa V~oë`mV ~m§YyZ R>odbm Amho. Vmo H$moemV _mdUo eŠ` Zmhr.
Aœ åhUOo KmoS>m ho H$moemVbo dmŠ` BVHo$M gm§JVo - ""Aœ eãXmMm VmoM
AW© Amho Omo KmoS>m eãXmMm AW© Amho.'' Vmo H$moUVm? V~oë`mV OmD$Z nhm.
H$moemV ZwgVm n`m©`r eãX {Xbobm AgVmo.
nwñVH$mV AW© ahmV Zmhr, AW© g¥îQ>rV amhVmo, ho Ooìhm C_Oob Voìhm -
Iè`m kmZmMr Md H$iob.
- {dZmo~m ^mdo
("n§MH$moe {dH$mgmVyZ {ejU' _YyZ----gm^ma)
Q´>°{\$H$/39

2.7 AmoiIm nmhy AmoiIm
CÔoe-dñVy§Mo {ZarjU H$aVm `oUo, {ZarjU Ho$boë`m dñVyÀ`m AmH$mamMo dU©Z H$aVm `oUo. EImÚm
AmH$mamdê$Z dñVy AmoiIVm `oUo. gyú_ {ZarjU, g§dmX H$m¡eë` d [MÌñ_¥Vr B. j_Vm§Zm dmd.
gm[hË`- \$im, ISy>, noZ, nÅ>r, KS>çmi, Mî_m Aem àH$maÀ`m 10 dñVy, {nedr B.
doi -40-45 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_.MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- Ioi gwê$ H$aÊ`mAmYrM dñVy _wbm§Zm {XgUma ZmhrV Aem nÕVrZo {nedrV R>odUo.
_wbo Am_Mr {MÌH$bm Mm§Jbr Zmhr Aer Hw$aHw$a H$aVrb. hr {MÌH$boMr ñnYm© Zmhr ho _wbm§Zm g_OmdyZ
gm§Jmdo. `m IoimV _wbo doJdoJù`m àH$mao dñVyÀ`m AmH$mamMo dU©Z H$aVrb. H$mhr _wbm§Zm dU©Z H$aÊ`mV
AS>MU `oB©b. Ë`m§Zm {dMma H$aÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ Úmdo.
nÕVr- `m IoimgmR>r XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm AY©JmobmV \$ù`mH$S>o Vm|S> H$ê$Z ~gdmdo d nwT>rb gyMZm
Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "Vwåhmbm gJù`m§Zm {MÌo H$mT>m`bm AmdS>VmV Zm? AmO AmnU doJù`m nÕVrZo {MÌ H$mT>Uma
AmhmoV. Ë`mgmR>r EH$m JQ>mVrb XmoKm§Zr nwT>o `md`mMo Amho. AmYr {MÌ H$moU H$mT>Uma Vo AmnmngmV
R>adyZ ¿`m`Mo Amho. XmoKm§Zr \$ù`mH$S>o Vm|S> H$ê$Z C^o amhm`Mo Amho; XmoK§mn¡H$s EH$mZo ~mH$sÀ`m _wbm§Zm
dñVy Z XmIdVm EH$ dñVy `m {nedrVyZ ¿`md`mMr Amho. ({nedr XmIdyZ) Ë`m _wbmZo dñVyMo dU©Z
H$aVmZm BVa gd© _wbm§H$S>o nmR> H$ê$Z C^o amhm`Mo Amho. \$ù`mda {MÌ H$mT>Umè`m Vw_À`m {_Ìmbm/
_¡{ÌUrbm dñVyÀ`m AmH$mamMo dU©Z H$ê$Z gm§Jmd`mMo Amho. \$ù`mda H$mT>bobo {MÌ Xwgè`m JQ>mVrb
_wbm§Zr AmoiImd`mMo Amho. H$moUË`m JQ>mVrb _wbm§Zm OmñVrV OmñV dñVy bdH$a AmoiIVm `oVmV Vo
~Ky `m. gdmªZm gyMZm g_Oë`m H$m?'
40/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

àmË`{jH$- g_Om, Amnë`mbm `m {nedrVrb CXm. "KS>çmi' hr dñVy {Xbr Agob Va gmYmaUnUo
EH$ én`mÀ`m AmH$mamEdT>m Jmob H$mT>m. (\$ù`mda Jmob H$mT>Uo) Jmobm_Ü`o 12, 3, 6,9 AmH$S>o
{bhm. JmobmÀ`m _YyZ EH$ _moR>m d EH$ N>moQ>m ~mU H$mT>m. 12, 6 ho AmH$S>o {b{hbobo AmhoV VoWyZ
JmobmÀ`m ~mhoê$Z Jmobmbm {MH$Qy>Z XmoZ g_m§Va Cä`m aofm H$mT>m.' (àË`oH$ doir dU©Z H$aVmZm \$ù`mda
Vmo Vmo AmH$ma H$mT>Uo.) KS>çmimMo Ogo dU©Z Ho$bo OmB©b VemM àH$mao {MÌ H$mT>bo Va dñVy AmoiIÊ`mg
gmono OmB©b. H$ibo H$m dñVyÀ`m AmH$mamMo H$go dU©Z H$am`Mo Vo? (_wbm§Zm g_Oë`mZ§Va) AmVm Amnë`mH$S>o
`m {nedrV doJdoJù`m dñVy AmhoV Ë`mMo dU©Z n{hë`m JQ>mMo Pmë`mZ§Va Xwgè`m JQ>mZo Ago H$am`Mo
Amho. Mbm Va _J, AmnU Ioi gwê$ H$ê$ `m. (n{hë`m JQ>mVrb XmoZ _wbm§Zm ~mobmdyZ EH$mbm ISy> KoD$Z
\$ù`mOdi C^o H$amdo d Xwgè`mbm gdmªH$S>o nmR> H$ê$Z {nedrVrb EH$ dñVy XoD$Z Ioi gwê$ H$amdm.)
àH$ma- EH$ doim gdmªMm Ioi IoiyZ Pmë`mda Á`mZo dU©Z Ho$bo Ë`mbm, \$ù`mda AmH$ma H$mT>Ê`mg
gm§JUo d Á`mZo {MÌ H$mT>bo Ë`mbm dñVyMo dU©Z H$aÊ`mg gm§JUo. d`moJQ>mà_mUo dñVy§Mr H$m{R>Ê` nmVir
dmT>{dUo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ {MÌ H$mT>Umè`m _wbmbm dñVyMo dU©Z gm§JVmZm H$moUË`m AS>MUr Amë`m?
♦ {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$m` AS>MUr `oV hmoË`m? Ë`m AS>MUr H$_r hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$obo nm{hOo?
(MMm© g§dmXH$m¡eë`o dmT>dÊ`mH$S>o ¿`mdr.)
♦ dñVyMo `mo½` dU©Z H$aVm `oÊ`mgmR>r H$moUH$moUË`m JmoîQ>r bjmV ¿`mì`mV Ago Vwåhmbm dmQ>Vo?
♦ `m IoimV EImÚmg AmnUmg H$m` gm§Jm`Mo Vo `mo½` eãXm§V gm§JVm `oUo d Xwgè`mZo gm§{JVbobo
AmoiIVm `oUo `mg _hÎd XoD$Z Ë`mà_mUo MMm© H$amdr.
Zm|Xr- dñVyMo ZrQ> dU©Z H$ê$ eH$Umè`m d H$ê$ Z eH$Umè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr H$amì`mV. dñVy bdH$a
AmoiIUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr H$amì`mV.
àË`oH$ _yb H$mhr Zm H$mhr Mm§Jb§ H$aV AgV§.
Hw$Ur _mUgm§Mr H$miOr KoUma§ AgV§.
Hw$Ur AmZ§Xr AgV§. Hw$Ur bmKdr AgV§.
Hw$Ur H$îQ>miy AgV§. Hw$Ur em§V AgV§.
Hw$Ur ñdÀN> AgV§. _wbo H$m` Mm§Jb§ H$aVmV.
`mMm emoY àË`oH$mZ§ KoVbm nm{hOo. Ë`m§M§ H$m¡VwH$ Ho$b§ nm{hOo.
Amnë`m EImÚm Mm§Jë`m JwUmM§, dmJÊ`mM§ _XVrM§ Hw$Ur H$m¡VwH$
Ho$b§, H$s Amnë`mbm hr ~a§ dmQ>V§.
- emo^m ^mJdV
("Jmam§Mm nmD$g' _YyZ----gm^ma)
AmoiIm nmhÿ AmoiIm/41

2.8 {MÌnyVu
CÔoe- _mUgm-_mUgmÀ`m AmH$bZmVrb \$aH$, H$ënZmeŠVrMm {dH$mg, ~hw{Xe {dMma.
gm{hË`- \$im, ISy>, dhr, noZ
doi- 40 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 10 {_. MMm©
n«{ejH$m§gmR>r- EImXr dñVy _ZmV Yê$Z Ë`mVë`m AJXr WmoS>çmM ^mJmMm AmH$ma \$ù`mda H$mTmdm.
_wbm§Zm Amnë`m _ZmV H$m` H$mT>md`mMo Amho ho AmYr gm§Jy Z`o. dhrV {bhyZ R>odmdm.
nÕVr- \$ù`mg_moa _wbm§Zm AY©JmobmV ~gdmdo.
gyMZm- "n{hë`m§Xm _mÂ`m _ZmV _r EH$ dñVy YarZ. Ë`m dñVyMm WmoS>mgm ^mJ _r \$ù`mda H$mT>rZ.
Ë`mZ§Va AmoirZo àË`oH$ _wbmZo `oD$Z Ë`m dñVyMm nwT>Mm ^mJ H$mT>m`Mm Amho. àË`oH$mZo dñVyMm nwTMm ^mJ
H$mT>VmZm _r _ZmV Yabobr dñVy H$moUVr Agob `mMr H$ënZm H$amdr. dñVyMm WmoS>mgm ^mJ H$mTy>Z
Pmë`mda Vr dñVy H$moUVr Agob Ago Vwåhmbm dmQ>V Amho ho Vw_À`m dhrV {bhmdo. nU \$ù`mdarb
dñVyMo {MÌ gdmªZr {_iyZ V`ma H$am`Mo Amho. EH$ dñVy nyU© Pmbr H$s Vw_À`mVrb EH$m _wbmZo/_wbrZo
dñVy _ZmV Yamdr. gwédmVrbm dñVy _ZmV Yaboë`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo dñVyÀ`m WmoS>çmem ^mJmMo {MÌ \$ù`mda
H$mT>m`Mo Amho d ~mH$sÀ`m§Zr {MÌ nyU© H$ê$Z Vr AmoiIm`Mr Amho.
H$mhr gmono AmH$ma -CXm. àW_ H$mT>bobm AmH$ma
_ZmVbm AmH$ma
42/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ AJmoXaMo {MÌ H$m` Amho ho H$go R>adbo?
♦ {MÌ H$mT>VmZm H$m` {dMma Ho$bm ?
♦ n«Ë`oH$OU doJdoJù`m àH$mao {dMma H$aVmo ho H$ibo H$m?
(MM}©VyZ àË`oH$OU doJim {dMma H$aVmo, doJir H$ënZm H$aVmo ho _wbm§n`©V nmohmoM{dUo)
Zm|Xr- H$moUH$moUË`m _wbm§Zm ghO {MÌ H$mT>Vm d AmoiIVm Ambo `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
If a child lives with criticism
it learns to condemn
If he lives with hostility
If he lives with fight
If he lives with fear
it learns to be
apprehensive
If he lives with pity
it learns to feel
sorry
If he lives with jealousy
it learns to feel
guilty
If he lives with encouragement
it learns to be confident
If he lives with tolerance
it learns to be patient
If he lives with praise
it learns to be appreciative
If he lives with acceptance
it learns to love
Who am I?
(From 'Garancha Paus'----Thank You)
If he lives with approval
it learns to like
himself
If he lives with recognition
it learns to have a
goal
If he lives with fairness
it learns the value of
justice
If he lives with honesty
he learns the virtue of
truth
If he lives with security
it learns to have faith
in himself and others
If he lives with friendliness
it learns that the
world
is a good place in
which to live
- Dorothy Law Nelte
{MÌnyVu/43

3. ^m{fH$ Ioi
AmnU {dMmam§Mr XodmU-KodmU H$aÊ`mgmR>r, g§nH$m©gmR>r d g§dmXmgmR>r ^mfm
_mÜ`_mMm Cn`moJ OmñVrVOmñV H$aVmo. ^mfo_YyZ {dMmam§Mm Ame` ì`ŠV H$aUo d
{ZpíMV H$aUo gwb^ OmVo. ^mfoMm à_wI KQ>H$ åhUOo "eãX !' g§X^m©Zwgma d ^mdZoÀ`m
N>Q>oà_mUo Zo_H$m eãX gwMUo d `mo½` {R>H$mUr, `mo½` àH$mao eãX dmnaVm `oUo ho EH$
H$m¡eë` Amho. XmoZ eãXm§_Yrb, g§H$ënZo_Yrb Ame` g_OUo, OmoS>Vm `oUo Aem
j_Vm§~ÔbMo Ioi `m ^mJmV AmhoV.
~
Amamg
H$
***
44/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

3.1 eãX _Zmoam
CÔoe- {d{dY g§H$ënZm§_Yrb ZmVo OmoS>Uo, `mo½` eãX nQ>H$Z gwMUo. eãXg§nÎmr d empãXH$ ~hw{Xe
{dMma dmT>dUo.
gm{hË`- H$moao H$mJX, noZ/nopÝgb.
doi- 40 {_. 5 {_.nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_.àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- àW_ ñdV: _mJ©Xe©H$mZo 2-3 eãX _Zmoao Z_wÝ`mXmIb H$ê$Z R>odmdo. gmYmaU 8-9
_wbm§Mm EH$ JQ> Agmdm.
nÕVr- gd© _wbm§Zm JmobmV EH$Ì ~gdyZ ¿`mdo. àË`oH$mbm H$moam H$mJX Úmdm. _J nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmnU AmVm eãXm§Mm EH$ J§_VrXma Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. `m Ioim_Ü`o \o$è`m AgUma AmhoV.
n{hë`m \o$arV _bm n«Ë`oH$mZo Vwåhmbm gwMob Vmo eãX gm§Jm`Mm Amho. Vmo _r \$ù`mda {bhrZ (_wbo gm§JVrb)
AmVm ho eãX Vwåhr Vw_À`mH$S>rb H$mJX AmS>dm H$ê$Z {bhÿZ ¿`m. AmVm Ë`m eãXm§Zm H«$_m§H$ XoD$ `m
1,2,3,-----9. AmVm Xwgè`m \o$arV _mÂ`m COdrH$S>À`m _wbmZo n{hë`m XmoZ eãXm§er g§~§{YV EH$M
eãX gm§Jm`Mm Amho. (CXmhaUmgmR>r gmo~VMm _Zmoam nmhm) AemàH$mao 1 d 2 H«$_m§H$mÀ`m eãXm§er g§~§{YV
EH$ eãX gm§Jm`Mm Amho. Xwgè`mZo XmoZ d VrZ H«$_m§H$mÀ`m eãXm§er g§~§{YV EH$ eãX gm§Jm`Mm Amho. Vmo
eãX XmoÝhr eãXm§À`m _Ü`o nU da {bhm`Mm Amho Ago H$aV Xwgè`m \o$arVrb gd© eãX {bhÿZ Pmbo H$s
{Vgè`m \o$arH$S>o Om`Mo Amho. n«Ë`oH$ \o$arV EH$ eãX H$_r H$_r hmoD$Z eodQ>r da EH$ eãX `oB©n`©V Ioi
Ioim`Mm Amho. Ag§M nwT>À`m/nwT>À`m \o$arV OmV AmnU eodQ>r EH$ eãX `oB©n`©V _Zmoam nyU© H$am`Mm Amho.
EH$Xm gm§{JVbobm eãX naV gm§Jm`Mm Zmhr. eãX gm§JVmZm \$ma {dMma H$am`Mm Zmhr. Vwåhmbm {_imboë`m
XmoÝhr eãXm§er g§~§{YV Agm Omo eãX MQ>H$Z² gwMob Vmo gm§Jm`Mm Amho Am[U Vmo eãX Amnë`mbm H$m
gwMbm hogwÕm gm§Jm`Mo Amho.' CXm. Og§ 1) hmoS>r 2) H$mM
`m XmoÝhter g§~§{YV OhmO-H$maU OhmOmVë`m {IS>Š`m§Zm
H$mMm AgVmV.
\o$ar-5
^m§S>U
\o$ar-4 _mam_mar Ja_
\o$ar-3 `wÕ nmUr Km_
\o$ar-2 OhmO aŠV VhmZ gỳ §©
\o$ar-1 hmoS>r H$mM _wbJm ZXr nyd©
1 2 3 4 5 ...9
eãX _Zmoam/45

àH$ma- 1) àW_ gdmªZr {_iyZ EH$Ì EH$ _Zmoam H$aUo.
2) Mma Mma _wbm§Mm JQ> H$ê$Z _Zmoam V`ma H$ê$Z JQ>mg_moa gmXa H$am`bm gm§JUo.
3) ñdV§ÌnUo àË`oH$mbm _Zmoam H$am`bm gm§JUo.
4) _Zmoè`mVrb eodQ>Mm eãX XoD$Z ~mH$sMm _Zmoam V`ma H$am`bm gm§JUo.
5) {df` qH$dm EImXr g§H$ënZm XodyZ _Zmoam H$aVm `oB©b.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ eãXmMm _Zmoam H$aVmZm n{hë`m \o$arVyZ Xwgè`m \o$arV OmVmZm eãX H$go gwMbo?
♦ Aem Ioim_YyZ Vwåhmbm H$moUH$moUVo \$m`Xo hmoVrb Ago dmQ>Vo?
♦ `m IoimMm Cn`moJ Hw$R>o Am{U H$gm H$amb?
♦ Ioi JQ>m_Ü`o IoiVmZm _Om Ambr H$s EH$Q>çmZo IoiVmZm _Om Ambr?
Zm|Xr- {d{dY g§H$ënZm§Zm Yê$Z eãX gm§JUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV. JQ>mZo V`ma Ho$boë`m eãX
_Zmoè`m§Mo g§H$bZ H$amdo.
{nVm dm[a`m Vo... (n§Om~r JrV)
{nVm dm[a`m Vo... bmb Mmao dmao
Amo qhX Voar emU ~Xbo &&Y¥&&
{nVmOr Ýhm§Xo "VoJ ~hmXya'
_m± "JwOar' Xo OmE&&2&&
OZ_ JwamUXm nÅ>U gm{h~Xm
AmZ§Xnya S>oao bmE&&1&&
Zrbm KmoS>m ~m±H$m OmoS>m
hW{dM ~mP gwhmE&&3&&
Mbmo ^mB©`m| Mbmo XaeZ H$[aE...
Mbmo dra Mbmo XaeZ H$[aE...
Jwê$ JmoqdXqgJ AmE&&
46/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

3.2 eãX Q>mir
CÔoe- eãXg§nÎmrbm, ~hw{Xe {dMmambm MmbZm, EH$mJ«VoZo H$m_ H$aUo d empãXH$ ñ_aU.
doi- 25 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 10 {_. àË`j Ioi, 5 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _w»` {df`mg§~§YrÀ`m - "eãXm§Mr' `mXr H$ê$Z R>odUo, d`moJQ>mà_mUo _w»` {df`mMr
H$m{R>>Ê` nmVir dmT>dmdr.
nÕVr- EH$_oH$m§Zm Q>mù`m XoVm `oVrb Aem àH$mao _wbm§Zm ì`dpñWV JmobmV C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm- "gJù`m§Zr Amnbm COdm hmV nwT>o H$ê$Z d S>mdm hmV _mJo R>odyZ C^o amhm. AmVm Amnë`mbm
Amnë`m eoOmarb COì`m ~mOyÀ`m _wbmbm {H§$dm _wbrbm eãX CÀMmê$Z Q>mir Úmd`mMr Amho. hm eãX
EImÚm {d{eîQ>> {df`mer g§~§{YV Agob. CXm. "AdH$me' {df` KoVbm Va Ë`mg§~§YrV M§Ð, J«h,
Mm§XÊ`m Ago eãX `oVrb. `mV {deofZm_mMm (ì`pŠVÀ`m ZmdmMm) g_mdoe H$ê$ ZH$m. Á`mÀ`m hmVmda
Q>mir {Xbr OmB©b Ë`mZo nwT>rb eãX CÀMmam`Mm Amho. Q>mir XoUo d eãX CÀMmaUo `m XmoÝhrhr H¥$Vr
EH$Ì ìhm`bm hì`mV. EH$Xm gm§{JVbobm eãX nwÝhm gm§{JVbm Va MmbUma Zmhr. XmoÝhrhr H¥$Vr EH$Ì Z
H$aUmar _wbo [H§$dm \$ma OmñV doi a|JmiyZ eãX gm§JUmar _wbo/_wbr IoimVyZ ~mX hmoB©b. `mM àH$mao
AZoH$ _w»` eãX IoimgmR>r KoVm `oVrb. CXm.nmD$g, `wÕ, {ZgJ©, {H«$Ho$Q >B.'
Aem àH$mao H$mhr \o$è`m KoVë`mZ§Va _wbm§_Ü`o A{YH$ CËgmh dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r Q>mir H$moUmbm
Úm`Mr, S>mdrH$S>À`m _wbmbm H$s COdrH$S>rb _wbmbm, ho Q>mir XoUmè`m _wbmZo R>adm`Mo Amho.
hm n`m©` XoD$Z Ioi KoVë`mg _wbo A{YH$ bjnyd©H$ Ioi IoiVrb.
nmD$g
eãX Q>mir/47

àH$ma- {d{eîQ> {df` KoD$Z Ioi KoVm `oB©b- B{Vhmg, ^yJmob, emñÌ
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi AmdS>bm H$m?
♦ eãX bdH$a AmR>dÊ`mgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo?
♦ `m IoimVyZ H$moUË`m JmoîQ>rbm dmd {_iob, Ago dmQ>Vo?
Zm|Xr- d¡{eîQ>çnyU© eãX gm§JUmè`m _wbm§Mr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
Wanderer’s Song!
I love to go for wandering,
Along the mountains high
And as I go I Love to sing
My knapsack on my back.
Vallary...Vallara...Vallara...Vallara...ha...ha...ha...ha...ha
Vallary Vallara my knapsack on my back.
I love to wander by the streams,
That dancing in the Sun
So joyously they call to me
Come join our happy song
Vallary Vallara my knapsack on my back.
May I always laugh and sing,
Until the day I die,
May I always laugh and sing,
Beneath the clear blue sky,
Vallary Vallara my knapsack on my back
48/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

3.3 dmŠ`mnmgyZ eãX ~Zdm
CÔoe-empãXH$ Am{U ^m{fH$ ~hw{Xe {dMmaj_Vobm MmbZm {_iUo.
doi- 45 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- dmŠ`m§nmgyZ eãX à{ejH$m§Zr AmYrM V`ma H$ê$Z R>odmdo.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr Zoh_r eãXm§Mr A§Ë`mjar [Ḧ§$dm ^§oS>çm IoiVm. (_wbo hmo åhUVrb.) AgmM EH$ eãXm§Mm
Ioi AmVm AmnU IoiUma AmhmoV. _r Vwåhmbm EH$ dmŠ` gm§JUma Amho. Ë`m dmŠ`m_Yë`m Ajam§Mm
dmna H$ê$Z Vwåhr ZdrZ eãX V`ma H$am`Mo AmhoV. eãX V`ma H$aVmZm dmŠ`m_Yrb eãX Oer AmhoV.
Ajam§Mo H$mZo, _mÌm, dobm§Q>çm, D$H$ma Z ~XbVm Ajao dmnê$Z eãX V`ma H$am`Mo AmhoV. gyMZm ZrQ>
g_Oë`m H$m? (gyMZm g_Oë`mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z Ioi gwê$ H$amdm.)'
CXm. _r AmO gH$mir am_ajm åhQ>br Amho.
Amgam, ajm, am_, H$mir, g_rjm, Ambr, Oa, jma, åhg B.
I want drinking water.
ant, king, ring, raw, wing, wander, take
Xwgè`m \o$arV H$_rVH$_r Mma Vo nmM Ajam§Mo eãX AgmdoV Aer AQ> Kmbmdr. `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm
15 {_{ZQ>m§Mm doi Úmdm.
dmŠ`mnmgyZ eãX ~Zdm/49

àH$ma- Xwgè`m àH$mamV AmnU dmŠ`mVrb Ajam§Mm H$mZm, _mÌm dobm§Q>r ~XbyZ eãX V`ma H$am`Mo AmhoV.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ eãX {H$Vr H$ê$ eH$bmV?
♦ eãX V`ma H$aVmZm H$m` AS>MUr Amë`m?
♦ OmñV eãX `oÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$aVm `oB©b?
♦ `m IoimMm Cn`moJ Vwåhmbm H$gm hmoD$ eHo$b?
Zm|Xr- OmñVrVOmñV eãX {b{hUmè`m d H$_r eãX {b{hUmè`m _wbm§Mr Zmdo {bhmdrV.
Vy qOXm h¡ Vmo...
Vy qOXm h¡ Vmo qOXJr H$s OrV no `H$sZ H$a...
AJa H$ht h¡ ñdJ© Vmo CVma bm O_rZ na...
Vy qOXm h¡Ÿ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
`o J_ Ho$ Am¡a Mma {XZ, {gV_ Ho$ Am¡a Mma {XZ
`o {XZ ^r OmE±Jo JwOa, JwOa J`o hOma {XZ
Am Am Am - Amo@ Amo@ Amo@
H$^r Vmo hmoJr Bg M_Z no ^r ~hma H$s ZOa
AJa H$ht h¡ ñdJ©---Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
hOma doe YaHo$ Am`r, _m¡V Voao Ûma na...
_Ja VwPo Z Nw> gH$s Mbr J`r dmo hma H$a...
Am Am Am Amo@ Amo@ Amo@
ha EH$ gw~h Ho$ g§J g§J {_br VwPo Z`r C_a
AJa H$ht h¡ ñdJ©---Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
gw~h Ho$ em_ Ho$ a§Jo hwE JJZ H$mo My_H$a...
Vy gyZ, O_rZ Jm ahr h¡, H$~go Py_ Py_ H$a...
Am Am Am Amo@ Amo@ Amo@
Vy Am _oar qgJma H$a, Vy Am _wPo hgrZ H$a...
AJa H$hr h¡ ñdJ©---Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
50/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

3.4 eãXdoY
CÔoe- _wbm§À`m empãXH$ EH${Xe {dMmaeŠVrbm MmbZm {_iUo, doJdoJù`m empãXH$ g§H$ënZm g_OUo.
gm[hË`- H$moao H$mJX, nopÝgb, nmM gwQ>o eãX {b{hboë`m {MÇ>ç§mMm (bmJVrb VodT>çm) EH$ g§M Ago
AZoH$ eãXm§Mo g§M, CÎmamMr gyMr, \$im, ISy> B.
doi- 40 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j doi, 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- doJdoJù`m g§H$ënZm§À`m g§X^m©Vrb nmM eãXm§Mm g§M d Ë`mMr CÎmao Agbobr gyMr
V`ma R>odmdr. H$mhr \o$è`m Pmë`mda _wbm§H$Sy>Z Ioi nwT>o ZoVm `oB©b Ago Ë`m§Zm àmoËgmhZ Úmdo.
eŠ` Pmë`mg {d{eîQ> {df` KoD$Z hm Ioi Ioimdm.
nÕVr- XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z \$ù`mH$S>o Vm|S> H$ê$Z ~gdmdo d nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "_mÂ`mH$S>o eãX {b{hboë`m {MÇ>>çm§Mo H$mhr g§M AmhoV. àË`oH$ g§MmV 5 {MÇ>çm AmhoV.
àË`oH$ {MÇ>rda EH$ EH$ eãX {b{hbobm Amho. EH$m g§MmVrb `m nmMhr eãXm§Zm {_iyZ Ë`m eãXm§er
g§~§{YV Agm "EH$M' eãX Vwåhmbm gm§Jm`Mm Amho. àË`oH$ JQ>mbm _r {MÇ>çm§Mm EH$-EH$ g§M XoB©Z.
àË`oH$ doir Ë`m CKS>yZ Ë`mVrb eãX JQ>mVrb EH$mZo \$ù`mda {bhm`Mo qH$dm _moR>çmZo dmMm`Mo
AmhoV. Xwgè`m JQ>mZo Ë`m nmM eãXm§À`m g§X^m©Vrb eãX d g§H$ënZm AmoiIm`Mr Amho. CÎma EH$M
eãX AgUma Amho. AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r nmM doim g§Yr {Xbr OmB©b. gyMZm g_Oë`m H$m? Mbm eãXm§Mm
doY KoD$ `m.' CXm. H$m~©Z S>m`Am°ŠgmB©S>, JXu, Yya, dmhZ, JwX_aUo - àXyfU
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo- Ioi IoiyZ
Pmë`mda Imbrb _wÚm§À`m AmYmamda
MMm© KoVm `oB©b-
♦ Ioim_Ü`o ZdrZ Ag§ H$m` hmoV§?
♦ eãX AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r H$gm H$gm
{dMma Ho$bm?
♦ AMyH$ eãX AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r
H$moUË`m `wŠË`m§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm?
♦ `m IoimMm Cn`moJ Vwåhmbm H$moR>o
H$moR>o H$aVm `oB©b? H$gm?
♦ Agm Ioi Vwåhmbm Vw_À`m
{_Ìm~amo~a IoiVm `oB©b H$m?
Zm|Xr- Ioi IoiVmZm nQ>H$Z CÎma
XoUmè`m, CÎma Z XoUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr
¿`mì`mV.
eãXdoY/51

3.5 Oa Am{U Va
CÔoe- eãX hmVmiÊ`mg d Ë`mVyZ AmZ§X KoÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aUo.> {Xboë`m eãXmnmgyZ dmŠ` gwMUo.
gm{hË`- {MÇ>r {b{hÊ`mgmR>r H$moao H$mJX, nopÝgb, "Oa' {b{hbobo EH$ d "Va' {b{hbobo EH$ Aer
XmoZ ImoH$s.
doi- 40 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- n«{ejH$m§Zr _wbm§Zm dmŠ` {b{hÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. "Oa - Va' Mo dmŠ` dmMVmZm
hmoUmè`m {dZmoXmMm AmZ§X _wbm§Zm KoD$ Úmdm.
nÕVr- _wbm§Mo "A' d "~' Ago 2 JQ> V`ma H$aUo XmoÝhr JQ>m§Vrb _wbm§Zm {MR²>R>>>çm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmnU AmVm EH$ Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. Ë`mgmR>r gdmªZm {MR²>R>çm XoVo. àË`oH$mbm {MÇ>>çm
{_imë`m H$m? AmVm "A' JQ>mVrb _wbm§Zr "Oa' nmgyZ gwê$ hmoUmar d "~' JQ>mVrb _wbm§Zr "Va' nmgyZ
gwê$ hmoUmar dmŠ`o {MÇ>rda {bhm`Mr AmhoV. dmŠ`o AnyU©M Agbr nm{hOoV. CXm. "Oa nmD$g nS>bm...'
qH$dm "... Va Amåhr ^oi ImD$'. Vw_Mr dmŠ`o {bhyZ Pmbr H$s "Oa' Mr dmŠ`o "Oa' À`m ImoŠ`mV
(ImoHo$ XmIdUo) d "Va' Mr dmŠ`o "Va'À`m ImoŠ`mV Q>mH$mdr. Vwåhmbm Oer dmŠ`o gwMVrb Ver nU
AW©nyU© dmŠ`o {bhm. Z§Va EHo$H$m JQ>mVrb EHo$H$mZo qH$dm OmoS>rZo nwT>o `oD$Z EH$mZo "Oa 'ImoŠ`mVrb EH$
{MÇ>r CMbyZ d Xwgè`mZo "Va ' À`m ImoŠ`mVrb {MÇ>r CMbyZ ¿`mdr. AmYr "Oa' Mr {MÇ>r dmMmdr
Z§Va "Va ' Mr {MÇ>r dmMmdr. H$m` J§_Vrera dmŠ`o ~ZVmV Vo nmhy Am{U Ë`mMm AmnU AmZ§X KoD$.'
àH$ma- 1) "Oa' Mr dmŠ`o V`ma Ho$boë`m _wbm§Zm Z§Va "Va' Mr dmŠ`o V`ma H$am`bm gm§JmdrV Am{U
"Va' Mr dmŠ`o V`ma Ho$boë`m§Zm Z§Va "Oa' Mr dmŠ`o V`ma H$am`bm gm§JmdrV.
52/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

2) "Oa' d 'Va' Mr dmŠ`o EH$mM _wbmZo XmoZ doJdoJù`m {MR²>R>çmda {bhmdrV. Z§Va "Oa' À`m
gd© {MÇ>>çm EH$Ì H$amì`mV d "Va' {MR²>R>çm EH$Ì H$ê$Z Z§Va EH$mZo "Oa'Mr {MÇ>r d
Z§Va"Va' Mr {MÇ>>r dmMmdr.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ dmŠ`o bdH$a gwMbr H$m?
♦ dmŠ`o V`ma H$aVmZm H$m` H$m` {dMma Ho$bmV?
♦ dmŠ`o {b{hVmZm H$moUH$moUË`m AS>MUr Amë`m?
♦ dmŠ`o dmMVmZm H$moUH$moUË`m J§_Vr Pmë`m?
♦ g§X^© Z OwiUmar dmŠ`o EoH$VmZm H$go dmQ>bo?
Zm|Xr- dmŠ`o {b{hVmZm _wbm§À`m H$m` à{V{H«$`m hmoË`m? `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr. dmŠ`o dmMVmZm J§_Vera
dmŠ`mbm _moH$ionUmZo hgyZ à{V{H«$`m XoUmè`m {H$§dm {dZmoX Pmbm Var e§mVnUo ~gyZ amhUmè`m _wbm§À`m
Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV. EHy$U dmŠ`m§_Yrb Ame`m~Ôb {bhmdo.
Oo {ejU {dÚmÏ`m©g ñdmdb§~r ~Zdy eH$Vo, Vo Iao {ejU.
{ejUmÛmam {Ì{dY ñdmdb§~Z gmYmd`mg hdo.
{ejUmV H$moUVm Zm H$moUVm CÚmoJ {eH${dbm nm{hOo H$s,
Á`m_wio {dÚmWu ñdV:À`m nm`mda C^m amhrb. emar[aH$ n[al_
H$am`bm hdo. Ë`m_wio CËnmXZhr dmT>ob, Amamo½`hr gwYmaob Am{U
EH$ {Zam_` g_mO {Z_m©U hmoB©b. {dÚmWuhr ñdV:hr ñdV§Ì ~Zob.
{ejUmMo Xwgao Ü`ò ho Agmd`mg nm{hOo H$s, {dÚmÏ`m©Mr
~wÕr ñd`§^y ~Zob Am{U Vmo ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma H$ê$ eHo$b. Á`m_wio
ñdV§ÌarVrZo AÜ``Z H$aÊ`mMr eŠVr `oB©b.
{Vgao ñdmdb§~Z åhUOo {dÚmÏ`mªZm ñdV:À`m B§{Ð`m§da Am{U
ñdV:À`m _Zmda Vm~m R>odm`bm {eH$dUo. OrdZmV g§`_, d«V, godm
BË`mXtMo H$m`© {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eH${dbo nm{hOo.
- {dZmo~m ^mdo
("kmZ Vo gm§JVmo nwÝhm' _YyZ----gm^ma)
Oa Am{U Va/53

3.6 emoY H$ënZm§Mm
CÔoe- g_ñ`m {ZamH$aU H$aVmZm _wŠV H$ënZm{dbmg V§ÌmMm dmna H$aUo. empãXH$ ~hþ{Xe {dMmambm
MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- nopÝgb, H$moao H$mJX.
doi- 40-45 {_. 5 {_.nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r - _mJ©Xe©H$mZo ñdV: g_ñ`§mMr `mXr H$ê$Z R>odmdr. _wbm§H$Sy>Z Amboë`m g_ñ`§mda
gwÕm MMm© ¿`mdr.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ, H$mJX dmQy>Z nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV. EH$m doiog EH$M _wbJm qH$dm
_wbJr ~mobob `m JmoîQ>rMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z Úmdr.
gyMZm- "H$mhr doim Amnë`m Zoh_rÀ`m H$m_mV AMmZH$ AS>MUr `oV AgVmV. H$moUË`m ~ao AS>MUr
`oV AgVmV? gm§Jm ~Ky (à{V{H«$`m ¿`mì`mV) AmVm _r Vwåhmbm gdmªZm EH$ g_ñ`m XoUma Amho. Amnë`mbm
Vr g_ñ`m Ambr Amho Aer H$ënZm H$ê$Z Vr H$em àH$mao gmoS>dVm `oB©b? g_ñ`m gmoS>dÊ`mMo {OVHo$
Cnm` Vwåhmbm gwMVrb {VVHo$ Cnm` Vwåhr H$mJXmda {bhm`Mo AmhoV. ho Cnm` {H$Vrhr doJio, {H$Vrhr
^ÝZmQ>, J§_Vera Agbo Var {bhyZ R>odm. Z§Va EH$ Cnm` EH$m dmŠ`mV {bhm. {dMma H$aVmZm Oo Cnm`
gwMVrb Vo {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhmbm 15 {_{ZQ>o doi {Xbm OmB©b. OmñVrV OmñV doJù`m d ^ÝZmQ>
H$ënZm H$moUmbm gwMVrb ho nmhy `m.'
54/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

g_ñ`m- 1) AmnU gd© KamVrb _§S>ir ghbrbm Mmbbmo AmhmoV Am{U dmQ>oV Amnbr JmS>r ~§X
nS>br Amho.
2) Vwåhr Ioim`bm OmÊ`mgmR>r {_ÌmMr dmQ> ~KV C^o AmhmV Am{U Vw_Mm {_Ì ~amM doi
Pmbm Var Ambobm Zmhr.
3) narjoÀ`m doir Aä`mg H$aVmZm amÌr AMmZH$ {Xdo Jobo.
4) Jmdmbm OmVmZm _mo~mB©b Kar {dgabm.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ g_ñ`m gmoS>dVmZm H$m` H$m` d H$gm H$gm {dMma Ho$bm?
♦ IoimVyZ H$mhr ZdrZ JmoîQ>r, H$ënZm gwMë`m H$m? H$moUË`m gwMë`m? Ë`mda MMm© H$am.
♦ Vwåhmbm H$moUH$moUË`m g_ñ`m `oVmV.
♦ AmÎmmn`ªV EImXr g_ñ`m J§_VeranUo gmoS>{dbr Amho H$m?
Zm|Xr- g_ñ`oVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mgmR>r ^ÝZmQ> H$ënZm gwMdUmè`m _wbm§Mr, OmñV H$ënZm gwMdUmè`m
Am{U H$_r H$ënZm gwMdUmè`m _wbm§Mr Zmo§X ¿`mdr. ^ÝZmQ> H$ënZoÀ`m nU Zm|X ¿`mì`mV.
Amo Mobw{dZ (H$ÝZS> JrV)
Amo Mobw{dZ _w{ÔZ _ŠH$io...
_Zo _Zò A§Ji{X Aa{iê$d hydwJio
ZmS>o{XZ Zm{S>XZw ZS>ogwdê$ ZrdwJio &&Y¥Ÿ&&
VÝXo Vm{` ho{iX ar{V ZS>ò bw ~oHw$
embò Jwê$Jiw H$mbr{gX nmR>m> H${b`bw ~oHy$
XmoS²>S>>dapëb ^pŠV Jm¡ad Vmoabw ~oHw$
ZS>oZw{S>`pëb gË`d`oÝXw nm{bg ~oHw$ && 1Ÿ&&
ñZo{hVapëb àr{V` Vmo[a gmoXa ^mddo Zmo{S>
gmo_[a`mJXo H$mo{Å>X Ho$bgdy VßnXo _m{S>
`mao AmJbr H$îQ>>XëbrÔao ghm` hñVd Zr{S>
^oXd VmoaoXw§ ~m{i[a EÝXw `ëbê$ AmoÝXw Hw${S>Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
emoY H$ënZm§Mm/55

3.7 emoYm-emoYm ! gUm§Mr Zmdo emoYm !
CÔoe- _wbm§Mm eãXg§J«h> dmT>dUo, eãXñ_¥Vr dmT>Uo, ~hþ{Xe ^m{fH$ {dMmambm MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- H$mJX, nopÝgb, \$im, ISy>, gUm§Mr Zmdo XS>bobr dmŠ`o B.
doi- 35 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 5 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- IoimAJmoXa gd© gUm§Mr Zmdo _wbm§Zm {dMmê$Z H$moUH$moUVo gU AgVmV Ë`mMr MMm©
H$amdr. ^mfo_Ü`o ag Zgboë`m _wbm§Zm hm Ioi H§$Q>midmUm dmQÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. Aemdoir `m _wbm§À`m
~amo~a ~gyZ dmŠ` V`ma H$aÊ`mg _XV H$amdr. Ioir_oirÀ`m dmVmdaUmV Ioi ¿`mdm.
nÕVr- d¡`pŠVH$nUo hm Ioi Ioim`Mm Amho. AY©JmobmV \$ù`mH$S>o Vm|S> H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm ~gdmdo.
gyMZm- "\$ù`mda _r H$mhr dmŠ`o {b{hbr AmhoV. Ë`m dmŠ`m§_Ü`o H$mhr gUm§Mr Zmdo XS>bobr AmhoV.
Vr Vwåhr Ë`m dmŠ`mÀ`m g_moa {bhm`Mr AmhoV.'
IoimgmR>r KoVbobr dmŠ`o-
Xgam- nmohVmZm {_qbX gam gam nwT>o Jobm. nmS>dm- Am§ã`mMo nmS> dmè`mda hbV hmoVo.
Xrnmdbr- Vmo AJXr nmdbr-MdbrMm {heo~ R>odVmo. ZmVmi- hëbrÀ`m _wbm§Zm Zm Vmi Zm V§Ì
a§Jn§M_r- Hw$ñVrMm a§J, n§M _r AgVmo Va ZŠH$sM nmbQ>bm AgVm.
JUnVr- JUoeZo _oU _J nUVr ~ZdÊ`mg dmnabo.
àH$ma- 1) gUm§À`m Zmdmà_mUo emñÌkm§Mr Zmdo, eham§Mr Zmdo, H$mhr g§H$ënZm dmŠ`mV XS>dyZ hm Ioi
AmUIr _OoXma ~ZdVm `oB©b.
2) _wbm§Mo JQ> H$ê$Z, {df` XoD$Z dmŠ` V`ma H$aÊ`mMo JQ>H$m`© XoVm `oB©b.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi AmdS>bm H$m?
♦ Vwåhr dmŠ`mVrb ho eãX H$go emoYboV?
♦ AOyZ H$moUH$moUË`m JmoîQ>tgmR>r Vwåhr Aer
dmŠ`o V`ma H$ê$ eH$Vm?
♦ `m IoimMm Vwåhmbm Vw_À`m Aä`mgmV
H$gm Cn`moJ H$aVm `oB©b?
Zmo§Xr- gUm§Mr Zmdo H$moUmH$moUmbm nQ>H$Z
AmoiIVm Ambr. dmŠ` V`ma H$aVmZm H$moUr
H$moUr doJdoJir dmŠ`o V`ma Ho$br `mMr Zm|X
¿`mdr.
56/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

3.8 "Mbm, JmoîQ> V`ma H$ê$'
CÔoe- ñdV:Odi gmR>dbobo eãX^m§S>ma _moH$io hmoÊ`mgmR>r, ^m{fH$ ñ_aUeŠVrbm d ^m{fH$ ~hw{Xe
{dMmambm dmd XoÊ`mgmR>r, ZdZdrZ JmoîQ> gwMÊ`mgmR>r MmbZm.
doi- 40-45 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- hm ^m{fH$ A{^ì`ŠVrMm Ioi Amho. `m IoimV JQ>mV _wbm§Zr JmoîQ> V`ma H$aUo ho
_hÎdmMo Amho. Amåhmbm JmoîQ> V`ma H$aVm `oV Zmhr, Agm _wbm§Mm gya Agob Va gwé$dmVrbm _wbm§H$Sy>Z
JmoîQ> `oB©b, Ago àmoËgmhZ Úmdo nU VmU dmQ>ob Ago H$ê$ Z`o. _moH$ionUmZo _wbm§Zm JmoîQ> gm§Jy Úmdr.
JmoîQ> nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r _wbm§Zm nwaogm doi Úmdm.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdmdo d nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "Zoh_r AmnU H$moUrVar Xwgè`m§Zr V`ma Ho$bobr d Xwgè`mZo gm§{JVbobr JmoîQ> EoH$V AgVmo.
AmO AmnU gdmªZr {_iyZ JmoîQ> V`ma H$am`Mr Amho. `mV gd©àW_ _r JmoîQ>rMr gwédmV H$ê$Z XoB©Z;
Ë`mZ§Va _r Á`mMo Zmd KoB©Z Ë`m _wbmZo qH$dm _wbrZo nwT>rb ½mmoîQ> gm§Jmd`mMr Amho. Ë`m _wbmMr WmoS>r
JmoîQ> gm§JyZ Pmë`mda _r naV Xwgè`m _wbmMo/_wbrMo Zmd KoB©Z Ë`m§Zr nwT>rb JmoîQ> gm§Jm`Mr Amho.
Aem VèhoZo JQ>mVrb àË`oH$mZo WmoS>r WmoS>r JmoîQ> gm§JyZ nyU© H$am`Mr Amho. JmoîQ> Pmë`mda JmoîQ>rMo Zmd
gwMdm`Mo Amho. gdmªZm JmoîQ> H$er V`ma H$am`Mr Amho ho g_Obo H$m? _J Mbm Va JmoîQ> V`ma H$ê$.'
CXm.- EH$m JmdmV EH$ \w$b ZmdmMm _wbJm amhmV hmoVm. \w$b ñd^mdmZo em§V, _Z{_imD$
hmoVm; Ë`m_wio JmdmVrb gd© _wbm§Zm Vmo \$ma AmdS>m`Mm, Vmo gdmªMm bmS>H$m hmoVm. Ë`mbm ~mJH$m_mMr
\$ma \$ma AmdS> hmoVr; Ë`m_wio Vmo Ë`mMm Aä`mg Pmbm H$s Vmo OmñV doi ~mJoV Agm`Mm. \w$b gmaIo
PmS>m§da doJdoJio à`moJ H$arV Ago; Ë`m_wio ZdrZ ZdrZ a§JmMr, dmgmMr d AmH$mamMr \w$b§ ~mJoV
Sw>bVmZm {Xgm`Mr. åhUyZ ....AmpídZ (nwT>Mr JmoîQ> gm§J...) aí_r (nwT>Mr JmoîQ> gm§J....)
"Mbm JmoîQ> V`ma H$ê$'/57

àH$ma- EH$ JmoîQ> nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va JQ>mVrb _wbm§n¡H$s EH$mbm Xwgè`m JmoîQ>rMr gwédmV H$am`bm gm§Jmdo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ŸJmoîQ> nwT>o ZoÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhr H$moUH$moUË`m JmoîQ>tMm AmYma KoVbm?
♦ JmoîQ> nyU© H$aVmZm H$moUË`m àH$maÀ`m AS>MUr Vwåhmbm Amë`m?
♦ hm Ioi AOyZ H$moUË`m doJù`m nÕVrZo Vwåhmbm IoiVm `oB©b?
♦ Vwåhmbm `m IoimMm Cn`moJ H$gm d H$moR>o H$ê$Z KoVm `oB©b?
Zm|Xr- JmoîQ> nQnQ> gm§JUmè`m, JmoîQ>rMr {Xem ~XbUmè`m d H$_r ~mobUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr H$ê$Z
R>odmì`mV. _wbo gm§JVrb Ë`mà_mUo JmoîQ> {bhyZ ¿`mdr qH$dm eŠ` Pmë`mg ÜdZr_w{ÐV H$amdr. ÜdZr_w{ÐV
Ho$bobr JmoîQ> _wbm§Zm naV EoH$dë`mg JmoîQ> gm§JÊ`mMm _wbm§Mm CËgmh dmT>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.
dmQ> nw{gë`m{dU OmD§$ Z`oŸ& \$i Amoi{Ië`m{dU ImD§$ Z`oŸ&
n{S>br dñVw KoD§$ Z`oŸ& `oH$m`oH$s¨&&
A{V dmX H$ê§$ Z`oŸ& nmoQ>t H$nQ> Yê§$ Z`oŸ&
emo{Yë`m{dU H$ê§$ Z`oŸ& Hw$ihrZ H$m§VmŸ&&
{dMma|{dU ~mobm| Z`oŸ& {dd§MZo{dU Mmbm| Z`oŸ&
_`m©Xo{dU hmbm| Z`oŸ& H$m§hr `oH$Ÿ&&
àrVr{dU égm| Z`oŸ& Mmoamg dmoiIr nwgm| Z`oŸ&
amÌt n§W H«$_y§ Z`oŸ& `oH$m`oH$sŸ&&
OZt AmO©d VmoSy>§ Z`oŸ& nmnÐì` OmoSy>§ Z`oŸ&
nwÊ`m_mJ© gmoSy>§ Z`oŸ& H$XmH$mirŸ&&
qZXm Ûof H$ê§$ Z`oŸ& AgËg§J Yê§$ Z`oŸ&
Ðì`Xmam hê§$ Z`oŸ& ~imËH$ma|Ÿ&&
dº$`mg ImoXy§ Z`oŸ& EoŠ`Vogr \$moSy>§ Z`oŸ&
{dÚmAä`mg gmoSy>§ Z`oŸ& H$m§hr Ho$ë`m§Ÿ&&
- g_W© am_Xmg
58/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

4. dV©ZmË_H$ Ioi
AmnU X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV AZoH$ ì`ŠVr¨À`m d JQ>m§À`m g§nH$m©V `oV AgVmoo.
Ë`mV EH$_oH$m§Mo {dMma, ^md- ^mdZm g_OyZ KoVë`mg EH$_oH$m§_Yrb g§~§Y ÑT>
hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. ì`ŠVrÀ`m ^mdZm, ~mobVmZm hmoUmao hmVdmao, Mohè`mdarb hmd^md
d earamÀ`m hmoUmè`m hmbMmbr§_YyZ ì`ŠV hmoVmV. `m dV©ZmË_H$ _m{hVrMm d
~mobVmZm dmnaë`m OmUmè`m ^mfoMm ZrQ> _oi KmbVm Ambm H$s ì`ŠVrÀ`m Zo_Š`m
^md-^mdZm, {dMma g_OVmV d BVam§n`ªV nmohmoM{dVm `oVmV. `m j_Vm
{dñVmaÊ`mgmR>r nwT>o Ioi {Xbobo AmhoV. `m Ioim§V WmoS>mgm ~Xb Ho$ë`mg Vo
H$moUË`mhr d`moJQ>m~amo~a IoiVm `oVrb.
dV©ZmË_H$ Ioi/59

4.1 ^mdZm n[aM`
CÔoe- ^mdZm§Mr OmUrd hmoUo, ^mdZm AmoiIUo, ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aVm `oUo.
gm{hË`- S>moŠ`mÀ`m n[aKmEdT>çm nQ²>Q>>çm. (nQ²>Q>çm§À`m XmoÝhr Q>moH$m§Zm ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r Xmoar/[a~rZ Agmdr.)
`m nQ²>Q>>çmda ^mdZm/{deofUo {bhmdrV. CXm. AmZ§X, {Zamem, An_mZ, MrS>, amJ BË`mXr.
doi- 40-45 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, MMm© 15 {_.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- d`moJQ>mà_mUo ^mdZm nQ²>Q>çm V`ma H$amì`mV. CXm. bhmZ JQ>mgmR>r AmZ§X, Xw:I,
ào_, amJ Aem àH$maÀ`m Va _moR>çm _wbm§gmR>r ^mdZm§À`m doJdoJù`m N>Q>m Agmì`mV. CXm. qMVm, {Zamem,
^` B. H$YrH$Yr ^mdZm EH$mM àH$mao ì`ŠV Ho$ë`m_wio (CXm. Xw:I d {Zamem) H$mhr _wbm§Zm ^mdZm
AmoiIVm `oV ZmhrV. Aemdoir à{ejH$mZo _XV H$amdr. CXm. g_Om Vwbm EImXr JmoîQ> H$aVm Ambr
Zmhr Va Vwbm H$m` dmQ>ob? Vy Xw:Ir Oê$a hmoerb nU naV naV à`ËZ H$ê$ZgwÕm Vr JmoîQ> Vwbm O_br
Zmhr Va H$m` hmoB©b? "{Zamem' hr ^mdZm _wbm§Zm AmoiIÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. nU VmU `oD$ XoD$ Z`o.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdmdo. _wbm§À`m S>moŠ`mda nÅ>r ~m§Yë`mda gd© _wbm§Zm ZrQ> ^mdZm dmMVm
`oB©b Aem àH$mao H$nmimda nÅ>r ~m§Ymdr.
gyMZm- "AmVm AmnU EH$ N>mZ Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. _mÂ`mH$S>o H$mhr nQ²>Q>çm AmhoV. Ë`m nQ²>Q>çm
H$nmimda ~m§Ym`À`m AmhoV. `m àË`oH$mda EImXr ^mdZm {b{hbobr Amho. Á`mÀ`mda amÁ` `oB©b Ë`mÀ`m
H$nmimda `mVrb EH$ nÅ>r _r ~m§YrZ. nÅ>rda {b{hbobr ^mdZm amÁ` AgUmè`m _wbmbm {XgUma Zmhr
nU JQ>mVë`m ~mH$sÀ`m _wbm§Zm _mÌ Vr ^mdZm dmMVm `oB©b. AmVm, ~mH$sÀ`m _wbm§Zr Vr ^mdZm ì`ŠV$
H$am`Mr Amho åhUOo ^mdZoà_mUo Vgo hmd^md qH$dm hmVdmao H$am`Mo AZ² amÁ` Agboë`m _wbmZo nÅ>rdarb
^mdZm AmoiIm`Mr Amho. nU JQ>mVrb ~mH$sÀ`m _wbm§Zr H$mhr JmoîQ>r bjmV R>odm`À`m AmhoV.
60/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

1. ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aVmZm ~mobm`Mo Zmhr.
2. gdmªV _hÎdmMo åhUOo Vr ^mdZm àË`oH$mZo doJdoJù`m àH$mao ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$am`Mm Amho.
3. ñdV§ÌnUo hmd^md qH dm hmbMmbr Ho$ë`m Var MmbVrb qH$dm eoOmar ~gboë`m {_Ì/_¡{ÌUrMr
_XV KoD$Z ^mdZm ì`ŠV Ho$br Var Mmbob. nU EImXr ^mdZm AmnU {H$Vr doJdoJù`m nÕVr dmnê$Z
ì`ŠV H$ê$ eH$Vmo ho _hÎdmMo Amho. `mgmR>r Vwåhmbm àË`oH$mbm 2 {_{ZQ>o doi XoÊ`mV `oB©b.'
àmË`{jH$- AmVm AmnU EH$ CXmhaU KoD$ `m, åhUOo Vwåhmbm Ioi ZrQ> H$iob. EH$ nÅ>r CXm.("Xw:Ir'
Ago {b{hbobr nÅ>r KoD$Z Vr gdmªZm XmIdUo) AmVm hr nÅ>r AmnU `m _wbmÀ`m S>moŠ`mda ~m§Yy `m.
AmVm Ë`mbm ho bo~b nÅ>rdarb ^mdZm {XgUma Zmhr. ~mH$sÀ`m _wbm§Zr Z ~mobVm ^mdZm eŠ` {VVH$s
{d{dYVm AmUyZ ì`ŠV H$am`Mr. åhUOo AmVm Vw_À`mVrb Hw$Ur aS>Ê`mMm A{^Z` H$arb nU \$ŠV
"aS>U§' åhUOoM Xw:I H$m? Va Zmhr. Amnë`mbm Xw:I Pmb§ H$s H$Yr AmnU nm`mV S>moH§$ IwngyZ
~gVmo, H$Yr em§VnUo EH$Q>H$ ~KV ~gVmo, Aem àH$maÀ`m ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$am. Oo JQ>mVë`m _wbmZo Ho$bo
Amho VoM naV Z H$aVm H$mhrVar doJi§ H$am`M§. gdmªÀ`m ^mdZm XmIdyZ Pmë`mZ§Va amÁ` AgUmè`m
_wbmZ§ Vr ^mdZm AmoiIm`Mr, Ë`mAmYr Ë`mZo \$ŠV {ZarjU H$am`M§ Amho, H$ibm H$m AmVm Vwåhmbm
Ioi ZrQ>? _J AmVm gwédmV H$ê$ `m.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦w IoimV ^mdZm AmoiIUo gmono dmQ>bo H$s, ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aUo gmono dmQ>bo?
♦ ^mdZm nQ>H$Z AmoiIVm Amë`m H$m? ZgVrb Va AmoiIVm H$m Amë`m ZmhrV Ago dmQ>Vo?
♦ X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV hm Ioi H$gm Cn`moJmV AmUVm `oB©b?
♦ MM}_YyZ Amnë`mbm hdr Vr ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aVm `oUo; Xwgè`m§À`m ^mdZm AmoiIVm `oUo `m XmoÝhtMo
_hÎd _wbm§Zm g_OÊ`mgmR>r MMm© ¿`mdr.
Zm|Xr- JQ>m_Ü`o ag KoD$Z ^mdZm AmoiIUmar _wbo, ^mdZm AmoiIÊ`mV AS>MUr `oUmar _wbo Aem§Mr
Zm|X ¿`mdr. H$moUË`m ^mdZm _wbm§Zm ghOnUo AmoiIVm Amë`m. H$moUË`m ^mdZm _wbm§Zm ghOnUo
AmoiIVm Amë`m ZmhrV. `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
{ejH$, hm Ho$di {ejH$ Zìho
{ejH$ åhUOo àoaH$ eŠVrMm AI§S> ñÌmoV !
- ñdm_r a§JZmWmZ§X
("{ejH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m d O~m~Xmar' _YyZ----gm^ma)
^mdZm n[aM`/61

4.2 ^mdZm§Zm AZwê$n A{^ì`ŠVs
CÔoe- ^md-^mdZ§mMr OmU hmoUo, OmUdboë`m ^mdZm§Mr AMyH$ A{^ì`ŠVs H$aVm `oUo.
gm{hË`- AmZ§X, AmíM`©, amJ, {^Vr, Xw:I Aem ^mdZm {b{hboë`m {MR²>R>çm§Mo XmoZ g§M
doi -40 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 10 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j doi, 10 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- ^mdZm {b{hboë`m {MR²>R>çm V`ma H$amì`mV. MM}VyZ IoimÀ`m ñdê$nmg§~§Yr
nwT>rbà_mUo WmoS>r nmíd©^y_r V`ma H$ê$Z Úmdr. "_wbm§Zmo, Vwåhmbm EImX§ ~jrg {_imb§ Va H$m` dmQ>V§?'
(AmZ§X hmoB©b) Vw_À`m KamV qH$dm Amgnmg EImXr dmB©Q> KQ>Zm KS>br Va Vwåhmbm H$m` dmQ>V§?
(Xw:I hmoB©b) `m AmZ§X, Xw:I, amJ {^Vr, AmíM`© `m gJù`m§Zm ^mdZm (emotions) åhUVmV.
nÕVr- _wbm§Mo XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z XmoÝhr JQ>m§Zm EH$_oH$m§g_moa Vm|S> H$ê$Z gai XmoZ am§Jo_Ü`o ~gdmdo.
gyMZm-"AmnU AmVm EH$ doJim Ioi Ioim`Mm Amho. hm Ioi XmoZ \o$è`m§V Ioim`Mm Amho.
_r Ioim~ÔbÀ`m gyMZm XoV Amho. Ë`m gdmªZr ZrQ> EoH$m. H$mhr Z g_Oë`mg _mP§ gm§JyZ Pmë`mda {dMmam.
\o$ar-1 gd©àW_ _r "A' JQ>mbm {MR²>R>çm XoV Amho. "~' JQ>mZo _r Ë`m§Zm nwT>rb gyMZm XoB©n`ªV
em§VnUo ~gm`Mo Amho. H$maU nwT>À`m \o$arV _r "~' JQ>mbm {MR²>R>çm XoUma Amho. "A' JQ>mVrb àË`oH$mZo
Ë`m§À`m àË`oH$mÀ`m {MR²>R>>rda Or ^mdZm {Xbr Amho, Vr ^mdZm ~mobyZ qH$dm H¥$Vr H$ê$Z XmIdm`Mr
Amho, H$er Vo ñdV:M§ ñdV: R>adyZ R>odm. `mZ§Va "A' JQ>mMm {dMma Mmby AgVmZmM "~' JQ>mbm ~mOybm
KoD$Z gyMZm Úmì`mV. Vwåhr "A' JQ>mVrb àË`oH$ ì`ŠV Ho$boë`m ^mdZm AmoiIyZ Ë`m ^mdZm§Zm AZwê$n
(^mdZmMm) à{VgmX Úm`Mm Amho. CXm. "A' JQ>mZo AmZ§X hr ^mdZm ì`ŠV Ho$br Agob Va "~' JQ>mZo
doJù`m àH$mao AmZ§X ì`ŠV H$am`Mm Amho.
\o$ar-2 AmVm _r "~' JQ>mbm {MR²>R>çm XoV Amho. "~' JQ>mVrb _wbm§Zr Ë`m§À`m àË`oH$mÀ`m {MÇ>rda
Or ^mdZm {Xbr Amho, Vr ^mdZm àË`oH$OU H$em àH$mao ì`ŠV H$aUma Amho, ~mobyZ qH$dm H¥$Vr H$ê$Z R>adyZ
R>odm`Mr Amho."A' JQ>mbm nwT>rbà_mUo ~mOybm KoD$Z gyMZm Úmì`mV. Vwåhr "~' JQ>mÀ`m ì`ŠV Ho$boë`m
^mdZm AmoiIyZ Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a {déÕ ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$am`À`m AmhoV. CXm. Ë`mbm AmZ§X Pmbm Agob Va
Vwåhr Xw:I ì`ŠV H$amb qH$dm H$moUVrhr AÝ` {déÕ àH$maMr ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$am`Mr Amho.'
62/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ `m IoimV Vwåhr Zo_H§$ H$m` Ho$b§V? H$m` dmQ>b§?
♦ Hw$R>ë`m à{V{H«$`oÀ`m doiog ~a§ dmQ>b§? H$Yr amJ Ambm?
♦ AemM à{V{H«$`m H$m {Xë`mV? Hw$R>br à{V{H«$`m AZwê$n dmQ>br?
♦ Ag§ àË`jmV Vw_À`m ~amo~a KS>V§ H$m?/qH$dm Vw_À`mH$Sy>Zhr KS>Vo H$m?/AZwê$n à{V{H«$`m {Xë`mda
Ë`mMo H$m` n[aUm_ hmoVmV? {déÕ à{V{H«$`m {Xë`mda H$m` n[aUm_ hmoVmo?
♦ hm Ioi Ioië`mda Vwåhmbm H$m` OmUdb§?
♦ ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mV ~Xb H$amdm Ag§ dmQ>V§ H$m?
♦ ^mdZm ZdrZ àH$mao ì`ŠV$H$amdr Ago dmQ>Vo H$m?
Zm|Xr- ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aVmZm ~mobyZ OmñV ì`ŠV$H$aV AmhoV H$s, H¥$VrVyZ OmñV ì`ŠV$H$aV AmhoV
Am{U H$moUË`m _mÜ`_mMm dmna H$aV AmhoV `mMr Zm|X H$amdr. H$_r ~mobUmè`m d _mJo amhUmè`m
_wb§mÀ`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
nmIao ^amabr {Zir Z^o Pimibr
nmbdr Zdr Zdr Vé$dar Wamabr&
hmgè`m gwamVwZr, MmbË`m nXmVwZr
Pon KoD$Z Cgibr, hr MoVZm
{hMo Amåhr ew^m§ew ao
gVoO ao, gwhmñ` bmñ` ao&
`wd_Zr, Or, g§MmaVo, àH$meVo
JVr {hMr, ÚwVr {hMr, ñ\y$Vu,
{j{VO ~mhVo Yaog
jo_ Úmd`mg `m, `m !
^mdZm§Zm AZwê$n A{^ì`ŠVs/63

4.3 hm Ioi ^mdZm§Mm !...
CÔoe- _mUgmVrb ^md- ^mdZm§Mr OmU- ^oX, ~hþ{Xe {dMma `m§Zm MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- gd© gma»`m Mohè`m§Mr ~mø ê$naoIm Agbobo (EH$m H$mJXmda drg Mohao Agbobo H$mJX)
àË`oH$s EH$, a§J, noZ d no{Ýgb
doi- 50 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi,> 20 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbo doJdoJù`m ^mdZm H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. AmYr ^md{ZH$ A{^ì`ŠVrda
MMm© ¿`mdr. Hw$R>ë`m Hw$R>ë`m ^mdZm AgmVmV `mda MMm© ¿`mdr.
nÕVr- àË`oH$ _wbmbm H$mJXmda EH$gmaIo Mohao Agbobm H$mJX Úmdm. _J _wbm§Zm nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "IoimMo {Z`_-EH$mdoir EH$mZoM ~mobmdo. _ZmV `oB©b Vo gd© ~mobmdo-{bhmdo, MyH$ qH$dm
~amo~a Ago H$mhr Zmhr. AmnU gH$minmgyZ g§Ü`mH$min`ªV Á`m doJdoJù`m ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aVmo, ~KV
AgVmo. Ë`m AmnU H$em AmoiIVmo? (_wbm§À`m _wŠV H$ënZm `oD$ ¿`mì`mV.) Mohè`mdaÀ`m hmd^mdmVyZ!
CXm. amJ, AmZ§X, Xw:I B. (Mohè`mda ho ^md ì`ŠV H$ê$Z XmIdUo) Vwåhmbm {Xboë`m H$mJXmda EH$gmaIo
Mohao AmhoV. Ë`m Mohè`mda Vwåhmbm ^mdZm H$mT>m`À`m AmhoV Am{U Vr ^mdZm Ë`m Ë`m Mohè`mImbr
{bhmd`mMr Amho. EH$Xm H$mT>bobr ^mdZm nwÝhm H$mT>m`Mr Zmhr. ømgmR>r Vwåhmbm 10 {_. doi {Xbm
Amho. `m H$mJXm§da COì`m H$monè`mV Amnbo Zmd {bhyZ bJoM H$mT>m`bm gwédmV H$am`Mr Amho.'
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Mohè`mda ^mdZm H$mT>VmZm H$m` {dMma Ho$bm?, ^mdZm H$mT>VmZm H$m` AmR>dbo?
♦ Vwåhr Hw$R>ë`m Hw$R>ë`m ^mdZm H$mT>ë`mV? (^mdZm§Mr `mXr H$aUo d EH$M ^mdZm H$er doJdoJù`m
àH$mao XmIdbr Amho Vo MM}VyZ _wbm§Zm gm§JUo)
♦ `m IoimMm Vwåhmbm H$gm d Hw$R>o Cn`moJ hmoB©b?
♦ H$moUH$moUË`m ^mdZm H$mT>Vm Amë`m ZmhrV. H$m` AS>MUr Amë`m?
Zm|Xr- H$moUH$moUË`m ^mdZm _wbm§Zm ghOnUo H$mT>Vm Amë`m; H$moUË`m AdKS> dmQ>ë`m `mMr Zm|X ¿`mdr.
64/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

4.4 Vy Am{U _r
CÔoe- {d{dY àH$mao _wbm§À`m g_mZw^yVr (Empathy) bm MmbZm XoUo. åhUOo _wbm§Zm EImÚmÀ`m
^y{_Ho$_Ü`o OmD$Z AmnU Vr ^y{_H$m AZw^dV AmhmoV, Aer H$ënZm H$aÊ`mg MmbZm XoUo.
gm{hË`- H$mJX, noZ.
doi -40-45 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- à{ejH$m§Zr OmñVrVOmñV ^y{_H$m§À`m OmoS>çm§Mr Zmdo Agboë`m {MÇ>çm
CXm. _mbH$-ZmoH$a, PmS>-dob, {ejH$-{dÚmWu, ~m~m-_wbJm B. d Ë`mMr gyMr H$ê$Z R>odmdo.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm _moR>çm JmobmV ~gdyZ àW_ gyMZm Úmì`mV. XmoZ-XmoZMo EH$ JQ> H$ê$Z Z§Va àË`oH$
_wbmbm EH$ {MÇ>r Úmdr. gyMrVrb OmoS>çm§à_mUo Vr {MÇ>r Agboë`m _wbm§Zm OmoS>rZo JmobmV C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm-"Vw_À`m gJù`m§À`m OmoS>çm Ho$boë`m AmhoV. àË`oH$ OmoS>rbm EH$ {MÇ>r XoUma Amho. Ë`m
{MÇ>rda H$moUË`m Var XmoZ dñVy qH$dm ì`ŠVr qH$dm àmUr Aer H$emMr Var Zmdo {b{hbobr AgVrb.
Amnë`m {MÇ>rV Or Zmdo AgVrb. Ë`m ^y{_H$m Vwåhmbm H$am`À`m AmhoV. Vo XmoKohr EH$_oH$m§er H$go
dmJVmV/dmJVrb ho ~mobyZ, hmd^mdm§VyZ XmIdm`Mo Amho d Ë`m ^y{_Ho$V ñVãY ìhm`Mo Amho.
CXm. "Hw$Ìm-_mbH$' Aem ZmdmMr {MÇ>r Oa H$moUmbm Ambr Agob Va Ë`m§Zr EH$mZo Hw$Í`mMr Va
Xwgè`mZo _mbH$mMr ^y{_H$m Amnmnë`mV R>adyZ H$am`Mr Amho. _r EH$ EH$ OmoS>rbm g_moa ~mobdyZ
^y{_H$m H$am`bm gm§JoZ. n{hbr \o$ar Pmë`mda "^y{_H$m ~Xbm' åhQ>ë`mda "Hw$Ìm' Pmboë`m _wbmZo/
_wbrZo "_mbH$mMr' ^y{_H$m H$amdr d "_mbH$mMr' ^y{_H$m Ho$boë`mZo "Hw$Í`mMr' ^y{_H$m H$amdr. gyMZm
gdmªZm g_Oë`m H$m? Mbm Va ^y{_H$m H$am`bm V`ma ìhm!'
Vy Am{U _r/65

gdmªÀ`m ^y{_H$m H$ê$Z Pmë`mda _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdyZ MMm© ¿`mdr.
àH$ma - gdmªZm {MR²>R>çm XoD$Z EH$X_ JQ>mbm ^y{_H$m H$am`bm gm§Jmì`mV.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi AmdS>bm H$m? Ioi IoiVmZm H$m` dmQ>bo?
♦ Vwåhr Ooìhm EImXr ^y{_H$m H$aV hmoVm Voìhm Ë`m ^y{_Ho$~Ôb H$m` H$m` {dMma Ho$bmV?
♦ Vwåhr ^y{_H$m ~XbbrV Voìhm H$m` dmQ>bo?
♦ Aem àH$mao AmnU Hw$UmHw$Um~Ôb {dMma H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Hw$Ìm-_mbH$, {Iim -hmVmoS>r,
C§Xra- _m§Oa
♦ `m IoimMm Amnë`mbm H$m` Cn`moJ hmoB©b Ago Vwåhmbm dmQ>Vo.
MM}V `m IoimV _wbm§Zm AmnU Xwgè`mÀ`m ^y{_Ho$_Ü`o OmD$Z AmnU Á`mMr ^y{_H$m H$aVmo VoM
AmhmoV Ago g_Oë`mda H$go dmQ>Vo `mMm {dMma H$aUo _hÎdmMo Amho. _wbm§Zm Vgm {dMma H$aÊ`mg
MmbZm d àmoËgmhZ Úmdo.
Zm|Xr- eãXmà_mUo ^y{_H$m H$aUo eŠ` Pmbo d eŠ` Pmbo Zmhr Aem _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV. MM}À`m
doiog _wbm§Zr gm§{JVboë`m à{V{H«$`m§Mr Zm|X H$amdr.
"{ejUmMo VÎdkmZ'
kmZ hmoUo åhUOo AmdaU Xya H$aUo.
~mbH$ ñdV:M ñdV:Mm Jwê$ hmò .
ñd^mdmZwgma {dH$mgmbm gmhmæ` H$am.
{ejU åhUOo {dMma AmË_gmV H$aUo.
"_mUyg' {Z_m©U H$aUmao {ejU hdo.
- ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X
("{ejU' _YyZ----gm^ma)
66/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

5. JQ>H$m`©
JQ>H$m`© åhUOo nmM-ghm OUm§Zr JQ>mV EH$ {d{eîQ> H$m_ R>adyZ EH$ÌnUo nyU©
H$aUo hmo`. JQ>mV H$m_mMo {Z`moOZ H$aVm `oUo, ñdV:Mr _Vo _m§S>Vm `oUo,
Xwgè`mMr _Vo EoHy$Z KoVm `oUo, AmnUhyZ O~m~Xmar KoUo, H$m_mMo dmQ>n H$aUo,
ñdV: ZoVm AgVmZm d ZgVmZm H$m_ H$aVm `oUo, JQ>m_Ü`o g§K^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoUo,
gm_y{hH$ AmZ§X KoVm `oUo Aem AZoH$ H$m¡eë`m§Mm g_mdoe `mV AgVmo.
gm_y{hH$ H$m_mV bmJUmè`m H$m¡eë`m§Zm dmd {_iÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr Ioi `m ^mJmV
{Xbo AmhoV. ho Ioi H$moUË`mhr d`moJQ>mgmR>r KoVm `oVrb.
JQ>H$m`©/67

5.1 AmH$mam§À`m J_Vr
CÔoe- {ZarjUeŠVrMm {dH$mg H$aUo, AmH$mam§Mo kmZ dmT>{dUo, JQ>m_Ü`o H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr d¥Îmr dmT>{dUo,
ZoV¥Ëd JwU OmonmgUo
gm{hË`- ghm doJdoJù`m AmH$mamÀ`m {MÌm§Mo H$mnbobo VwH$S>o/g§M (CXm. Ka, JmS>r, _mgm, Hw$Ìm,
_m§Oa, Moham) EH$m {MÌmÀ`m EH$gma»`m AmH$mamÀ`m ghm Vo gmV àVtMm g§M Ago gd© {MÌm§Mo g§M.
doi -45 {_. 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15{_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- KamÀ`m {MÌmÀ`m ghm Vo gmV àVtn¡H$s EH$ VerM R>odyZ BVa àVtMo ghm doJdoJù`m
AmH$mamMo EH$gmaIr ~møaofm Agbobo VwH$S>o H$ê$Z ¿`mdoV. Ë`mM AmH$mamÀ`m EH$m H$mJXmda VwH$S>o R>odyZ
VwH$S>çm§À`m AmH$mamMo ~møaofoMo {S>PmB©Z H$mTy>Z R>odmdo. Ka, JmS>r, _mgm, Hw$Ìm, _m§Oa d Moham `m§À`m
g§MmMo AemM àH$mao Cng§M H$ê$Z R>odmdo. ~møaofoMo {S>PmB©Z Agbobm H$mJX _wbm§Zm XmIdy Z`o (EH$m
{MÌmÀ`m àVrMo ghm VwH$S>o Á`m AmH$mamMo AgVrb Ë`mM AmH$mamMo BVa gd© {MÌm§Mo VwH$S>o AgVrb.)
Ioi gwê$ Ho$ë`mda {MÌ nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r {MÌm§À`m VwH$S>çm§Mr XodmUKodmU Z ~mobVm H$ê$ Úmdr
nU à{ejH$mZo ñdV:hÿZ Vgo gwMdy Z`o.
nÕVr- _wbm§À`m g§»`oà_mUo nmM qH$dm ghmOUm§Mm EH$ JQ> H$amdm. _wbm§Zm JQ>m_Ü`o na§Vw \$ù`mH$S>o
Vm|S> H$ê$Z ~gdmdo d gyMZm Úmì`mV. gyMZm {Xë`mZ§Va JQ>m_Ü`o EH$_oH$m§H$S>o Vmo§S> H$ê$Z JmobmV ~gdmdo.
gyMZm- "AmO AmnU AmH$mam§Mm EH$ J§_VrXma Ioi IoiUma AmhmoV. Vwåhm§bm àË`oH$mbm AmVm _r
H$mhr H$mJXmMo VwH$S>o (nÎmo dmQ>Vmo Ë`mà_mUo) dmQ>Uma Amho. Ë`m VwH$Sçm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z àË`oH$mbm EH$
{d{eîQ> AmH$¥Vr V`ma H$am`Mr Amho. Or gdmªMr EH$gmaIrM AgUma Amho. H$go Vo AmVm Vwåhr ZrQ> bj
XoD$Z EoH$m.
68/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

1. Oar àË`oH$mbm Amnbr AmH¥$Vr H$am`Mr Agbr Var àË`oH$mH$S>o Ë`m AmH¥$VrMm AmH$ma ZrQ> nyU©
H$aÊ`mg bmJUmao gd© VwH$S>o AgVrbM Ago Zmhr; åhUOoM \$ŠV Vw_À`mH$S>o Agboë`m VwH$S>çm§_YyZ
Vmo AmH$ma nyU© hmoB©b Ago Zmhr, _mÌ JQ>mVrb gd©OUm§À`m AmH¥$Ë`m nyU© hmoVrb Aem àH$mao VwH$S>o dmQ>V
Amho.
2. `m gdmª_YyZ _mJ© H$mTy>Z Vwåhr AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am`Mr Amho. nU Ioi IoiVmZm A[O~mV ~mobm`Mo
Zmhr. Amnë`mbm hdm Agbobm VwH$S>m Hw$Umbmhr ~mobyZ _mJm`Mm Zmhr.
3. Á`m JQ>mVrb gd© _wbm§À`m AmH¥$Vr àW_ V`ma hmoVrb. Vmo JQ> {O§Ho$b. _wbm§Zmo, Vwåhmbm gyMZm
H$ië`m H$m? H$mhr e§H$m Amho H$m? AmVm _r Vwåhmbm H$mJXmMo VwH$S>o dmQ>Vo. (g_Obo Zgob Va nwÝhm
g_OmdyZ gm§Jmdo. Ë`mZ§Va _wbm§Zm H$mJXmMo VwH$S>o dmQ>Uo d gd© _wbm§Zm Ioi EH$mM doir gwê$ H$aÊ`mg
gm§Jmdo.)'
àH$ma- _moR>çm JQ>mVrb _wbm§gmR>r EH$mM/doJdoJù`m AmH$mamÀ`m ^m¡{_{VH$ AmH¥$Vr qH$dm Mm¡agmMo
VwH$S>o XoVm `oVrb d IoimMr H$m{R>Ê` nmVir dmT>dVm `oB©b. àË`oH$ JQ>mg {_iyZ EH$ _moR>o H$moS>o gmoS>{dÊ`mg
XoVm `oB©b.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ Ioi AmdS>bm H$m? H$gm dmQ>bm?
♦ AmH$ma nyU© V`ma AgVmZm H$m` {dMma Ho$bm?
♦ Xwgè`mbm Amnë`mH$S>À`m VwH$S>çmMr JaO Amho Ago Vwåhmbm {Xgbo Voìhm Vwåhr H$m` Ho$boV?
(_ZmVë`m _ZmV {dMma H$ê$Z VwH$S>m Ë`m OmJr ~gdbm.)
♦ Aem àH$mao Ho$boë`m {dMmamMm Amnë`mbm Hw$R>o Hw$R>o Cn`moJ hmoB©b? (añVo bjmV R>odVmZm, Zjr
H$mT>VmZm B.)
♦ `m Ioimdê$Z Xwgè`m§~Ôb AmnU H$m` d H$gm {dMma H$ê$ eH$Vmo?
Zm|Xr- ZoV¥ËdJwU AgUmar _wbo, EH$_oH$m§Zm _XV H$aUmar _wbo, BVam§Zm _XV Z H$aUmar _wbo `mMr Zm|X
¿`mdr.
{ejU åhUOo _Zwî`mÀ`m
{R>H$mUr Oo nyU©Ëd
AmYrMoM {dÚ_mZ Amho
Ë`mMo àH$Q>rH$aU.
- ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X
("{ejU' _YyZ----gm^ma)
AmH$mam§À`m J_Vr/69

5.2 [abo S´>m°BªJ
CÔoe- JQ>mV EH${ÌVnUo EImXr g§H$ënZm R>a{dUo d Vr àË`jmV AmUUo.
gm{hË`- MmQ>© nong©, a§JrV ISy> qH$dm ñHo$M noÝg B.
doi- 55 {_., 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 10 {_. MM}gmR>r, 10 {_. àË`j Ioi, 15 {_. MMm©
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- gd©àW_ nmM Vo gmV _wbm§Mm EH$ JQ> H$amdm. {MÌ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r àË`oH$ JQ>mbm
doJdoJim qH$dm EH$M {df` Úmdm. JQ>mV H$go${MÌ H$mT>m`Mo `m~Ôb MMm© H$aÊ`mg 10 {_. doi Úmdr.
{MÌH bonojm EH$Ì `oD$Z JQ>mZo EH$ CÎm_ g§H$ënZm/{dMma àË`j gmH$maÊ`mbm `m IoimV _hÎd Amho ho
ñnîQ>> H$amdo.
nÕVr- gd©àW_ nmM Vo gmV _wbm§Mm EH$ JQ> H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. EH$mM doir gd© JQ> WmoS>çm WmoS>çm
A§Vamda C^o H$amdo. JQ>mÀ`m ~amo~a g_moa {^§Vrbm bmJyZ O{_Zrda _moÇ>o nmM MmQ>© nong© EHo$H$m JQ>mbm
EH$ Ago WmoS>çmWmoS>çm A§Vamda R>odmdoV. Ë`m~amo~a ISy>/ñHo$MnoZMm goQ> R>odmdm. JQ> H$ê$Z Pmë`mda
gdmªZm EH${ÌV nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmO Vwåhmbm EH${ÌVnUo EH$ {MÌ H$mT>md`mMo Amho. Ë`mgmR>§r Vwåhmbm EH$ {df` {Xbm
OmB©b. {df`mà_mUo JQ>mVrb àË`oH$OU H$m` H$m` {MÌ H$mT>Uma Amho `mMr JQ>m_Ü`o MMm© H$amd`mMr
Amho. MMo©gmR>r 10 {_. doi {Xbm OmB©b. H$moUË`m H«$_mZo H$moU {MÌ H$mT>Uma Ë`mà_mUo AmoirV ~gm`Mo
Amho. àË`oH$mbm {MÌ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r 2 {_. doi {Xbm OmB©b. [eÅ>r dmOdë`mda niV niV OmD$Z
Vw_À`m g_moa q^Vrbm bmJyZ R>odboë`m MmQ>© nonada VoWo R>odboë`m ñHo$MnoZZo {MÌ H$mT>m`Mo Amho.
2 {_. Pmë`mda naV {eÅ>r dmOdrZ Voìhm AmYrÀ`m _wbmZo [MÌ H$mT>m`Mo Wm§~yZ niV niV Amnë`m
JQ>mV `oD$Z Wm§~m`Mo Amho. Vmo _wbJm/_wbJr JQ>mV `oD$Z eodQ>r ~gë`mda nwT>À`m _wbmZo niV OmD$Z
{MÌ H$mT>m`Mo Amho. {eÅ>r dmObr H$s Wm§~m`Mo d nwT>rb _wbmZo {MÌ H$mT>m`bm Om`Mo. JQ>mV `oD$Z
Wm§~ë`mda H$moUrhr EH$_oH$m§er ~mobm`Mo Zmhr. EoZdoir g§nyU© {MÌ nmhyZ Vw_À`m {MÌmV Vwåhmbm H$mhr
70/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

~Xb H$amdmgm dmQ>bm Va H$aVm `oB©b. Aem nÕVrZo {Xboë`m doimV gdmªÀ`m _XVrZo Amnë`m JQ>mMo
{MÌ OmñVrV OmñV Mm§Jbo H$go hmoB©b `mgmR>r à`ËZ H$am`Mm Amho. {MÌ H$mT>VmZm {Xboë`m gyMZm
gdmªZr nmim`À`m AmhoV. (Oê$a dmQ>ë`mg gyMZm naV Úmì`m.)'
A{YH$- Oa gd© JQ>m§Zm EH$M {df` {Xbm Agob Va {MÌ g_moa R>odyZ Ë`m~m~V MMm© KoVm `oB©b.
XmoZ {MÌm§_Yrb doJionUm d gmå` `m JmoîQ>r bjmV KoD$Z MMm© ¿`mdr.
àH$ma- gd© JQ>m§Zm doJdoJio {df` XoD$Z {MÌ H$mT>m`bm gm§JUo.
MM}gmR>rMo _wÔo-
♦ EH${ÌVnUo {MÌ H$mT>VmZm {Z`moOZmV H$m` H$m` {dMma Ho$bm?
♦ {Z`moOZmà_mUo {MÌ nyU© Pmbo H$m?
♦ Am`Ë`mdoir {MÌmV H$m` ~Xb H$amdo bmJbo d H$m?
Zm|Xr- EH$_oH$m§Zm _XV H$aUmar _wbo, BVam§Zm _XV Z H$aUmar _wbo d ZoV¥ËdJwU AgUmar _wbo `mMr Zm|X
¿`mdr.
BVZr eŠVr h_| XoZm..
BVZr eŠVr h_| XoZm XmVm, _Z H$m {dídmg H$_Omoa hmo ZmŸ&
h_ Mb| ZoH$ añVo no h_go, ^yb H$a ^r H$moB© ^yb hmo ZmŸ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
Xya AkmZ Ho$ hmo A§Yoao, Vy h_| kmZ H$s amoeZr XoŸ&
ha ~wamB©go ~MHo$ aho h_, {OVZr ^r Xo ^br qOXJr XoŸ&
~¡a hmo Zm {H$gr H$m {H$gr go
^mdZm _Z _| ~Xbo H$s hmo ZmŸ&&1Ÿ&&
h_ Zm gmoMo h_| Š`m {_bm h¡, h_ `o gmoMo {H$`m Š`m h¡ An©UŸ&
\y$b Iw{e`m| Ho$ ~m±Q>o g^r H$mo, g~H$m OrdZ hr ~Z Om`o _Yw~ZŸ&
AnZr H$éUm H$m Ob Vy ~hmHo$,
H$a Xo nmdZ ha EH$ _Z H$m H$moZmŸ&&2Ÿ&&
h_ Mbo ZoH$ añVo no h_ go, ^yb H$a ^r H$moB© ^yb hmo ZmŸ&
BVZr eŠVr h_| XoZm XmVm, _Z H$m {dídmg H$_Omoa hmo ZmŸ&&
[abo S´>m°BªJ/71

72/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
5.3 àH$ën
CÔoe - {Z`moOZ H$aUo d Vo A_bmV AmUUo, kmZm_Ü`o ^a KmbUo, ñdV:_Yrb d BVam§_Yrb j_Vm
AmoiIUo, ñdmZw^wVr, VXZw^wVr, ghg§doXZm dmT>dUo, EH$_oH$m§gmo~V H$m_ H$aUo d EH$_oH$m§Zm _XV H$aUo B.
Vnerb - _wbm§À`m j_Vm g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r d j_Vm§Zm dmd XoÊ`mgmR>r "JQ>àH$ën' ho EH$ _mÜ`_ Amho.
{e{~amV àH$ën KoÊ`mgmR>r _w»` {df` R>adyZ ¿`mdm. _w»` {df`mn`ªV nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r EH$ AmamIS>m V`ma
H$amdm. {df`mMo Ë`m g§X^m©Vrb ~maH$mdo bjmV KoD$Z à{ejH$m§Zr amoOMr H¥$Vr gÌo MMm© H$ê$Z R>admdrV.
_w»` {df` _moR>m AgVmo. Ë`mVrb Zo_H$m {df` H$moUVm nmohmoMdm`Mm `mg§X^m©V ñnîQ>Vm Agmdr. {e{~amMm
H$mbmdYr d àH$ënmÀ`m gÌmbm {Xbm OmUmam doi ho bjmV KoD$Z gÌm§Mo {Z`moOZ H$amdo.
_wbm§À`m d`moJQ>mZwgma d d¡H$m{gH$ Q>ßß`mZwgma àH$ën ¿`mdm. CXm. B. 2 ar, 3 arVrb _wbm§gmR>r
àË`j AZw^d d {ZarjUmda AmYm[aV àH$ën ¿`mdm. B. 4 Wr, 5 dr À`m _wbm§gmR>r H$ënZmeŠVrbm
dmd {_iob Ago àH$ën AgmdoV. B. 6 dr, 7 drVrb _wbm§gmR>r d¡km{ZH$, A_yV© H$ënZm§Zm MmbZm
XoUmao {df` ¿`mdoV. CXm. "gm_m{OH$ OmUrd' OmJ¥VrgmR>r añË`mdaMr ahXmar, "{ZgJ©OmUrd' {Z_m©UmgmR>r
"G$VyMH«$, "^md{ZH$ ~w{Õ_Îmm' dmT>rgmR>r "g§doXZerbVm' Ago {df` KoVm `oVrb.
àH$ën H$aVmZm XmoZ àH$mao _wbm§Mo JQ> H$aVm `oVmV. gd© _wbm§Zm doJdoJù`m d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§~amo~a
H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm AZw^d XoÊ`mgmR>r àË`oH$ B`ÎmoVrb, d`moJQ>mVrb EH$Var _wbJm/_wbJr JQ>mV Agmdr.
`m_wio daÀ`m B`Îmo_Yrb _wbm§da O~m~Xmar nS>Vo. hr _wbo bhmZ _wbm§Zm gm§^miyZ KoVmV. Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z
H$m_ H$ê$Z KoVmZm hmoUmar Ë`mMr JS>~S>, {MS>{MS> øm gd© JmoîQ>tMo {ZarjU H$aVm `oVo. Aem àH$maÀ`m
JQ>m_wio {e{~amVrb {d{dY d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§_Ü`o Am§Va{H«$`m hmoD$Z JQ>mV EH$g§KnUm `oÊ`mg _XV
hmoVo. Aem àH$maÀ`m (Vertical Grouping) JQ>mV àH$ënmMm {df` WmoS>m gmonm ¿`mdm. EH$mM B`ÎmoVrb
qH$dm d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§Mm JQ> (Horizontal Grouping) hr H$aVm `oVmo. na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r WmoS>o A{YH$ d`mbm
gmOoeo {df` {ZdS>mdoV.
{df`m g§X^m©Vrb _m{hVr H$mT>Uo, _wbmIV KoUo, ZH$meo, VŠVo V`ma H$aUo BË`mXr H$m_o _wbm§H$Sy>ZM
H$ê$Z ¿`mdrV. Kar H$ê$Z AmUmd`mÀ`m JmoîQ>t_Ü`o _wbm§Zr nmbH$m§Mr _XV KoÊ`mg haH$V Zgmdr. nU
nmbH$m§H$Sy>ZM _wbm§Zr H$m_ H$ê$Z AmUy Z`o. øm g§X^m©Vrb gyMZm _wbm§Zm d nmbH$m§Zm Úmdr. V`ma,
{dH$VÀ`m JmoîQ>r AmUyZ àH$ën Ho$bobm Zgmdm. àH$ënmV JQ>mVrb àË`oH$ _wbmMm gh^mJ hmoV Amho Zm
ho à{ejH$m§Zr nmhmdo. àH$ënmg§~§YrMr _wbm_wbm§_Ü`o MMm© hmoV AgVmZm à{ejH$m§Zr Amdí`H$VoZwgma
MM}V gh^mJ ¿`mdm. MMm© {df`mbm Yê$Z hmoV Amho Zm ømH$S>o bj Agmdo.
ZmQy>H$bo, g§dmX, VŠVo BË`mXr doJdoJù`m _mÜ`_m§VyZ àH$ënmMo gmXarH$aU ìhmdo, `m~m~V à{ejH$m§Zr
_wbm§Zm àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. àH$ënmVyZ _wbm§Zm {df`mMr _m{hVr d kmZ {_iUo {OVHo$ _hÎdmMo Amho, {VVHo$M
"_m{hVr KoUo Vo àH$ënmMo gmXarH$aU' øm à{H«$`oVyZ OmV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm {_iUmam AZw^d hr {VVH$mM
_hÎdmMm AgVmo. hm AZw^d JQ>mbm d ì`ŠVrbm {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Amho. Aem àH$mao JQ> àH$ën
ho AZw^d {ejUmMo _hÎdmMo _mÜ`_ ~ZdVm `oD$ eH$Vo. Ë`mVrb d¡{dÜ` d d`mZwénVm Onbr Va Ho$di
"g§J«hmË_H$' àH$ënm§H$Sy>Z _wbm§Zm "g¥OZmË_H$' àH$ënm§n`ªV ZoVm `oB©b.

6. J§_V O§_V Ioi
J§_Vr_Ü`o _ÁOm H$aUo, AmZ§X, hgUo, CS>çm _maUo `m JmoîQ>r Ano{jV AmhoV.
J§_V Agbr H$s dmVmdaU {Z{_©Vr hmoVo, H$m_mV {Od§VnUm, VmOonUm `oVmo. hm VmOonUm,
VËnaVm {e{~amV Amboë`m _wbm§_Ü`o {Q>H$dyZ R>odÊ`mgmR>r J§_V Ioi ¿`mdoV.
ZdrZ dmVmdaU, ZdrZ {_Ì-_¡{ÌUr d n«{ejH$m§~amo~a ~mobVmZm, dmJVmZm, g§Hw${MVnUm
Kmb{dÊ`mgmR>r J§_V Ioim§Mm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. _wbm§_Yrb _mZ{gH$, emar[aH$ D$Om©
{Q>Hy$Z amhmÊ`mg J§_V IoimMr _XV hmoVo. Ioim_Ü`o Amnë`m hmoUmè`m \${OVrbm,
{dZmoXmbm ñdrH$mê$Z ñdV:da _Z_moH$ionUmZo hgVm `oVo. H$_r doimV OmñVrVOmñV
J§_V `oB©b Ago Ioi KoVm `oVmV. XmoZ gÌm§_Yrb doimV J§_V Ioi KoVë`m_wio Ambobm
H$§Q>mim OmD$Z nwT>rb gÌ Zì`m CËgmhmV gwê$ H$aVm `oVo. åhUyZ H$moUË`mhr d`moJQ>mVrb
ì`ŠVr¨~amo~a IoiVm `oVrb Ago Ioi nwT>o {Xbo AmhoV. ~m¡{ÕH$ Ioimà_mUo `m Ioim§V
Ioi Pmë`mda MMm© KoD$ Z`o. {ZIi AmZ§X, AmaS>mAmoaS>m H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho Ioi {e{~amV
AgmdoV.
J§_V O§_V Ioi/73

6.1 Omio _¡ÌrMo
g§{jßV dU©Z- bmoH$arMm Jw§S>m EH$_oH$m§H$S>o Q>mHy$Z AmoiI H$ê$Z KoUo.
CÔoe- J§_VrVyZ JQ>mVrb _wbm§Mm n[aM` H$ê$Z KoUo. _wbm§_Ü`o _moH$ionUm AmUÊ`mgmR>r `m IoimMr
ZŠH$s _XV hmoB©b.
gm{hË`- bmoH$arMm Jw§S>m
doi- 25 {_. 10-12 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, gyMZm 5 {_. 15 {_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- bmoH$arEodOr OmS> a§Jr~oa§Jr g°Q>rZMr [a~rZ KoVë`mg {dUbo OmUmao Omio N>mZ {Xgob.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm Jmob H$ê$Z C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm- "_mÂ`m hmVm_Ü`o EH$ bmoH$arMm Jw§S>m Amho. hm Jw§S>m Á`mÀ`mH$S>o qH$dm {OÀ`mH$S>o _r \o$H$sZ
{VZo/Ë`mZo Jw§S>m Pobm`Mm Amho. _r Jw§S>m \o$H$VmZm bmoH$arMo EH$ Q>moH$ _mÂ`mH$S>o KÅ> Yê$Z \o$H$sZ.
Á`m _wbmH$S>o _r hm Jw§S>m \o$H$sZ Ë`mZo Vmo Pobm`Mm Amho. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mZo ñdV:Mo Zmd, Amnbr AmdS>,
gdm©V OmñV AmZ§X Pmbobm jU gm§Jm`Mm Amho. ho gd© gm§JyZ Pmë`mda bmoH$arMo EH$ Q>moH$ KÅ> Yê$Z
bmoH$arMm Jw§S>m Xwgè`m _wbr/_wbmH$S>o Q>mH$m`Mm Amho. Ë`m _wbmZo Vmo PobyZ Amnbm n{aM` Aem àH$mao
Úm`Mm Amho. Ë`mZo naV bmoH$arMo Q>moH$ Yê$Z bmoH$arMm Jw§S>m Xwgè`m _wbmH$S>o Q>mH$m`Mm Amho. Aem
àH$mao àË`oH$mMm n[aM` H$ê$Z KoV _¡ÌrMo Omio {dUm`Mo Amho.'
A{YH$- doioÀ`m CnbãYrZwgma n[aM`mMo _wÔo dmT>dV hm Ioi CbQ>çm H«$_mZo ¿`mdm. ho H$aVmZm {dUbobo
Omio gmoS>dV bmoH$arMr Xmoè`mMr naV Jw§S>r H$amdr. Ago H$aUo eŠ` Zgob Va bmoH$a Jw§S>rbm Jw§S>miV
EH$_oH$m§H$S>o \o$H$mdoV åhUOo bmoH$a dm`m OmUma Zmhr. naV Ioim`bm bmoH$a Cn`moJr `oB©b.
Zm|Xr- AmË_{dídmgmZo ~mobUmè`m d Z ~mobUmè`m VgoM ñdV:Mm n[aM` H$ê$Z XoVmZm ñdV:~Ôb
{deof H$mhr gm§JUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
74/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

6.2 {d_mZVi
g§{jßV dU©Z-"Pw§wB© ' AmdmO H$aV JmobmV {\$aVm {\$aVm "Wm§~m' Ago à{ejH$mZo åhQ>ë`mZ§Va _wbm§Zr
hì`m Ë`m {d_mZVimda OmD$Z C^o amhmdo.
CÔoe- VËnaVm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r, H§$Q>mim KmbdÊ`mgmR>r
doi- 30 {_. 50 _wbm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, àË`j Ioi 20 {_.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- IoimVrb CËgmh dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r _wbm§Zm "P§wB©' AmdmO _moR>çm§Xm åhUm`bm gm§Jmdo.
Wm§~m åhQ>ë`mda Vr ì`dpñWV {d_mZVimda OmD$Z C^r amhV AmhoV Zm Vo ~Kmdo.
nÕVr- OmñVrVOmñV _wbm§~amo~a hm Ioi IoiVm `oB©b. Mma H$monao qH$dm Mma bm§~ bm§~ dVw©io H$mTy>Z
Ë`mda _w§~B©, H$bH$Îmm, _X«mg, {Xëbr Aer ñQ>oeZMr Zmdo {bhmdrV.
gyMZm- "_wbm§Zmo, JmobmV {d_mZmgmaIo Vwåhr "Pw§B©'..... H$aV {\$am`Mo Amho. Ooìhm _r "Wm§~m' åhUoZ
Voìhm Vwåhr Vwåhmbm hì`m Agboë`m ñQ>oeZda OmD$Z C^o ahm`Mo Amho. _mPo S>moio _r `m IoimV ~§X
R>odUma Amho. Ë`m_wio _r "Wm§~m' åhQ>ë`mZ§Va Á`m ñQ>oeZMo Zmd KoB©Z, VoWo Agbobr gd© _wbo ~mX
hmoVrb. Aem àH$mao eodQ>n`§ªV Ioi Ioim`Mm Amho. ~Kỳ m H$moU eodQ>r qOH$Vo Vo !'
A{YH$ - _wbo OmñV AgVrb Va ñQ>oeZm§Mr Zmdo dmT>dmdrV.
Zm|Xr- OmoaXma nim`bm H§$Q>miUmar _wbo, CËgmhmZo IoimV gh^mJr hmoUmar _wbo `m§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
{d_mZVi/75

6.3 Jm`-åh¡g
g§{jßV dU©Z- `m IoimV JmobmV ~gyZ qH$dm C^o amhÿZ "3' øm A§H$mEodOr Jm` d "6' øm A§H$mEodOr
åh¡g åhUUo.
CÔoe- ñ\y$Vu, VËnaVm dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r
doi- 35 {_. 15-20 OUm§gmR>r, 5{_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 25 {_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- "3' d "6' A§H$m§EodOr _wbo bj XoD$Z Jm`-åh¡g åhUVm AmhoV Zm, `mH$S>o bj Úmdo.
_wbm§Zm g_OÊ`mgmR>r IoimMr n[hë`m§Xm gamd \o$ar ¿`mdr. JS>~S> d ~S>~S> H$aUmè`m _wbm§H$S>o bj Úmdo.
nÕVr- 15-20 OUm§Mm JQ> H$amdm. hm Ioi JmobmV ~gyZ/C^o amhÿZ KoVm `oB©b. `m IoimÀ`m AmYr
~gyZ Ioi Pmbo AgVrb Va hm Ioi Cä`mZo ¿`mdm.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr gJù`m§Zr AmH$S>çm§Mo doJdoJio Ioi Ioibo AgVrbM. AgmM EH$ J§_VrXma A§H$m§Mm
Ioi AmnU AmO IoiUma AmhmoV. JQ>m_Ü`o 1 nmgyZ 100 n`ªV AmoirZo AmH$S>o åhUm`bm gwédmV
H$am`Mr Amho. \$ŠV "3' hm AmH$S>m {OWo {OWo Agob Ë`m _wbmZo "3' À`m EodOr "Jm`' d "6' EodOr
{VWo "åh¡g' Ago åhUm`Mo Amho.
AmVm Z_wÝ`mgmR>r AmnU EH$ \o$ar KoD$ `m. gdmªZr em§VnUo Ioi Ioim`Mm Amho. \$ŠV A§H$
åhUUmè`m _wbmMm AmdmO Ambm nm{hOo. Vwåhmbm Vw_À`m AmYrMm _wbJm H$moUVm A§H$ åhUVmo Amho
Vo gdmªZm EoHy$ Jobo nm{hOo.
_mÂ`m COì`m hmVmÀ`m _wbm§Zr A§H$ åhUm`bm gwé$dmV H$am-EH$, XmoZ, Jm`, Mma, nmM, åh¡g,
gmV, AmR... ~mam, EH$ Jm`, Mm¡Xm, n§Yam, EH$ åh¡g.
`mo½` {R>H$mUr "Jm`-åh¡g' Z åhUUmam qH$dm MwH$sMm AmH$S>m CÀMmaUmam _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr
IoimVyZ ~mX hmoB©b. (EH$Xm _wbm§Zm Ioi g_Obm H$s ^am^a A§H$ åhUm`bm gm§Jmdo.')
àH$ma- 1) AmUIr VrZÀ`m nQ>rV àmÊ`m§À`m Zmdm§Mr g§»`m dmT>dVm `oB©b. CXm. Jm`, åh¡g, ~¡b
2) nmT>o KoD$Z hm Ioi IoiVm `oB©b.
3) XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z EH$m JQ>mbm "2' Mm nmT>m Xwgè`m JQ>mbm "3' Mm nmT>m åhUm`bm bmdyZ
H$moUVm JQ> {O§Ho$b Vo ~Km`M§.
76/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

4) nXmWmª§Mr Zmdo KoD$ZgwÕm hm Ioi IoiVm `oB©b. CXm. dS>m-nmd, nmd-^mOr, ^oi-nwar,
nmUr-nwar, BS>br-dS>m.
Zm|Xr- "Jm`-åh¡g' Zo_Ho$, H$moR>o åhUm`Mo `mV Jm|Yi H$aUmè`m, MwH$Umè`m d AMyH$nUo bj XoD$Z
Ioi IoiUmè`m _wbm§~m~V Zm|X ¿`mdr. bdH$a ~mX hmoUmè`m _wbmÀ`m à{V{H«$`m§À`m Zm|Xr H$amì`mV.
h_mar hr _wÇ>r _| AmH$me gmam
h_mar hr _wÇ>r _| AmH$me gmam
O~ ^r IwboJr M_Ho$Jm Vmam
h_mar hr _wÇ>r _| AmH$me gmam
O~ ^r IwboJr M_Ho$Jm VmamŸ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
H$^r Zm T>bo Omo dmo hr {gVmam
{Xem {Oggo nohoMmZo g§gma gmam
h_mar hr _wÇ>r _| AmH$me gmam
O~ ^r IwboJr M_Ho$Jm Vma m&&1Ÿ&&
hWobr no aoImE± h¡, g~ AYwar
{OgZo {bIr h¡, Zht OmZZm h¡
CbPmZo CZH$mo, Z AmEJm H$moB©
g_PZm h¡, CZH$mo `o AnZm H$a_ h¡ &&2Ÿ&&
AnZo H$a_ go {XImZm h¡ g~H$mo
IwXH$m naIZm C^aZm h¡ IwXH$mo
A§Yoam {_Q>mE dmo ZÝhm eamam
{Xem {Oggo nohoMmZo g§gma gmam
h_mar hr _wÇ>r _| AmH$me gmam
O~ ^r IwboJr M_Ho$Jm Vmam &&3Ÿ&&
Jm`-åh¡g/77

6.4 \$gdm\$gdr
g§{jßV dU©Z- S>moio Z ~m§YVm nmÊ`mÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m Amobm§S>Uo d S>moio ~m§YyZ nmÊ`mÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m H$mTy>Z
KoD$Z ~mQ>ë`m Amobm§S>Ê`mg gm§JUo.
CÔoe- J§_VrgmR>r, JQ>mV CËgmh d _moH$ionUm AmUÊ`mgmR>r
gm{hË`- 6-8 nmUr ^aboë`m 1 brQ>aÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m d _moR>o ê$_mb
doi- 25 {_. 10-15 _wbm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. àË`j Ioi
n«{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbo Iyn hgVrb, WmoS>m X§Jm hmoB©b; hm AmZ§X _wbm§Zm KoD$ Úmdm.
nÕVr- 10 Vo 15 _wbm§Mm JQ> H$amdm. 6-8 nmUr ^aboë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m AmoirZo WmoS>çm WmoS>çm
A§Vamda R>odyZ _J _wbm§Zm nwT>rb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "Vw_À`m g_moa `m nmÊ`mÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m AmoirZo R>odboë`m AmhoV. Vwåhr gdmªZr XmoZ doim AmoirZo
~mQ>ë`m dê$Z nm` K>odyZ ~mQ>ë`m Z nmS>Vm Amobm§S>m`À`m AmhoV. (Amobm§Sy>Z XmIdUo) H$moUrhr ~mQ>ë`m§À`m
~mOyZo nm` ¿`m`Mm Zmhr. (H$ê$Z XmIdUo) `mà_mUo ~mQ>ë`m Amobm§Sy>Z Pmë`mda _wbm§Zm nwT>rb gyMZm
Úmì`mV.
AmVm Vw_À`mVrb {Zåå`m§À`m S>moù`m§da ê$_mb ~m§Ym`Mm Amho. S>moio ~m§Yboë`m§Zr da
gm§{JVë`mà_mUo EHo$H$mZo `m ~mQ>ë`m Amobm§S>m`À`m AmhoV. Amobm§Sy>Z Pmë`mda S>moù`m§darb ê$_mb
H$mT>m`Mm Amho d ~mH$sÀ`§mZr ~mQ>ë`m AmobmS>Umè`m§Mr J§_V ~Km`Mr Amho. gyMZm g_Oë`m H$m?
(S>moio ~m§YyZ Pmë`mda à{ejH$mZo AmdmO Z H$aVm hiyM ~mQ>ë`m H$mTy>Z ¿`m`À`m AmhoV.
S>moio Z ~m§Yboë`m _wbm§Zm H$mhrhr ~moby Úm`Mo Zmhr. gdmªMo S>moio CKS>ë`mda gd© _wbo Pmboë`m \${OVrda
hgVrb Ë`m hemV gm_rb hmoD$Z AmZ§X ¿`mdm.)'
78/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

A{YH$- S>moio ~m§Yë`mda _wbo Mmbm`bm Km~aVrb, Ë`mdoir _wbm§Zm àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. _wbo nS>Uma
ZmhrV, BOm hmoUma Zmhr `mH$S>o bj Úmdo. _wbm§da XS>nU `oUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
_wŠVnUo hmbMmbr H$aÊ`mg dmd Úmdm.
àH$ma- gwédmVrbm ~mQ>ë`m ZmJ_moS>r R>odyZgwÕm hm Ioi KoVm `oB©b. _moH$ù`m OmJr, ~mJoV hm Ioi
KoVë`mg AmUIr _ÁOm `oB©b.
`m IoimÀ`m XmoÝhr \o$è`m§Mo Oa eyqQ>J H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm XmIdbo Va AmUIr OmñV J§_V `oB©b.
Zm|Xr- S>moio ~m§YÊ`m AJmoXa d Z§Va _wbm§À`m hmbMmbr§Vrb ~Xb Zm|Xdmdm. XmoÝhr \o$è`m§V ghOVoZo ^mJ
KoUmè`m d Z KoUmè`m Aem _wbm§À`m Zmo§Xr ¿`mì`mV.
JrV Jm aho h¢ AmO h_...
am{JZr H$mo Ty>±T>Vo hwE,
Am JE `hm± Odm H$X_
qOXJr H$mo Ty>±T>Vo hwE>Ÿ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
`o {Xbmo _| `o C_§J h¡
h_ Ohm± Z`m ~gmE|Jo
qOXJr H$m Xm¡a AmO go,
XmoñVmo H$mo h_ {gImE|Jo
\y$b h_ Z`o {IbmE|Jo
© VmOJr H$mo Ty>±T>Vo hwEŸ&&1Ÿ&&
XhoO H$m ~wam [admO h¡,
AmO Xoe _|, g_mO _|
h¡ V~mh AmO AmX_r
byQ>> na {Q>Ho$ g_mO _|
h_ g_mO ^r ~ZmE±Jo
AmX_r H$mo Ty>±T>Vo hwEŸ&&2Ÿ&&
\$gdm\$gdr/79

6.5 Amåhr gmJamÀ`m bmQ>m
g§{jßV dU©Z- nmÊ`mMr bmQ> dmQ>>ob Aem nÕVrZo `m IoimV _wbm§Zr CS>çm _mam`À`m AmhoV.
CÔoe- EH$mJ«Vm, PQ>H$Z {ZU©` KoÊ`mMr j_Vm, EoH$Ê`mMr g§doXZj_Vm dmT>Uo, _wŠV hmbMmbtVyZ
AmZ§X KoUo.
gm{hË`- H$mhr Zmhr.
doi- 35 {_. 15-20 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 25{_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbm§Zm _wimVM: CS>çm _mam`bm AmdS>VmV, Ë`m_wio IoiVmZm _wbo X§Jm H$aÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm Amho. Jm|Yi hmoUma Zmhr `mH$S>o bj Úmdo.
nÕVr- _wbm§H$Sy>Z "1'-"2' A§H$ åhUyZ KoD$Z XmoZ JQ> H$amdoV. EH$m JQ>mbm _mJ©Xe©H$mÀ`m COdrH$S>o
d S>mdrH$S>o EH$m AmoirV gai am§JoV nwT>À`m _wbmÀ`m Im§Úmda hmV R>odyZ C^o amhmÊ`mg gm§Jmdo d nwT>rb
gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr gdmªZr nmÊ`mÀ`m bmQ>m ~{KVë`m AgVrb? (_wbo "hmo' åhUVrb.) Ver bmQ> Vwåhmbm
~Zdm`Mr Amho. àW_ am§JoVrb nwT>À`m _wbrZo OmJodaM C§M CS>r _mam`Mr Amho. Ë`mMr/{VMr CS>r _mê$Z
Pmë`m Pmë`m Ë`mÀ`m/{VÀ`m _mJÀ`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo C§M CS>r _mam`Mr Amho. AmYrÀ`m _wbm§Mr CS>r
_mê$Z Pmë`m Pmë`m _mJÀ`m§Zr CS>çm _mam`À`m AmhoV. I§S> Z nS>Vm CS>r _maë`mda EH$ bmQ> V`ma
hmoB©b. CS>r _maVmZm Im§Úmdarb H$moUrhr H$mT>m`Mo Zmhr. gyMZm g_Oë`m H$m? Mbm Ioi gwê$ H$ê$.'
80/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

n«H$ma - 1) AmoirÀ`m _mJÀ`m {H$§dm g_moaÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ~mOyZo MwQ>H$s dmOdbr AgVm Ë`m ~mOyÀ`m
_wbmZo àW_ CS>r _maUo.
2) _wbm§Zm S>moio {_Qy>Z am§JoV C^o H$amdo. Amho d OoWo MwQ>H$s dmOob VoWyZ bmQ> gwê$ H$am`Mr.
Zm|Xr- ZrQ> doioda CS>çm _maUmar _wbo d Jm|Yi H$aUmar _wbo `m§Mr Zm|X H$amdr.
***
""ñdV§Ì ^maVmMm ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ _r _mÂ`m Xoembm _hmZ
Pmbobm nmhy BpÀN>Vmo. _mÂ`m Xoe~m§Ydm§Zm CËH¥$îQ> kmZ {_imd`mg
hdo. Ë`m§Zm CÀM gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ OJVm `md`mg hdo. ^maVmMm
EH$ ñdV§Ì ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ Am{U EH$ {ejUVÁk åhUyZ, _mÂ`mH$S>o
{dÚmWu `m ZmË`mZo `oUmè`m _wbm§Zm, _r gËerb Agm _mUyg
~ZÊ`mMo {ejU XoUo, ho _r _mPo AmÚ H$V©ì` g_OVmo.'' Agm
{dMma H$aUmao àMmoXH$, {ejH$ AgUo, hr AmO ^maVmMr JaO
Amho.
- ñdm_r a§JZmWmZ§X
("{ejH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m d O~m~Xmar'----gm^ma)
Amåhr gmJamÀ`m bmQ>m/81

6.6 goìhZ-An
g§{jßV dU©Z- `m IoimV JmobmV C^o amhÿZ 1 Vo 7 AmH$S>o åhUm`Mo AmhoV. gmVì`m AmH$S>çmbm
"goìhZ-An' åhUyZ S>moŠ`mda hmV R>odm`Mm Amho.
CÔoe- J§_VrgmR>r, EH$mJ«Vm d {ZarjUeŠVrMm {dH$mg.
doi- 25 {_. 10 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 15 {_. n«Ë`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- gyMZm H$ië`m H$m `m~Ôb ImÌr H$amdr. gyMZm g_Oë`m ZgVrb Va nwÝhm g_OmdyZ
gm§Jmì`m. Z_wZm \o$ar KoD$Z _J àË`j Ioi gwê$ H$amdm.
nÕVr- gd© _wbm§Zm JmobmV C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm- "AmnU AmVm EH$ Ioi Ioiy `m. Ioi H$gm Ioim`Mm Vo _r Vwåhm§bm gm§JVo. bj XoD$Z IoimÀ`m
gyMZm EoH$m. H$mhr e§H$m Agë`mg _mPo ~mobUo Pmë`mda Vwåhmbm {dMmarZ, Voìhm gm§Jm. Amnbm COdm
hmV S>mì`m Im§Úmbm bmdyZ "EH$' CÀMmam`Mm Amho. (à{ejH$mZo Vgo H$ê$Z XmIdmdo) AmVm S>mì`m
~mOyÀ`m _wbmZo qH$dm _wbrZo ñdV:Mm COdm hmV ñdV:À`m S>mì`m Im§Úmbm bmdyZ "XmoZ' Ago åhUm`Mo.
Ago EH$ EH$ AmH$S>m nwT>o 3,4,5,6 ñdV:À`m àË`oH$mZo COdm hmV S>mì`m Im§Úmbm bmdyZ åhUm`Mo.
gmV AmH$S>m Á`mÀ`mda `oB©b Ë`mZo COdm hmV ñdV:À`m S>moŠ`mda R>odyZ "goìhZ-An ' Ago åhUm`Mo
Amho. Ë`mÀ`m S>mdrH$S>À`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo nwÝhm 1 nmgyZ 6 n`ªV AmH$S>o CÀMmê$Z Ooìhm 7 AmH$S>m `oB©b
Voìhm Ë`mZo "goìhZ-An' åhUV nwÝhm JmobmV Ioi Ioimdo. Á`mZo gmVì`m AmH$S>çmbm goìhZ-An åhUyZ
S>moŠ`mbm hmV bmdbm Zmhr Vmo ~mX hmoB©b d Ë`mZo ~mOybm OmD$Z C^o amhm`Mo Amho. Ioi H$ibm H$m?
(H$ibm Zgë`mg nwÝhm gm§Jmdm d IoiÊ`mMm gamd H$ê$Z _J Iam Ioi gwê$ H$amdm.)'
82/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

àH$ma- darb Ioi IoiVmZm COdm hmV S>mì`m Im§Úmbm bmdë`mda S>mdrH$S>À`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo nwT>Mm
AmH$S>m åhUmd`mMm hmoVm AmVm COdm hmV S>mì`m Im§Úmbm qH$dm S>mdm hmV COì`m Im§Úmbm bmdyZ 1
Vo 7 n¡H$s Omo AmH$S>m Amnë`mda `oB©b Vmo CÀMmam`Mm nU nw¥T>Mm AmH$S>m Á`m Im§Úmbm hmV bmdbm
Ë`m {XeoÀ`m _wbmZo CÀMmam`Mm Amho, ho gdmªZr nQ>mnQ> H$amdo. ~mX Pmboë`m IoimSy>Zo JQ>m~mhoa ~gmd`mMo
Amho.
A{YH$- `m IoimV ZrQ> bj Úmdo bmJV Agë`mZo H$mhr _wbo bdH$a ~mX hmoVrb. gd© _wbm§Mm CËgmh
d Ë`m§Zm dmT>>Umar _Om ~KyZ ~mX Pmboë`m _wbm§Zm ñdV:daM hgÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. ZmamO hmoD$ XoD$
Z`o. haUo d qOH$Uo gmR>r gm_moao OmÊ`mg _wb§mMr _mZ{gH$ V`mar hmoD$ Úmdr.
Zm|Xr- `m IoimV _wbm§Mo bj, {ZarjUeŠVr H$er Amho ho bjmV `oD$ eH$Vo. ~mX hmoUmè`m _wbm§À`m
à{V{H«$`m `m gdmªÀ`m Zm|Xr R>odmì`mV.
***
Am^mimV YS>m_YwSy>_
Am^mimV YS>m_YwSy>_, Ym_Yy_ Pmbr
AmfmT>mÀ`m nmdgmMr n{hbr ga Ambr, Am^mimV.....Ÿ&&Y¥Ÿ&&
_mVrMm _ñV dmg Xadibm Amgnmg
nmZ-nmZ, qM~-qM~, W|~-W|~, Pobr, Am^mimV.....Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
Q>nH$-{Q>nH$ {nD$Z ~y§X, nmZ-nmZ, AmO Yw§X
Wamaë`m amZm_Ü`o, Vamaë`m dobr, Am^mimV.....Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
`m {Zù`m KZmg_moa, ZmMVr {ZioM _moa
Ym {Va{H$Q> Ym Ym Ym Ym {Va{H$Q> Ym Ym Ym
`m {Va{H$Q> Ym Ym Ym - Ym Ym Ym
`m {Zù`m KZmg_moa, ZmMVr {ZioM _moa
Bdbrer ^wa© {M_Ur, ehmê$Z Jobr Am^mimV.....Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
gagaga nmdgmV, PmS>m§Mo JrV JmV,
A§JUmV a§JUmV, gmZ Wmoa Ýhmbr Am^mimV&&4Ÿ&&
goìhZ-An/83

6.7 H$mJXmdaMm ZmM
g§{jßV dU©Z- d¥ÎmnÌmMm AmH$ma H$_r H$aV H$aV d¥ÎmnÌmda ZmMUo.
CÔoe- J§_V H$aUo, Vmob gm§^miUo.
doi- 30 {_. 30-40 OUm§gmR>r, nyd©V`mar 5 {_., 5 {_. gyMZm, àË`j Ioi 20 {_.
gm{hË`- d¥ÎmnÌmMo H$mJX, H°$goQ>, Q>onaoH$m°S>©a.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbo ZmMÊ`mg CËgwH$ AgVrbM, Ë`m§À`m ~amo~arZo IoimV gh^mJ KoVë`mg _wbm§Mm
CËgmh dmT>ob.
nÕVr- EH$ bhmZ _wbJm d EH$ _moR>m _wbJm, EH$ _moR>çm JQ>mVrb d EH$ bhmZ JQ>mVrb _wbJm Aem
XmoZ -XmoZÀ`m OmoS>çm H$amì`mV. XmoZ _wbm§_Ü`o EH$ _moR>m dV©_mZnÌmMm H$mJX XoUo.
gyMZm- "Vwåhr gd©OU Zoh_r ZmMV AgUmaM. nU `m IoimV EH$m doJù`m nÕVrZo AmnU ZmMUma
AmhmoV. àË`oH$ JQ>mV _r EH$ d¥ÎmnÌmMm H$mJX XoUma Amho. Vmo H$mJX O{_Zrda A§Wê$Z Ë`mda C^o amhm.
g§JrV gwê$ Ho$ë`m~amo~a Amnmnë`m H$mJXmda àË`oH$mZo ZmMm`bm gwê$ H$am`Mo Amho. _mÌ, ZmMVmZm
H$miOr Aer ¿`m`Mr H$s nona \$mQ>Vm H$m_m Z`o d nm` O{_Zrda OmVm H$m_m Z`o. g§JrV Wm§~bo H$s Ë`m
H$mJXmMr EH$ KS>r Kmbm`Mr (d¥ÎmnÌmMr AYu KS>r Kmbmdr. KS>r KmbyZ XmIdmdm.) Am{U naV
g§JrVmÀ`m Vmbmda ZmMm`Mo Amho, Ago VmB© "Wm§~m' åhUon`ªV H$am`Mo Amho Á`m§Mm H$mJX \$mQ>ob qH$dm
O{_Zrda ZmMVrb Vo IoimVyZ ~mX hmoVrb.'
Zm|Xr- ZmMVmZm Hw$aHw$a H$aUmè`m d IoimV g_ag hmoUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
84/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

6.8 O{_Zrdarb Mmb
g§{jßV dU©Z- VihmV Am{U Vinm` Z Q>oH$Vm MmbUo.
CÔoe- JQ>H$m`m©Vrb ghH$m`© ^mdZm, dñVy§Mm doJim Cn`moJ H$aVm `oUo, à{V^meŠVrMm dmna H$aUo.
doi- 25 {_., nyd©V`mar 5 {_., gyMZm 5 {_., àË`j Ioi 15 {_.
gm{hË`- ^anya _moH$ir OmJm.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- Vinm` d VihmV O{_Zrbm Z Q>oH$dVm MmbÊ`mÀ`m àH$mam§Mr AJmoXa `mXr H$ê$Z R>odUo.
H¥$Vr- _wbm§Mo Vertical Groups H$amdoV. (åhUOo àË`oH$ JQ>mV H$_rVH$_r EH$ _wbJm/_wbJr àË`oH$
B`ÎmoVrb Agob) JQ> H$ê$Z Pmë`mda gdª _wbm§Zm EH$Ì gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "hm Ioi AmnU JQ>m§_Ü`o IoiUma AmhmoV. Amnë`mbm Amnë`m JQ>mZo (EH$Ì) `m hm°bÀ`m
EH$m Q>moH$mnmgyZ Xwgè`m Q>moH$mn`ªV Mmbm`Mo Amho nU `mgmR>r gdmªV _hÎdmMr gyMZm åhUOo, Hw$Rë`mhr
_wbmZo Amnbo Vinm` d VihmV O{_Zrbm Q>oH$dm`Mo ZmhrV. `m hm°b_Ü`o CnbãY AgUmao gm{hË`
dmnam`bm Vwåhmbm nadmZJr Amho. _mÌ hm°bÀ`m ~mhoa H$moUr Om`Mo Zmhr. Z§Va bjmV R>odm VihmV d
Vinm` O{_Zrda Q>oHy$ Úm`Mm Zmhr d Vwåhmbm hm°bÀ`m `m Q>moH$mnmgyZ Ë`m Q>moH$mn`ªV JQ>mZo Om`Mo
Amho.`mgmR>r Vw_À`m JQ>mMr MmbÊ`mMr nÕV R>adÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhmbm JQ>m_Ü`o MMm© H$am`Mr Amho. MM}À`m
10 {_. Z§Va àË`oH$ JQ>mZo AmnU R>adbobr nÕV VmB©bm/XmXmbm gm§Jm`Mr. eŠ`Vmo Amnbr nÕV
Xwgè`m JQ>mbm H$iy Z`o `mMr H$miOr ¿`m. gd© JQ>m§À`m nÕVr R>aë`mda d VmB©bm gm§{JVë`mZ§Va gd©
JQ>m§Zr Amnbr nÕVr EH$ EH$ JQ>mZo nwT>o `oD$Z gmXa H$amd`mMr Amho.'
Zm|Xr- MmbÊ`mMr doJir nÕV emoYyZ H$mT>Umè`m _wbm§Mr d nÕVrMr Zm|X H$ê$Z R>odmdr.
***
O{_Zrdarb Mmb/85

6.9 Jma-H$mo_Q>-Ja_
g§{jßV dU©Z- amÁ` Agboë`m _wbmZo JQ>mV IS>m H$moUmH$S>o Amho Vo AmoiIUo.
CÔoe- VËnaVm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r, J§_VrgmR>r.
doi- 30 {_. 20 _wbm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi
g{hË`- EH$ N>moQ>m XJS.>
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- "Jma-Jma', " H$mo_Q>-H$mo_Q'>, "Ja_-Ja_' ho H$YrH$Yr åhUm`Mo `m~m~V _wbm§_Ü`o
ñnîQ>Vm Ambr Amho Zm ho ~KUo.
nÕVr- _wbm§Zm JmobmV ~gdmdo. Imbrb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "MwZ MwZ IS>m.... H$moUmÀ`m hmVr' hm Ioi gdmªZr IoibmM Agob. AgmM EH$ Ioi AmnU
IoiUma AmhmoV. JQ>mVrb EH$mda amÁ` Agob. Ë`mZo/{VZo gd© _wbm§H$S>o nmR H$ê$Z Jmobm ~mhoa C^o
amhm`Mo Amho. JmobmVë`mM Hw$UmH$S>o Var IS>m {Xbobm Agob Vmo bndbobm Agob. Á`mÀ`mda amÁ`
Agob Ë`mZo/{VZo H$moUmH$S>o IS>m Amho ho AmoiIm`Moo Amho. ~mH$s gd©OUm§Zr amÁ` KoUmam IoimSy>
IS>odmë`mnmgyZ bm§~ Agob Va "Jma-Jma' åhUmdo Vmo/Vr OgOgm Odi OmB©b Vgo "H$mo_Q>-H$mo_Q>'
åhUmdo d Ooìhm Ë`mÀ`m IynOdi OmB©b Voìhm "Ja_ Ja_' åhUmdo. amÁ` KoUmè`mZo IS>m H$moUmH$S>o Amho
ho Ë`mMo {ZarjU H$ê$Z emoYyZ H$mT>md`mMo Amho. emoYyZ H$mT>ë`mda amÁ` AgUmè`m _wbmbm IS>odmë`mÀ`m
OmJr ~gy Úmdo d Ë`mZo amÁ` ¿`m`Mo Amho.'
A{YH$- _wbm§Zm "Jma-H$mo_Q>-Ja_' ho eãX _moR>çm§Xm AmoaSy> Úmdo åhUOo IoimVrb CËgmh dmT>ob d
Á`m _wbm§_Ü`o _Zmda XS>nU Agob Va Vo Xya hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b.
Zm|Xr-nQ>H$Z A§XmO H$ê$Z "IS>odmbm' AmoiIUmè`m d Z AmoiIUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
86/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

6.10 ho{bH$m°ßQ>a
g§{jßV dU©Z- JmobmÀ`m AmV Agboë`m _wbmbm/_wbrbm ho{bH$m°ßQ>a ~ZyZ ~mX H$aUo.
CÔoe- ñ\y$VugmR>r, AmZ§XmgmR>r, VËnaVogmR>r.
doi- 30 {_. 15-20 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 20 {_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbm§Zr ñdV:Mm AmH$S>m ~amo~a bjmV R>odbm Amho H$s Zmhr ho nmhmdo. _wbm§À`m
g§»`oZwgma JmobmMm AmH$ma Agmdm. Jmob AmIÊ`mgmR>r nmUr qH$dm \$ŠH$sMm Cn`moJ H$amdm. à{ejH$mZo
ñdV: CËgmhr amhyZ IoimV gm_rb ìhmdo.
nÕVr- g§»`oZwgma Jmob _moR>m H$amdm. EH$_oH$m§Mo hmV nH$Sy>Z C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm- "JmobmV Wm§~boë`m _wbm§H$Sy>Z AmH$S>o åhUyZ ¿`mdo. (1,2,3....) Omo AmH$S>m _wbmda `oB©b
Vmo Ë`mMm AmH$S>m. Vmo Ë`m AmH$S>çmMo ho{bH$m°ßQ>a Agob. `mZ§Va Jmobm_Ü`o 1 OU _Ü`^mJr `oD$Z
Wm§~ob. _r Omo AmH$S>m nwH$maoZ Ë`m Z§~aÀ`m AmH$S>çmÀ`m ho{bH$m°ßQ>aZo AmV `oD$Z AmVë`m _wbmbm ~mX
H$am`Mo Amho. ho{bH$m°ßQ>a ~ZdVmZm XmoZ hmV ngê$Z Vm|S>mZo "Py§-Py§' AmdmO H$aV ~mX H$am`Mo Amho.
ho{bH$m°ßQ>aÀ`m Im§ÚmMr {Xem Or Agob Ë`mM {XeoZo AmV Om`Mo Amho. Ë`m ho{bH$m°ßQ>aZo Amnbr {Xem
~Xbm`Mr Zmhr. _r Omo AmH$S>m nwH$maoZ Ë`m AmH$S>çmÀ`m ho{bH$m°ßQ>aZo AmV `oD$Z AmVrb _wbmbm
nH$SÊ`mMm åhUOo ~mX H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm. Omo ho{bH$m°ßQ>a AmVrb _wbmbm ~mX H$arb Ë`mbm
_Ü`^mJr C^o amhm`bm {_iob.'
Zm|Xr- ñdV:Mm AmH$S>m bjmV R>odyZ AmH$S>m nwH$maë`mda nQ>H$Z AmV `oUmè`m _wbm§À`m/_wbtÀ`m
Zm|Xr H$amì`mV.
***
ho{bH$m°ßQ>a/87

6.11 A½ZrHw§$S>
g§{jßV dU©Z- JmobmÀ`m AmV (A½ZrHw§S>mV) nS>Ê`mnmgyZ ñdV:Mm ~Mmd H$aUo
CÔoe- emar[aH$ j_Vm§Zm AmìhmZ XoUo, J§_VrgmR>r
gm{hË`- Jmob AmIÊ`mgmR>r ISy>
doi- 25 {_. 15-20 OUm§gmR>r, nyd©V`mar 5 {_., 5 {_. gyMZm, àË`j Ioi 15 {_.
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- _wbo CËgmhmÀ`m ^amV AmoT>mAmoT>r H$aVrb. _wbm§Zm BOm hmoD$ Z`o `mMr
H$miOr ¿`mdr. `m IoimgmR>r _wbm§Mo/_wbtMo JQ> doJio H$amdoV.
nÕVr- EH$ _moR>m Jmob AmIyZ ¿`mdm. AmIboë`m Jmobm~mhoa Jmobmbm ñne© Z H$aVm EH$_oH$m§Mo
hmV Yê$Z JmobmVM _wbm§Zm C^o H$amdo.
gyMZm- "`m AmIboë`m JmobmÀ`m ~mhoa EH$_oH$m§Mo hmV Yê$Z gdmªZr C^o amhm`Mo Amho.
JmobmMm AmVrb ^mJ åhUOo A½ZrHw§$S> hmò . `m A½ZrHw§$S>mV Omo nS>ob qH$dm earamMm H$moUVmhr
^mJMm A½ZrHw§$SmÀ`m aofobm ñne© hmoB©b Vmo A½ZrHw§$S>mV OmD$Z ~gob. `mgmR>r Amnë`m COì`m
hmVmÀ`m _wbmbm/_wbrbm A½ZrHw§$S>mV nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$am`Mm Amho. Ë`mM Ë`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo
A½ZrHw§$S>mV nS>Ê`mnmgyZ ñdV:Mm ~Mmd H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mm Amho. A½ZrHw§$S>mV nS>boë`m _wbm§Zr
JmobmÀ`m AmV EH$ Jmob H$ê$Z ~gm`Mo Amho. ~Ky {H$Vr OU nQ>H$Z A½ZrHw§$S>mV nS>V AmhoV.'
Zm|Xr- A½ZrHw§$S>mV nS>Ê`mnmgyZ H$moUH$moUVr _wbo H$em nÕVrZo ñdV:Mm ~Mmd H$ê$Z KoV AmhoV
`mMr Zm|X H$amdr.
***
88/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

6.12 gwXe©Z MH«$
g§{jßV dU©Z- gd© _wbm§À`m ~amo~a JmobmV niV Agboë`m _wbmbm/_wbrbm JmobmÀ`m ~mhoê$Z
niUmè`m amÁ` Agboë`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo ~mX H$aUo.
CÔoe- gm§{KH$ àoaUm, J§_VrgmR>r
doi- 35 {_. 15-20 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 gyMZm, 25 {_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- IoiVmZm _wbm§Mr `mo½` Vr H$miOr ¿`mdr. _moR>çm _moH$ù`m OmJoda hm Ioi ¿`mdm.
nÕVr- gd© _wbm§Zm EH$_oH$m§Mo hmV Yê$Z Jmob H$am`bm gm§Jmdo.
gyMZm- "Mbm, AmVm Jmob V`ma Pmbm Zm? Vmo VmUyZ eŠ` VodT>m _moR>m H$am. Vw_À`mn¡H$s EH$OU
AmVm JmobmÀ`m ~mhoa Wm§~ob. (Vo {ZpíMV H$amdo.) AmVm hm Jmob EH$m {XeoZo niV gwQ>ob. Ë`mÀ`m ~amo~a
AOyZ EH$OU JmobmÀ`m AmVyZ niob. ~mhoa niUmè`m _wbmZo/_wbrZo AmVyZ niUmè`m _wbmbm/_wbrbm
~mX H$am`Mm à`ËZ H$am`Mo Amho Va JmobmVrb gdmªZr Vgo H$aÊ`mnmgyZ Ë`mbm/{Vbm hmV Z gmoS>Vm
amoIm`M§ Amho. nmhỳ m {H$Vr doimV EHo$H$OU ~mX hmoVmV Vo!'
Zm|Xr- AmZ§XmZo gh^mJ KoUmè`m d H§$Q>miUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zmo§Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
gwXe©Z MH«$/89

6.13 nd©V-Xar
g§{jßV dU©Z- AZoH$ nd©V-Xè`m nma H$ê$Z nwT>o niUmè`m _wbmbm/_wbrbm ~mX H$aUo.
CÔoe- VËnaVobm dmd, emar[aH$ j_Vobm VmU XoÊ`mgmR>r.
doi- 35 {_. 20-25 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 25 {_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- IoiVmZm _wb§mZm BOm hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. Ioi _moH$ionUmZo Ioibm
Omdm `mgmR>r _wbm§Mm d _wbtMm JQ> doJim H$ê$Z Ioi ¿`mdm.
nÕVr- "nd©V-XarÀ`m' pñWVrV _wbm§Zm C^o H$amdo. "nd©V' åhUOo _wbm§Zr H$_aoVyZ dmHy$Z hmVm nm`m§À`m
A§JR>çmbm Yamdo. XargmR>r _wbm§Zm ñdV:À`m XmoÝhr nm`m§V OmñVrVOmñV A§Va KoD$Z C^o H$amdo.
"nd©V d Xar _Ü`o' nwaogo A§Va ¿`mdo. "EH$ AmS> EH$ Xar d nd©V' Aem àH$mao _wbm§Zm C^o H$ê$Z
IoimgmR>rÀ`m Imbrb gyMZm Úmì`mV.
gyMZm- "AmVm nd©V XarÀ`m pñWVrV Vwåhr EH$m AmS> EH$ JmobmV C^o amhm`Mo Amho. AmVm EHo$H$mZo
niVmZm nwT>o "nd©V' Ambm Va dê$Z CS>r _maV d "Xar' Ambr Va g_moaÀ`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m XmoÝhr-nm`m§VyZ
nim`M§ Amho. nwT>o niUmè`m _wbm§Zm _mJyZ `oUmè`m _wbm§Zr ~mX H$am`Mo Amho. niVmZm H$moUrhr Xar
{H$§dm nd©V Jmim`Mo Zmhr. gyMZm g_Oë`m H$m? Mbm Ioi gwê$ H$am.'
Zm|Xr- MniVoZo niUmè`m, CS>r _maUmè`m d Z _maUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV.
***
90/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

6.14 Hw$bwn - {H$ëbr
g§{jßV dU©Z- EH$_oH$m§Mo hmV Yê$Z gai am§JoV Cä`m amhrboë`m n{hë`m _wbmZo am§JoVrb eodQ>À`m XmoZ
_wbm§À`m hmVmImbyZ g§K KoD$Z OmD$Z Ë`mbm "Hw$bwn bmdUo'. Ago Hw$bwn gd© _wbm§À`m gmIirbm
bmdyZ naV AemM nÕVrZo Hw$byn CKS>Uo.
CÔoe- gm§{KH$ AmZ§X KoÊ`mgmR>t, Team Spirit dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r
doi- 35 {_. 30-40 OUm§gmR>r, 5 {_. nyd©V`mar, 5 {_. gyMZm, 25 {_. àË`j Ioi
à{ejH$m§gmR>r- hm Ioi _moH$ù`m _¡XmZmda, ~mJoV ¿`mdm. hm Ioi IoiVmZm Ioi ZrQ> Ioibm OmB©b
ho nmhmdo. hm Ioi IoiVmZm _wbm§Mm X§Jm hmoD$Z _wbo Iyn hgVrb Vo Ë`m§Zm H$ê$ Úmdo. nU _wbm§Zm Ioi nyU©
g_Obm Amho Zm Vo nmhmdo.
nÕVr- gma»`m g§»`oMo XmoZ JQ> H$amdoV, XmoÝhr g§Km§Zm g_moamg_moa Ioim`bm nwaoem A§Vamda C^o H$amdo
d EH$_oH$m§Mo hmV Yam`bm gm§Jmdo.
gyMZm- "gdm©Zr EH$_oH$m§Mo hmV Yam`Mo AmhoV. XmoKm§À`m hmVm§ImbyZ àË`oH$OU OmD$ eHo$b
EdT>o A§Va àË`oH$m§_Ü`o KoD$Z C^o amhm. am§JoVrb n{hë`m _wbmZo niV OmD$Z eodQ>À`m _wbm§À`m hmVmImbyZ
g§nyU© g§K ZoD$Z eodQ>À`m _wbmbm "Hw$bwn' bmdm`Mo Amho. AgoM naV eodQ>yZ Xwgè`m, {Vgè`m _wbmÀ`m
hmVmImbyZ g§K Ý`m`Mm Amho. Aem àH$mao gd© _wbm§Zm Hw$bwn bmdm`Mo Amho. bjmV R>odm hmV A{O~mV
gmoS>m`Mm Zmhr. g§nyU© g§Kmbm Hw$bwn bmdë`mda gdmªMr Vm|S>o ~mhoaÀ`m {Xeobm hmoVrb.
Hww$bwn - {H$ëbr/91

`mZ§Va g§KmMo Hw$bwn CKS>Ê`mgmR>r nyd©dV hmoÊ`mgmR>r Omo n{hbm _wbJm Amho Vmo eoOmaÀ`m
_wbmÀ`m hmVmImbyZ ~mhoa nS>ob. Ago H$aV H$aV Á`mbm gdmªV n{hë`m§Xm "Hw$bwn' bmdbo Ë`m _wbmMo
Hw$bwn gdm©V eodQ>r CKS>bo OmB©b. åhUOo am§JoMo Vm|S> AmVë`m [XeoZo hmoB©b. Omo g§K gdm©V àW_
"Hw$bwn' bmdob d CKS>ob Vmo g§K {dO`r R>aob.'
Zm|Xr- nim`bm H§$Q>miUmè`m, hiy niUmè`m _wbm§À`m Zm|Xr H$amì`mV.
H$Wmg§J«h
• Xadi 40
• _¥X²J§Y 60
• ~ha 50
• _mohmoa 60
• H$hmUr XmoZ ^mdm§Mr 30
• _¥Xw^md OmJo hmoVm... 30
b{bV boIg§J«h
• AbJwO 45
• Ho$dS>çmM§ nmZ 40
H${dVm/ñ\y${V©JrVm§Mm g§J«h
• Aja~mobr 30
• H${dVoÀ`m Jmdm 30
Zm_d§Vm§À`m H$mì`mMr
agJ«hUmË_H$ nwñVHo$
• J§Y _mohdr H$mì`mMm 1 50
• J§Y _mohdr H$mì`mMm 2 50
H$mì`n§ŠVtMm g§J«h
• eãXm§Mr aËZo
H¥${Vna nwñVHo$
• {Ì{_VrMr {H$_`m
• 3 D Magic 80
{dMma d H¥${VàdV©H$ nwñVHo$
• ñdrH$maerb ñdXoer 50
• hÅ>r ìhm, hÅ>r! 50
• h[aV g§Xoe Ÿ12
92/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
kmZ à~mo{YZrMr àH$meZo
{dMma d H¥${VàdV©H$ nwñVHo$
• ñdrH$maerb ñdXoer 50
• hÅ>r ìhm, hÅ>r! 50
• h[aV g§Xoe Ÿ12
AZw^dna, àoaUmXm`r nwñVHo$
• Va§J _ZmMo 50
• Am`wî`mVrb dmXibmQ>m 60
• H$Wm BñÌmoMr 60
ì`pŠV{dH$mgmer {ZJ{S>V
nwñVHo$$
• ì`pŠV{dH$mgmgmR>r {dÚmd«V70
• à{V^oÀ`m n«m§VmVrb àdmg 50
• H$ënH$ ~Zy `m 60
• {OÔrMr bmo^g ê$n§ 60
• JrVm-JrVmB© 10
_m{hVrna nwñVHo$
• {J`m©amohUJmWm 40
• N>§X AmH$meXe©ZmMm 60
• dmMboM nm{hOo
Ago H$mhr-1 20
• dmMboM nm{hOo
Ago H$mhr-2 20
• Amnbm nmD$g 30
Aä`mg{df`H$ nwñVHo$
• Ago KQ>Vo gw§Xa Aja 10
• àkm~moY - 1 _amR>r 40
• àkm~moY - 2 _amR>r 30
***
• àkm~moY - 1 B§J«Or 40
• àkm~moY - 3 60
• àkm~moY - 3 60
• àkm~moY - 4 50
• àkm~moY - 5 70
• àkm~moY - 6 60
• àkm~moY - 7 70
M[aÌna nwñVHo$
• amîQ´>ÐîQ>o {ddoH$mZ§X 75
• EH$ AXå` CËH$Q> M¡VÝ` 50
{ejU{df`H$ nwñVHo$
• ê$n nmbQy> {ejUmMo 30
• ~w{Õd¡^d 20
• hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg
^mJ-1 100
• gm_m{OH$ OmUrd g§dY©Z 80
• n§MH$moe {dH$gZmVyZ {ejU50
• AmZ§XXm`r {ejU 1 80
• AmZ§XXm`r {ejU 2 50
• AmZ§XXm`r {ejU 3 60
• AmZ§XXm`r {ejU 4 50
• ~mb{dH$mg H|$Ð _mJ©X{e©H$m30
• How we Learn 50
• Glory of Intelligence 30
• Enhancement of Intelligence
Through Play 130

7. g§H$sU©
7.1 àmW©Zm
àmW©Zm hm {e{~amVrb _hÎdmMm ^mJ Amho. _wbm§Zm {e{~amV Amë`mda emar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$
pñWaVm bm^mdr. gyMZm g_OÊ`mg Amdí`H$ VodT>r em§VVm {Z_m©U ìhmdr `mgmR>r àmW©Zm \$maM à^mdr
R>aVo VgoM _Z EH${MÎm hmoD$Z àgÝZ dmQ>Vo. _wbm§Zm CËgmh dmQ>Vmo d ñ_aUeŠVrg MmbZm {_iVo.
àmW©Zm hr AW© g_OyZ KoD$Z gmoß`m MmbrV åhQ>br Omdr. _wbm§Zm àmW©ZoMm AW© gm§Jmdm, AW©
H$ië`m_wio àmW©Zm Ë`m ^mdZoZo åhQ>br OmB©b d brZVm d H¥$VkVoMo ^md {Z_m©U hmoVrb. àmW©Zm
n[aUm_mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo à^mdr Agmdr.
àmW©Zm {ZdS>VmZm Iyn H$miOrnyd©H$ {ZdS>mdr. CXm. _wbm§Zm àmW©ZoMo CÀMma `mo½` àH$mao åhUVm
`mdoV. ghO CÀMmaVm `oUmè`m àmW©Zm åhUVmZm eãXmoÀMmamÀ`m ghOVoà_mUo _wbm§Mo JQ> nmS>bo OmdoV.
ghO CÀMmaVm `oUmè`m àmW©Zm gd© _wbm§À`m EH${ÌVnUoM ¿`mì`mV. _wbo Hw$Rë`m ^mfoVyZ {ejU KoVmV d
Ë`m§Zm {H$VnV g§ñH¥$V CÀMma H$aVm `oVmV (àmW©Zm g§ñH¥$V ^mfoVyZ Agë`mg) ho nmhyZ Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Mo
doJio JQ> H$ê$Z eãXmoÀMma {eH$dUo JaOoMo Amho. JUnVr AWd©erf©, am_ajm gma»`m àmW©Zm {eH$dm`À`m
AgVrb Va XaamoO H$mhr íbmoH$ {eH$dmdoV _wbm§À`m AmH$bZmà_mUo {H$Vr íbmoH$ {eH$dmdoV ho R>admdo.
_wbo àmW©Zm EH${ÌVnUo åhUV Agë`mZo {e{~amÀ`m gmV {Xdgm§À`m H$mbmdYrV nmR> Pmbobr AgVo, Agm
AZw^d Amho.
àgÝZVm
H¥$VkVm
_ZmMr ewÕVm
n{dÌVm
pñWaVm
em§VVm
brZVm
Z_«Vm
àmW©Zm/93

94/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
7.2. H$WmH$WZ
Oo AZw^d AmnU X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV AZw^dbobo ZgVmV qH$dm Á`m§Mm àË`j AZw^d KoD$ eH$V
Zmhr Aem JmoîQ>tMo AZw^d _wbm§Zm H$WmH$WZmVyZ `oVmV. Agm AZw^d _wbm§Zm XoÊ`mgmR>r JmoîQ> gm§JVmZm
_wbm§Mo bj doYyZ KoVm `oB©b Aem à^mdrnUo gm§JVm `mdr. Ë`mgmR>r JmoîQ>rMr gwé$dmV, JmoîQ>rVrb KQ>ZmH«$_,
ì`ŠVraoI§mMo aoImQ>Z `m gd© KQ>H$m§À`m ~maH$mì`m§gh g{dñVanUo dU©Z Ho$ë`mg _wbm§da JmoîQ>rMm à^md
nS>Vmo. àmÊ`m{df`r JmoîQ> gm§JVmZm, O§JbmVrb àg§J dU©Z H$aVmZm, àmÊ`m§Mo AmdmO, O§JbmMm
KZXmQ>nUm, VoWrb dmVmdaU `m gdmªMo dU©Z a§OH$nUo gm§JVm Ambo nm{hOo. JmoîQ>rVrb ^mdZm, Xw:I,
AmZ§X, ^rVr gm§JVmZm gm§JUmè`mÀ`m AmdmOmV MT>-CVma Agë`mg Ë`mMm n[aUm_ OmñV hmoVmo.
n[aUm_H$maH$nUo gm§{JVbobr JmoîQ> _wbm§À`m g§doXZerb _Zmbm n§M|{Ð`m§Zm àmoËgmhZ XoVo. H$Wm EoH$VmZm
_wbo KoV Agbobm AZw^d Ë`m§À`m Mohè`mda ñnîQ>nUo dmMVm `oVmo. Aer JmoîQ> gm§JVm `oUo hr EH$ H$bm
Amho d Vr gamdmZo AdJV H$aVm `oVo.
EImXm ZdrZ {df`, {dMma _wbm§n`©V nmohmoMdm`Mm Agob qH$dm ZH$mo Agboë`m gd`r, dmJÊ`mV
gwYmaUmË_H$ ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUm`Mm Agob Va "H$WmH$WZ' ho gmYZ åhUyZ Cn`moJmV AmUVm `oVo.
gË`H$Wm, H$mën{ZH$ H$Wm, n§MV§Ì, nm¡am{UH$ H$Wm, bmoH$H$Wm, Z¡{VH$, d¡km{ZH$ H$Wm Aem
doJdoJù`m àH$maÀ`m JmoîQ>t_YyZ _wbm§n`©V {df`m~amo~a Ë`m Ë`m doiMr n[apñWVr, g§ñH¥$Vr,
bmoH$m§À`m~ÔbMr _m{hVr nmohmoMdVm `oVo. Aem JmoîQ>tMm àM§S>> gmR>m à{ejH$m§H$S>o AgUo OéarMo Amho.
JmoîQ>r {ZdS>VmZm d`moJQ>mZwgma JmoîQ> gm§Jmdr.
JmoîQ> nma§n[aH$ nÕVrZo gm§JÊ`mà_mUoM AmUIrhr doJdoJù`m AmH$f©H$ nÕVrVyZ JmoîQ>rMo gÌ
KoVm `oB©b. H$mhr doiobm _wbm§Zm JmoîQ> gm§Jm`bm gm§Jmdr. JQ>mV JmoîQ>tMo dmMZ H$amdo, à{ejH$m§Zr EH$
JmoîQ> gm§Jmdr d Ë`mMm eodQ> ~Xbm`bm gm§Jmdm. JQ>mV WmoS>r WmoS>r JmoîQ> _wbm§Zm gm§Jm`bm gm§Jmdr.
{MÌmdê$Z JmoîQ> gm§Jm`bm gm§Jmdr qH$dm H$mhr dñVy, ì`ŠVr d àg§J gm§JyZ `m AmYmamda Am`Ë`mdoir
JmoîQ> gm§Jm`bm gm§Jmdr.
JmoîQ>r_Ü`o Amd©OyZ nmiÊ`mMo nÏ` åhUOo H$moUVrhr JmoîQ> gm§JyZ Pmë`mda "`m JmoîQ>rVyZ H$m`
{eH$m`bm {_imb§? H$m` g_Ob§?' Ago àíZ bJoM {dMmaÊ`mMr KmB© H$ê$ Z`o. Ago Ho$ë`mZo JmoîQ>rVrb
n[aUm_H$maH$Vm d J§_V {ZKyZ OmVo. JmoîQ> à^mdrnUo gm§{JVbr Jobr Agob Va JmoîQ> g§nVmM {VMo
VmËn`©, Ë`mVrb _yë`o _wbm§H$Sy>Z AmngyH$ `oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo.
JmoîQ> g§në`mda eŠ`Vmo 'Relaxation' gmaIr H¥$Vr ¿`mdr. JmoîQ> EoH$VmZm _wbm§Zm _moH$ionUo
~gy Úmdo. nmbWo nSy>Z dm PmonyZ JmoîQ> EoHy$Z Úmdr. EoH$VmZm à{ejH$m§Zr _wbm§Mr {ZarjUo Zm|XdmdrV.
JmoîQ>r `m {e{~amÀ`m Ame`mà_mUo Agmì`mV. à^mdr nÕVrZo gm§{JVboë`m JmoîQ>r _wbm§À`m
A§Va§Jmn`ªV ghOnUo nmohmoMVmV.
***

7.3 {e{~am{df`r WmoS>ogo......
{e{~amMo {Z`moOZ H$aÊ`mg gmono Omdo åhUyZ Ë`mMm VrZ ^mJmV {dMma H$aVm `oB©b.
1. {e{~amMr àmW{_H$ V`mar.
2. àË`j [e{~a KoVmZmMo {Z`moOZ
3. [e{~a Pmë`mZ§VaMr AmdamAmdar g§~§Yr
1) {e{~amMr àmW{_H$ V`mar XmoZ ^mJmV H$aVm `oB©b.
[e{~a ì`dñWmnZmg§~§YrMr V`mar
d`moJQ>, {e{~amMm H$mbmdYr, amoOMr doi, _wbm§Zr {e{~amV `oVmZm AmUmd`mÀ`m JmoîQ>r
R>admì`mV.
{e{~amÀ`m ñWmZmMr {ZpíMVr, Zmd Zm|XUrMr ì`dñWm, {e{~amMo ewëH$ {ZpíMV H$amdo.
{e{~a g_Ýd`H$, [e{~a à_wI,JQ>à_wI `m§À`m ~¡R>H$s R>admì`mV.
{e{~amVrb EHy$U H$m_mMo dmQ>n H$amdo.
{e{~a KoÊ`mnyduMr V`mar
{e{~a g_Ýd`H$, {e{~a à_wI, JQ>à_wI, JQ> ghmæ`H$ `m§Mr ~¡R>H$ R>adyZ {e{~amÀ`m à_wI
{df`mMr {ZpíMVr H$aUo. {df`mZwgma {e{~am§À`m gÌm§Mo {Z`moOZ d V`mar. àH$ënmV H$moUH$moUVo _wÔo
¿`mdoV øm~m~VMr g{dñVa MMm© V`mar H$amdr.
{e{~amMo doimnÌH$ V`ma H$aUo.
d`moJQ>mZwgma Ioi, àH$ën, JmUr, JmoîQ> {ZpíMV H$amdr.
àË`oH$ à{ejH$mZo hñVH$boMm gamd H$amdm.
2) {e{~a KoVmZmMo {Z`moOZ
{e{~a ho g_Ý`dH$, {e{~a à_wI, JQ>à_wI d JQ> ghmæ`H$ `m gdmªZr EH${ÌVnU H$aÊ`mMo
JQ>H$m`© Amho. nwT>rbà_mUo amoOÀ`m O~m~Xmè`m§Mo JQ> ghmæ`H$m§Zm {Xdgmà_mUo gmondmì`mV.
dJ© d ñdÀN>VmJ¥h V`ma H$ê$Z R>odUo.
amoOÀ`m gm_mZmMr V`mar H$aUo.
Amdí`H$ VoWo {e{~am§_Ü`o N>m`m{MÌo H$mT>mdrV.
amoO _wbm§Mo ñdmJV H$aUo-_wbm§Zm nmbH$m§À`m gwnyV© H$aUo.
doimnÌH$mà_mUo gd© gÌo d {ZarjUmÀ`m Zm|Xr ¿`mì`mV. {XdgmÀ`m eodQ>r gd à{ejH$m§Zr
EH$Ì `oD$Z {Xdg^amÀ`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm ¿`mdm. Xwgè`m {XdgmÀ`m doimnÌH$mMr MMm©
H$amdr.
{e{~am{df`r WmoS>ogo....../95

Xwgè`m {XdgmgmR>r bmJUmao H$mJX, H$mÌUo dJ¡aoMr V`mar H$ê$Z R>odmdr. `moOZonojm OmñV
doi Cabm Va H$m` H$amdo? qH$dm doi H$_r nS>bm Va H$m` H$amdo? `mMm AmYrM {dMma
H$ê$Z R>odmdm.
ghbrgmR>r nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z g§_Vr nÌ ¿`mdoV.
ghb d àH$ën^oQ>r `m§Mo AJmoXa {Z`moOZ Ho$bobo Agbo Var nwÝhm g§nH©$ gmYyZ ImÌr
H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
{deof {Z_§{ÌVm§gmR>rMr Am^manÌHo$ Am{U ew^oÀN>mnÌo _wbm§H$Sy>Z nwaoer AmYrM H$ê$Z
¿`mdrV.
Am`Ë`m doir H$mhr AS>MUr Amë`mg g_Ýd`H$ d [e{~a à_wIm§Zr nañna MM}VyZM
{_iyZ `mo½` Vmo {ZU©` ¿`mdm.
{e[~a Mmby AgVmZm àW_monMmamMr (First Aid Box) gmò R>odmdr. doi Amë`mg
S>m°ŠQ>am§H$S>o Omdo bmJbo Va AmYrM g§nH©$ H$ê$Z R>odmdm.
3) [e{~a g§në`mZ§Va......
AmdamAmda- {e{~a g§në`mZ§Va Caboë`m gm{hË`mMr gyMr H$ê$Z nwÝhm dmnaVm `oB©b
Aem nÕVrZo R>odmdo.Á`mMo gm{hË` AmUbobo Amho Vo naV H$amdo d Ë`mMr Zm|X R>odmdr.
OmJoMr ñdÀN>Vm H$ê$Z R>odmdr. {heo~ nyU© H$amdm. YÝ`dmX nÌo doirM nmohmoMdmdrV.
{ZarjUmÀ`m Zm|Xr R>odmì`mV. d¥ÎmboIZ H$amdo.
emoY~moY- Hw$Umhr ì`ŠVrda Q>rHo$Mm amof Z R>odVm _wÔm bjmV KoD$Z {e{~amV "Mm§Jb§
H$m` Pmb§' `mMm emoY ¿`mdm. nwT>À`m doiog H$m` XwéñË`m H$am`bm hì`mV, H$m` ^a
Kmbm`bm hdr, `mdoir H$moR>o H$_r nS>bmo, Jm§oYi Pmë`mg H$moR>o d H$em_wio Jm|Yi Pmbm
`mMr Zm|X R>odmdr.
Ym[aUrH$aU- AZmdí`H$ VmËnwaË`m Zm|Xr H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo. nwT>rb H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r Cn`moJr
nS>Vrb Ago H$mJX EH$Ì H$aUo. {Z`moOZ, ImVodmQn, H$m_mMr gyMr, AZw^dmVyZ H$m`
{_imbo `mMr gyMr H$ê$Z R>odmdr d Vo gd© ZrQ> doJdoJù`m Ym[aÊ`m§_Ü`o R>odmdoV. gd© {ZarjU
gyMr ZrQ> ^aboë`m d bmdboë`m Agmì`mV.
l_n[ahma- CËgmh dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r, AmZ§X VgoM {e{~amVrb à{V{H«$`m EH$_oH$m§_Ü`o
dmQy>Z KoÊ`mgmR>r gdmªZr EH$ÌnUo gh^moOZmZo JmoS> eodQ> H$amdm.
***
96/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2

g_mamon...
{dMmam§Mr n{hbr ~mOy åhUOo {dMmam§Mr _mÜ`_o hmò . ÑH$, lmì`, {MÝhmË_H$,
^m{fH$ d dV©ZmË_H$ hr {dMma§mMr nmM _mÜ`_o AmhoV. `m j_Vm§darb Ioi àñVwV
nwñVH$mV {Xbo AmhoV. Oar Ioim§Mr {d^mJUr `m j_V§mZwgma Ho$br Agbr Var Ioi nwT>o
ZoÊ`mgmR>r AmH$bZ, ñ_aU, ~hþ{Xe {dMma, EH${Xe {dMma d _yë`_mnZ `m gd© {dMma
à{H«$`m§_YyZ Ioibm OmVmo, hr {dMmamMr Xwgar ~mOy Amho. {Vgè`m ~mOyMm {dMma IoimÀ`m
{ZînÎmr_Ü`o Ho$bm OmVmo. {d{eîQ> Ioi H$m Ioibm Jobm, H$emgmR>r Ioibm Jobm `m
MM}_YyZ KoVbm OmVmo. IoimVrb MM}_Ü`o IoimÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVrb Cn`moJmer gm§JS>
KmVbr OmVo. "hm dmg H$emMm?' qH$dm "AmdmO EoH$m A§H$ AmoiIm' `m IoimV dmg d
lmì` j_Vm§da ^a {Xbm. AmH$bZ d ñ_aU `m j_Vm§gmR>r gwÕm hm Ioi IoiVm `oVmo.
"{H$_`m R>í`m§Mr' `mV ~hþ{Xe {dMma j_Vobm MmbZm {_iVo. Ago àË`oH IoimMo
doJdoJio C{ÔîQ> IoimÀ`m gwê$dmVrbm {Xbobo Amho. {Xboë`m H«$_mZwgma Oa Ioi Ioibm
Jobm Va Ë`mMm _wbm§Zm ZŠH$s Cn`moJ hmoVmo ho g§emoYZmVyZ {XgyZ Ambo Amho.
~w{Õ_ÎmoÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r ~wÕrÀ`m VrZhr ~mOy§Zm dmd XoUmao AOyZhr Ioi
ZŠH$s XoVm `oVrb.
nwñVH$mVrb Ioi dJm©V, {e{~am§_YyZ KoVm `mdo `mgmR>r n[a{eîQ>mV {e{~a
H$m`©H«$_ {Xbm Amho.
7 Vo 12 df} d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§gmR>r ho Ioi {Xbo Agbo Var WmoS>m\$ma ~Xb
H$ê$Z gd© d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§gmR>r, ì`ŠVtgmR>r ZŠH$sM KoVm `oVrb. Ioi KoVë`mZ§VaMm
Amnbm AZw^d Zm|Xdmdm d Oê$a H$idmdm.
_wbm§Mm hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mgmMm àdmg ^mJ-1 _YyZ gwê Pmbm Vmo
^mJ-2 _Ü`o Amåhr nwT>o Zobm Amho. Vmo AgmM nwT>o ZoD$ hm {dídmg ì`ŠV H$ê$Z VyV©
`oWo {bImU Wm§~dV AmhmoV.
g_mamon.../97

n[a{eîQ>-1 [e{~amMm H$m`©H«$_...
n{hbm {Xdg
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, ícmoH$, nmR>m§Va 20
2. _¡ÌrMo Omio 20
3. eãX _Zmoam 30
4. JmUr 20
5. ŸdVw©imH$ma dñVy§Mr `mXr H$aUo 20
6. _moH$irH$ 30
7. Ym[aUr gOmdQ> 30
8. goìhZ An 20
9. "G$VwMH«$' àH$ënm~m~V MMm© 30
10. {d_mZVi 20
11. {df` KoD$Z Jßnm 20
12. H$WmH$WZ 20
13. [dlm§Vr 10
{Vgam{Xdg
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, ícmoH$, nmR>m§Va 20
2. H$mJXmdaMm ZmM 20
3. [abo S´>m°B©J 45
4. goìhZ An 20
5. JmUr 15
6. _moH$irH$ 30
7. gmobmdwS>Mr \w$bo 30
8. Oa Am{U Va 20
9. G$Vwà_mUo Amnbo nXmW© 30
10. A½ZrHw§$S> 20
10. Mbm, H$Wm V`ma H$ê$ 30
12. {dlm§Vr 10
98/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
Xwgam {Xdg
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, ícmoH$, nmR>m§Va 20
2. \$gdm\$gdr 20
3. hm Ioi ^mdZm§Mm !... 30
4. A§JR>çmnmgyZ {MÌ H$mT>Uo 25
5. JmUr 20
6. _moH$irH$ 30
7. H$mJXmMr {nedr 30
8. g§Xoe dmhH$ 30
9. G$Vwà_mUo dmVmdaU ~Xb 30
10. JmoîQ> dmMm`bm gm§JUo 30
11. {dlm§Vr 10
Mm¡Wm {Xdg
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, ícmoH$, nmR>m§Va 30
2. AmH$mam§er J§_V 30
3. Jm` åh¡g 15
4. Amnë`m Am`wî`mVrb _hËdmMo jU
/{Xdg MMm© 25
5. {MÌ{Z{_©Vr 20
6. _moH$irH$ 30
7. JmUr 20
8. {Q>eyMr \w$b§ 20
9. n«H$ënmÀ`m _m{hVrgmR>r dmMZmg doi 20
10. G$Vwà_mUo ¿`md`mMr H$miOr-nÏ`o 30
11. S>m|Jambm AmJ bmJbr nim nim 20
12. H$WmH$WZ 30
13. {dlm§Vr 10

nmMdm {Xdg
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, ícmoH$, nmR>m§Va 30
2. ZjrXma \$aer 30
3. Amnbr H$V©ì` d O~m~Xmè`m 20
4. Amåhr gmJamÀ`m bmQ>m 20
5. JmUr 20
6. _moH$irH$ 30
7. _mñH$ V`ma H$aUo 30
8. XJS> H$m _mVr 20
9. àH$ënmÀ`m _m{hVrMr OwidmOwid 20
10. {df` XoD$Z ZmQ>çN>Q>m H$aUo 20
11. H$WmH$WZ 30
12. AmZ§X Ho$ìhm Ho$ìhm hmoVmo? 20
13. {dlm§Vr 10
ghmdm {Xdg
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, ícmoH$, nmR>m§Va 30
2. AmR>dm AmR>dm AmdmO AmR>dm 20
3. JmUr 20
4. eãXH$moS>r V`ma H$aUo 20
5. Hw$bwn -{H$ëbr 20
6. _bm AmdS>Umè`m ì`ŠVr 20
7. _moH$irH$ 30
8. Amo[aJm_r _Yrb doJdoJio njr H$aUo.30
9. àH$ënmÀ`m {df`r dmMZmgmR>r 20
10. eãX gmIir 20
11. àH$ënmÀ`m _m{hVrMo
gmXarH$aUmMr V`maro 30
12. Jma-H$mo_Q>-Ja_ 20
13. {dlm§Vr 15
{Xdg gmVdm
Ioi/H¥$Vr
A§XmOo {_{ZQ>o
1. ›H$ma, àmW©Zm, íbmoH$, nmR>m§Va 30
2. ñne© ñ_aU 20
3. Xar-nd©V 20
4. àXe©ZmMr _m§S>Ur 40
5. _moH$irH$ 30
6. gmXarH$aUmMr V`mar d àË`j H$m`©H«$_
{e{~a KoVmZm _hÎdmMo ---
1. IoimMm CÔoe gmÜ` hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
2. {e{~amMr gwédmV H$aÊ`mMr d g§ndÊ`mMr doi H$mQ>oH$moa nmimdr.
3. _wbm§À`m à{VgmXmZwgma {e{~amVrb Ioim§À`m doioV Amdí`H$ dmQ>ë`mg H$_r-OmñV ~Xb H$amdm.
***
n[a{eîQ>-1/99

n[a{eîQ>-2
CnH«$_m§Mr _m{hVr
àkm _mZg g§emo{YHo$V\}$
{d{dY à{ejUdJ©, H$m`©emim nmbH$-_wbo-à{ejH$ `m§À`mgmR>r
"gdmªJrU ~mb {dH$mg' {e{~a
* ~m¡{ÕH$, ^md{ZH$, gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmbm MmbZm
* {dMma H$m¡eë`m§Zm MmbZm
* 7 Vo 11 d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§gmR>r
CÝhmir gwQ²>Q>çm§_Ü`o
*
*
*
100/hgV IoiV ~w{Õ{dH$mg ^mJ-2
_wbm§gmR>r
"j_Vm g§dY©Z' {e{~a
* ~m¡{ÕH$, ^md{ZH$, gm_m{OH$~m¡{ÕH$, ^md{ZH$,
gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmbm MmbZm
* {dMma H$m¡eë`m§Zm MmbZm
* 12-16 d`moJQ>mVrb _wbm§gmR>r CÝhmir gwQ²>Q>çm§_Ü`o
"{Za§Va ~mb{dH$mg' H$m`©H«$_
* ~m¡{ÕH$, ^md{ZH$, gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r {dMma H$m¡eë`m§Zm MmbZm
* ~mb{dH$mg {Z`{_V CnH«$_mMm nmR>nwamdm
* df©^a gmVË`mZo KoVbm OmUmam
nmbH$m§gmR>r
"gwOmU nmbH$Ëd' H$m`©emim
"~ha OmonmgVmZm' H$m`©emim
* ~m¡{ÕH$, ^md{ZH$, {dH$mgmMo Q>ßno
* {H$emoad`rZ _wbm§_Yrb ~Xbm§Mr emñÌr` _m{hVr.
nmbH$m§Mr _wbm§_Yrb H¥$Vrerb Jw§VdUyH
* nmbH$ åhUyZ ¿`md`mMr H$miOr d g§dmX H$m¡eë`o
* Crucial 'C'/Omohmar qdS>mo Aem g§H$ënZm§Mm n[aM`
* MMm©Ë_H$ gÌo * MMm©Ë_H$ gÌo
à{ejH$m§gmR>r
"àkm à~moYH$' H$m`©emim
~m¡{ÕH$ j_Vm§Mr AmoiI d OmonmgZm H$er H$amdr, ~m¡{ÕH$ Ioi, {e{~amV KoVbo OmUmao CnH«$_
H$moUVo AgmdoV, H$moUH$moUË`m nÕVrZo ¿`mdoV.
_wbm§~amo~a H$m_ H$aUmè`m d H$ê$ BpÀN>Umè`m àm¡T>m§gmR>r
_mZgemñÌmMm nyd©Aä`mg AgUmè`m§Zm àmYmÝ`.
darb gd© CnH«$_ _mZgemñÌr` {gÕm§Vmda d àkm _mZg g§emo{YHo$V Pmboë`m g§emoYZmda AmYm[aV
AmhoV. nwÊ`mV d nwÊ`m~mhoa darb CnH«$_m§À`m Am`moOZmgmR>r d g{dñVa _m{hVrgmR>r g§nH©$
kmZ à~mo{YZr, àkm _mZg g§emo{YH$m
510 gXm{ed noR>, nwUo 411030. XyaÜdZr Z§. 24207142, 24430110