Production and utilization of biogas in Estonia (Mr. Ülo ... - BEF Group

Production and utilization of
biogas in Estonia
Ülo Kask,
Tallinn University of Technology
11.06.2008, Riga

Topics to be discussed
• About history on biogas projects in
Estonia
• Changes in Estonian agriculture and
economy
• Ongoing projects
• Landfill gas and biogas projects
• Future prospective and plans

Estonia
• Total area 45 th
km 2
• Forest area 21 th km 2
• Degree days 4220
• Average temperature
– January 1996 -7.0
o
C
– July 1996
15.0 o C
• Population 1.345 mio
• Population density
30 per km 2
• Currency
Estonian kroon = 100
sents
15.6466 EEK = 1 €

Former biogas projects
• Biogas plant in Pärnu based on animal (pig)
manure
– In operation: 1987-1997 (Est. - Czech joint project)
– Production 6210 nm 3 /day (in 1997: 3500 nm 3 /day)
– Operation stopped in 1997 due to closing the pig
farm
• Biogas plant at Linnamäe based on animal
(pig) manure
– In operation: 1987- 1995 (Danish technology)
– Operation stopped in 1995 due to corrosion
damages of the concrete tanks

Change of livestock in Estonia
1200
1000
800
Cattle
..dairy cows
Pigs
Sheep and goats
Horses*
Thousands
600
400
200
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Number of holdings by number of
dairy cows
1-2
heads
3-9
heads
10-19
heads
20-29
heads
30-49
heads
2001 13073 3181 622 176 122
2003 9273 1947 511 179 144
2005 6619 1463 444 177 150
50-99 100-199 200-299 >=300
Total heads heads heads heads
2001 17527 104 113 60 76
2003 12397 97 102 64 81
2005 9210 112 99 60 86
Heads = cows in herd

Pigs in holdings
Number of
holdings
Number
of pigs
Average
holding size
pigs/holding
2001 11 791 328 920 28
2003 7 674 356 899 47
2005 4 707 355 242 75

Theoretical potential of biogas from manure by type of animals (poultry,
horses, sheep, pigs, cattle) in Estonia
Biogaas, m 3 /a
9 000 000
8 000 000
7 000 000
6 000 000
Biogaas kanasõnnikust
Biogaas hobusesõnnikust
Biogaas lambasõnnikust
Biogaas seasõnnikust
Biogaas veisesõnnikust
5 000 000
4 000 000
3 000 000
2 000 000
1 000 000
0
Harju Hiiu Ida-
Viru
Jõgeva Järva Lääne Lääne-
Viru
Põlva Pärnu Rapla Saare Tartu Valga Viljandi Võru
Maakond

Theoretical potential of biogas from biodegradable waste,
sewage sludge and manure in Estonia
Biogas, m3/a
16 000 000
14 000 000
12 000 000
Biogas from Biodegredable Waste
Biogas from Sewage Sluges
Biogas from Manure
10 000 000
8 000 000
6 000 000
4 000 000
2 000 000
0
Harju
Hiiu
Ida-Viru
Rapla
Saare
Tartu
Valga
Viljandi
County

Theoretical potential of biogas from herbaceous biomass (energy
crops), biodegradable waste, sewage sludge and manure in Estonia
45 000 000
40 000 000
35 000 000
Biogaas hohelisest biomassist
Biogaas biolag.jäätmetest
Biogaas heitvee mudast
Biogaas sõnnikust
30 000 000
25 000 000
20 000 000
15 000 000
10 000 000
5 000 000
1
0
Harju Hiiu Ida-
Viru
Jõgeva Järva Lääne Lääne- Põlva Pärnu Rapla Saare Tartu Valga Viljandi Võru
Viru
Maakond
Biogaas, m3/a

Potential of heat and electricity from waste biogas
Nr
County
Electricity
from
manure
Heat from
manure
Electricity
from
sewage
sludge
Heat from
sewage
sludge
Electricity
from
biodegradable
waste
Heat from
biodegradable
waste
Total
electricity
Total
heat
Total
electrical
capacity
of CHP
Total heat
capacity
of CHP
MWh el MWh th MWh el MWh th MWh el MWh th MWh el MWh th MW el MW th
1 Harju 22 338 23 048 11 790 12 165 3 199 3 301 37 328 38 514 4,67 4,81
2Hiiu 2 448 2 526 0 0 48 50 2 497 2 576 0,31 0,32
3Ida-Viru 3 587 3 701 4 616 4 762 149 154 8 352 8 617 1,04 1,08
4 Jõgeva 16 366 16 886 0 0 2 349 2 424 18 715 19 310 2,34 2,41
5Järva 18 354 18 937 232 239 104 108 18 690 19 284 2,34 2,41
6 Lääne 6 394 6 597 0 0 133 137 6 526 6 734 0,82 0,84
7 Lääne-
Viru 22 947 23 676 445 459 11 802 12 177 35 194 36 313 4,40 4,54
8 Põlva 10 968 11 316 0 0 96 99 11 064 11 415 1,38 1,43
9 Pärnu 14 139 14 589 1 078 1 113 615 635 15 833 16 336 1,98 2,04
10 Rapla 12 727 13 132 0 0 0 0 12 727 13 132 1,59 1,64
11 Saare 12 677 13 080 366 378 1 168 1 205 14 211 14 663 1,78 1,83
12 Tartu 11 343 11 703 1 875 1 934 1 554 1 603 14 771 15 241 1,85 1,91
13 Valga 6 294 6 494 185 191 164 169 6 643 6 854 0,83 0,86
14 Viljandi 21 678 22 367 0 0 65 67 21 743 22 434 2,72 2,80
15 Võru 7 347 7 581 259 267 4 142 4 273 11 748 12 121 1,47 1,52
Total 189 607 195 634 20 845 21 507 25 589 26 402 236 041 243 544 29,5 30,4

OÜ Saare Economics Jööri biogas
project
• Location (on islands) – Saare county Valjala
parish
• Project started in 2004, main construction and
installation works finished in autumn 2005
• Official opening 10.03.2006, adjustments up to
autumn 2006
• Biogas production technology from Belgium -
company Group Machiels
• CHP technology from Germany – company
MDE

OÜ Saare Economics Jööri biogas project
• Manure is collected from 8 pig farms with 27 000
pigs – 40 000 t/a
• Sludge from Kuressaare sewage water treatment
plant – 3 000 t/a
• Biogas production – 2.4 mio m 3 /a
• Capacity of CHP unit – 350 kW el and 350 kW th
• Estimated energy production –
– 2 200 MWh el /a, 25% should be sold to grid, 75% is own
demand
– 3 500 MWh th – will be used for heating the digester and
for space heating
• Water from digestion residue is removed using
centrifuge. Both solid and liquid parts after
centrifuging will be used as fertilizer, solid part
might be sold

OÜ Saare Economics Jööri biogas project
• Total investment cost – 60 mil EEK = 3.83
M€
– 12% from investment cost – support from EU
Life programme
– 75% from investment cost – loan
– Other – support from EU structural funds
• Equipment cost - 50 mil EEK = 3.19 M€
– Cost of equipment for digestion and water
treatment – 50% of equipment cost
– Cost of CHP installation 50% of equipment cost

Other biogas projects
• In Tallinn Sewage Water Treatment Plant
the yearly sewage gas production is
2.8 Mm 3 /y and it energy content in biogas
exceeds 13 GWh/y
• In Narva Sewage Water Treatment Plant
biogas project should start in 2008 - 2009

Tallinn Pääsküla landfill
• Tallinn - population about 400,000 inhabitants
• Annually 200 - 220 thousand tons of organic waste
has been generated and stored in the Pääsküla
landfill
• The Pääsküla landfill was in operation from 1962 until
2003
• Landfills area occurs about 25 ha with the average
height of garbage layer up to 40 meters
• In 1994 A new company Terts Ltd was founded and it
started to carry out a biogas-producing project at
Pääsküla
• In 1994 3000 meters of gas filters and 1000 meters of
connections pipes was installed. Today these
numbers are 10000 m and 5000 m

Landfill gas utilization phases
• Landfill gas collection began in 1994 (commissioning date Dec.
1994)
– Estimated biogas production 1000 nm 3 /h with CH 4 content
50%
– Gas was used for heating about 1000 apartments
• First cogeneration heat and power station (CHP), owned by
Terts Ltd, was commissioned on December, 2001.
• Second CHP, owned by Terts Ltd, was commissioned on
November, 2004
• Installed ordinary Otto gas engines made by company
Jenbacher (Austria)
• Electrical output of both CHP units - 836 kW and thermal output
- 1050 kW
• Today the waste disposal to Pääsküla landfill has finished and
landfill has covered

Pääsküla landfill

Data on biogas project
Estimated biogas output up to 1000 nm 3 /h
after closing the landfill output
should increase up to 1500
nm 3 /h
Methane content in biogas CH 4
content about 62 %
(2005), (presumed 50 %)
Total production of heat energy
(sold)
Investment cost in 1994
All investments to 2003
To 2005
9-10 GWh/year (2004-2005)
5 million EEK (0.32 million €)
15 million EEK (0.96 million €)
28 million EEK (1.79 million €)

Products supplied
• Biogas → to DH company Tallinna Küte AS
• Heat → to DH companies Tallinna Küte AS
and Fortum Termest AS
• Power → to power company Eesti Energia AS

Energy output from Pääsküla
landfill plant
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Biogas, MWh 6 957 7 047 1 120 935 825
635
Heat, MWh 5 771 4 658 5 755 9 589 9 982 8 988
Electricity,
MWh
Turnover,
MEEK/M€
6 804 6 067 7 214 12 416 13 135 12 405
7.4/
0.47
6,6/
0.42
6.8/
0.43
12.0/
0.77
12.8/
0.82
15.9/
1.02

Potential biogas production of largest Estonian landfills
Jrk
nr
Prügila
Hinnanguline
prügi mass, mln
t
Massi
gaasitootlikkus
Hinnanguline
gaasitook 20 a
jooksul, mln m 3
Primaarenergia
hulk, GWh
125 m 3 /t 150 m 3 /t 125 m 3 /t 150 m 3 /t
1 Pääsküla, Tallinn * 4 500 600 2500 3000
2 Aardlapalu, Tartu (Lange) 1,5 187,5 225 937,5 1125
3 Narva, Ida-Virumaa (Arumäe) 0,8 100 120 500 600
4 Pärnu, Pärnumaa 0,2 25 30 125 150
5 Võru, Võrumaa (Räpo) 0,1 12,5 15 62,5 75
6 Valga, Valgamaa 0,097 12,125 14,55 60,625 72,75
Kokku 6,7 837,1 1004,6 4185,6 5022,8
Calorific value of landfill gas ~5 kWh/m 3

Other landfill gas projects
New Tallinn
landfill
Uikala landfill
(Ida-Viru
county)
Väätsa landfill
(Järva county)
Landfill gas is
collected and
combusted in
order to avoid
CH 4 emissions
to the
atmosphere
Not plans for
CHP, yet
In 2007 a CHP
unit should be
installed
Too small
landfill for CHP
unit

Future plans
• Jõelähtme parish (located nearby Tallinn)
– In 2003 270,460 t of organic waste has been
collected. From total amount of organic waste
76.7% might be used for biogas production, i.e
207,418 t/a
– Manure from local cattle and big farms should
be collected from the distance up to 40 km
• From the year 2007 few farms have been
carried out feasibility studies on manure-toenergy
projects

Biogas stations in Estonia (red – working ones,
brown - under design

Thank you for attention!