Dairy Farm Energy Management Handbook - Wisconsin Department ...

Equipment Operation and Maintenance
Water Heater Replacement
A water heater may last 10 to 15 years with proper use and care. However, in
case one needs replacement, it’s a good idea to be prepared and to know
your options.
There are three very basic things to consider when selecting a water heater:
• The first step is to decide what type of energy you want to use for
heating water (i.e., electric, LP or natural gas, or oil) based on fuel
pricing and efficiency.
• Second, you will need to determine the amount of hot water required
over a specific time period.
• Third, you’ll want to select a water heater with a high “Energy Factor”
rating.
The Energy Factor (or overall efficiency factor) takes into account both water
heating efficiency and standby losses.
The water heater tank should be insulated with a minimum of 2.5 inches or
preferably 3 inches of foam insulation with a R-16 or higher value, according
to Sanford. Fiberglass insulation is not recommended due to moisture and
rodent problems.
The outer cover should be a non-corrosive material such as stainless steel or
plastic, if it will be located in wash-down areas.
Heating water accounts for about 18% of the energy used on a dairy farm.
How much water is used and the temperature to which the water is heated
directly impacts the amount of energy used. (3)
Heating water above 165° F is not usually necessary and wastes energy. A
properly adjusted wash system, which minimizes air admissions and uses a
warm pre-rinse (100 - 110° F.), can wash the milking system effectively
without using excessive high water temperatures.
It’s also important to closely follow the manufacturers’ recommendations on
wash solution flow rates through the milking units for cleaning so that you
don’t waste water.
Tune Up Your Washing System
A basic way to minimize energy usage is to make sure that your washing
systems – including clean-in-place systems – for the bulk tank and milking
system are operating efficiently and properly. These two areas use a lot of
water.