r02n8100029

23
Experimental study to evaluate bicycle trip
as a commuting measure in Tokyo Area
2002
02N8100029F
Sumito SHIRAI
2004 3

MAPPLE10000
50m 9 2
4
23
12
1539 45 30
10
[7]
i

1 ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 .........................................................................................................................1
1.2 .........................................................................................................................2
2 23 ................................................................. 3
2.1 ..................................................................................3
2.1.1 ............................................................................3
2.1.2 ............................................................................................................4
2.2 ................................................................................................6
2.2.1 ........................................................................................................6
2.2.2 .................................................................................................6
2.3 ......................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 ......................................................................................................................9
2.3.2 ..........................................................................................9
2.3.3 50m ()....................................................................................10
2.3.4 .............................................................................................................10
2.3.5 2 ........................................................................................... 11
2.3.6 .............................................................................................................12
2.4 .........................................................................14
2.4.1 MAPPLE10000 .........................................................................................................14
2.4.2 ...........................................................................................14
2.4.3 ...........................................................................................16
2.5 ................................................................................20
2.5.1 .............................................................................20
2.5.2 ...............................................................23
2.5.3 ..........................................................................30
3 ................................................................................... 32
3.1 ................................................................................................................32
3.1.1 ......................................................................................................32
3.1.2 tobler ............................................................................................................33
3.2 ..............................................................................................35
3.2.1 ....................................................................................35
3.2.2 Tobler .........................................................................36
4 ........................................................................ 40
4.1 .............................................................................................................40
4.2 ................................................................................................................44
4.2.1 ...................................................................................................44
4.2.2 ..........................................................................................................45
4.3 ....................................................................................48
5 ...................................................................................................................... 52
5.1 ...............................................................................................................................52
5.2 .......................................................................................................................53
ii

54
55
iii

1
1.1
40[km/h]
door to door
30
45 23
30
1

1.2
2

2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1
60
50
40
30
4.8[km/h]
4 15.0[km/h]
7 17.5[km/h]
12 3
2 32.0[km/h]
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
km
2.1 [1]
3

4.8km/h
15km/h 4
17.5km/h 7
9
2.1
2.1
16.7 36.7
17.7 33.7
17.5 34.5
32.0km/h 3 2
12 32km/h
2.1 1km
5km
2.1 15km/h
2.1.2
[2]
4

A
B A B
2.2
2.2
[km]
A 15 10
B 30 10
A 1020km/h A
15km/h
i , j e , e d g
ij
j
i
ij
i
j
g = ( e − e ) d
(2.1)
ij
ij
e j
j
i
e i
d ij
2.2
5%
8.9%
5

2.3
2.3
[%]
[m]
5 100
4 200
3 500
2.3 3%
100m
12 25%
2.2
2.2.1
2003 9 19 15 18 3
23 1km
21
6
5m
3
2.2.2
g[%] v[km/h] 2.3
6

1 2
5%10%
50m
[km/h]
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
[%]
2
1
2.3
g v 2
2
2
v = −0. 0825g
− 0.
432g
+ 20.
579
( R = 0.
646 ) (2.2)
v′ 1
2
v ′ = −0 . 432g
+ 17.
364
( R = 0.
322 ) (2.3)
1 2 R 2
(2.2) 20.58km/h
15km/h (2.2) 0.73 10%
15km/h
⎧ 15
( −10
< g ≤ 0)
⎪
2
f ( g)
= ⎨−
0.
06g
− 0.
32g
+ 15.
0 ( 0 < g < 10)
(2.4)
⎪
⎩ 0
( g ≤ −10,
g ≥10)
7

[km]
20
15
10
5
0
-20 -10 0 10 20
[%]
2.4 A
(2.4) A
A 10% 0km/h
⎧ 15
( −10
< g ≤ 0)
⎪
2
f ′( g)
= ⎨−
0.
098g
− 0.
52g
+ 15.
0 ( 0 < g < 10)
(2.5)
⎪
⎩ 0
( g ≤ −10,
g ≥10)
[km]
20
15
10
5
0
-20 -10 0 10 20
[%]
2.5 B
(2.5) B
8

2.3
2.3.1
32.2km
32.2km 621km
2
0m
2.3.2
UTM
4
(1) 1 (1 )
1 40
1.5 2 100 2
(2) 2 (2 )
1 8 1
8
0 7 2
(3)(3 )
2 10 1km
2
9

(4)
3 2 4 8
2.3.3 50m ()
50m ()
50m () 2 5 1
2 200
1m
-9999 1.5 2.25
2
2 R 6370[km]
2 λ , ) λ 2 , φ ) 2
δ −1
( 1 φ1
( 2
δ = cos (sinϕ1
⋅ sinφ2
+ cosφ1
⋅ cosφ2
⋅ cos( λ1
− λ2
))
2 L
(2.6)
L = Rδ
(2.7)
2 1 125,000
2.7
3 533946
9242.77m 11307.55m 50m 46.21m
56.54m
2.3.4
50m 3 2 2.6 0.75
0.75
2
10

0.75
0.75
1.5
2.25
2.6
2.3.5 2
( y
x, ) z ( y)
( )
x, z = f x,
y
2
f ( x, y) ( x, y)
2
( ) i y i
x , z i ( i 1,K,
N )
f ( x, y)
z =
( a,
b,
c,
d,
e f )
f ,
1
a x − x
2
2
= ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 2
0
+ b x − x
0
y − y
d ( x − x ) + e( y − y ) + f
+ 0
0
1
+ c y − y
2
=
0 (2.8)
0
( x 0 , y 0 )
(1)
{ a , b,
c,
d,
e,
f }
9 2 9
H [] K []
9 2.8 9
i
( ) ∑ = 9
2
1
2
S a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f = ( zi
− f ( xi
, yi
; a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f )) (2.9)
2
i=
1
11

{ a , b,
c,
d,
e,
f }
3H
K=11.55
H=18.85
4K
t
z 8
z 5
z 9
z 2
z 0
z 1
z 3
z 6
z 4
z 7
2.7
2.8 9
2
2
⎡ H − HK K H − K 1⎤
⎡ z1
⎤
⎢ 2
2
⎥
⎢ 4H
− 2HK
K − 2H
− K 1 ⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢
z2
⎥
⎢ 2
2
16H
− 4HK
K 4H
− K 1⎥
⎢z
⎥
3
⎢
⎥
2
2
⎢ ⎥
⎢ H − 5HK
25K
H − 5K
1⎥
⎢z4
⎥
= ⎢ 2
2
X H 3HK
9K
H 3K
1⎥
z = ⎢z
⎥
5
(2.10)
⎢
⎥ ⎢ ⎥
2
2
⎢ 4H
10HK
25K
− 2H
− 5K
1⎥
⎢z6
⎥
⎢ 2
2
⎥ ⎢
⎢
16H
− 20HK
25K
4H
− 5K
1 z ⎥
⎥ ⎢
7
⎥
⎢
2
2
4H
− 6HK
9K
− 2H
3K
1⎥
⎢z8
⎥
⎢ 2
2
⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣16H
12HK
9K
4H
3K
1⎦
⎣z9
⎦
(2.9) 0
X
Τ
⎡a
⎤
X
⎢ ⎥ T
⎢
M
⎥
= X z
(2.11)
⎢⎣
f ⎥⎦
QR { a b,
c,
d,
e,
f }
,
6 { a , b,
c,
d,
e,
f }
2.3.6
9 2.9
0m 50m 0m
12

0m
0m 50m
2.9
a b
2.10
13

2.3.1 2.9
0m
2.10
2.4
2.4.1 MAPPLE10000
MAPPLE10000
MAPPLE10000
1/25001/10000
2.4
2.4
2 7
MAPPLE10000 2.4
2.4
2.4.2
MAPPLE10000 902,536
318,593
2.11 4m
14

2.11
2.3
-1m 2.1
5% 2.12
2.3.1
0m
15

2.12 5%
2.4.3
( i,
j)
g d
ij
ij
c ij
ij
ij
( g )
c = d f
(2.12)
ij
Dijkstra
4
16

15km/h
5.9km
15km/h 23 45
4 27 45 15km/h
2.13 2.14
2.13 15km/h
[m]
40
30
20
10
0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
[m]
2.14 15km/h -
A 2.11
6.119km29 26
29 33
A 2.15
2.16
18.9m 37.3m 18.4m
A
17

2.15 A -
[m]
40
30
20
10
0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
[m]
2.16 A -
B 2.12
6.122km 30
16 6.372km 32
37
B 2.17
2.18 2.19
2.20
B
A
A
15km/h
B 15km/h
18

[m]
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2.17 B -
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
[m]
2.18 B -
[m]
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2.19 B
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
[m]
2.20 B
19

2.5
4
2.4
2.5.1
trip
Origin
Destination
OD
Origin Destination 2
1
1
()
1
2.21
PT [9 ]
10 4 (PT )
101012
20

1998101
5
1,235,883
()883,044()71.5%
532,896,705
2.68%
1
IC
1
15
21

2
15 7 5 2.5
7
2.5 7
51
50
3
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
(7) 7
1
1 1
2.6 2.7
2.6
(1) (3) (2) (4)
(6)
(5)
(7)
22

2.7
2.5.2
2.2 ABC
3 2.4
OD
3,402,427 OD
115
2.22
113,167
23

[/]
113,167
0
2.22
OD
4
OD
2.23
OD [/]
86,687
0
2.23
24

OD
OD 2.24
OD [/]
480
0
2.24
2.25 113,433
25

[/]
113,433
0
2.25
2.23 OD
2.26
2.24 OD
2.27
OD [/]
86,687
0
2.26
26

OD [/]
576
0
2.27
PT 2.2 AB 2.4
115
MAPPLE2500
A A
B
PT 2.28
[]
PT []
a. A
[]
[]
1,0014,000
4,0017,000
7,001
PT []
b. B
2.28 PT
27

2.29 PT OD
1,000 OD A
B
1 PT
A PT
2.29
PT 5
79%
B PT
2.30
[]
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
[]
2.29 ( A)
[]
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
[]
2.30 ( B)
B PT 5
78% B
28

A
15km/h PT
PT 2.31
15km/h PT
2.32
A B PT
PT
[]
PT ()
[]
1,0014,000
4,0017,000
7,001
2.31 PT 15km/h
[]
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
[]
2.32 15km/h
29

2.5.3
15[km]
[4] 0.13
PT
2.33
[]
PT ()
2.33 PT
[]
10,00130,000
30,00150,000
50,001
10,000 OD PT
PT
2.34
[]
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
[]
2.34
30

PT
PT
5
31

3
2
3.1
tobler
3.1.1
MDS
2
1
i
j 2
d ≥ 0 d = 0 i = j
(3.1)
ij
ij
d ij = d ji
(3.2)
d
ij
+ d ≥ d
(3.3)
jk
ik
3 d
32

(1)
2
(2)
a b b a
a
b 1 c b a c
3.1.2 Tobler
Kilchenmann TRILAT Tobler
Tobler (3.1)(3.3) 3
n D
Step16
Step1 n
Step2
Step3
Step4
Step5
Step4
Step6 Step5 1
Step2
Step2Step6
Step2Step5 1
Step2Step5 1 1 t
( t −1)
n j d ( t −1)
i
i,
ij
33

j x , y ) x , y ) t
( i i
( j j
j i 3.1
y
y i
d ij
w ij
v ij
i
u ij
c ij
y j
j
x j
x i
3.1
x
( t −1)
w
ij
=
2
( xi
− x j ) + ( yi
− y j
2
) (3.4)
d w i d j
ij
ij
ij
c c j i
ij
ij
c ij
s
ij
d ij − wij
= (3.5)
2
c x y
u
ij
ij
ij
xi
− x j
= sij
⋅ v
w
ij
yi
− y j
= sij
⋅
(3.6)
w
ij
j ( n −1)
i
j x y
34

u
=
1
n
∑
i u ij
n −1
j=
1
v
=
1
∑
ij v ij
n −1
j=
1
j≠i
j≠i
n
(3.7)
t i ( x ′,
y′
)
′
′
x = x + u y = y + v
(3.8)
i
i
i
i
i
i
x , y ) ( x ′,
y′
)
( i i
3.2
tobler A B
C 3
3.2.1
1km
1km 9242.77m 11307.55m
3.2 613
1km
3.2
35

2.3 A((2.4)) B((2.5))
C 2.4
((3.2))2
3.2.2 tobler
3.1.3 tobler
15km/h
tobler 200 3.3
2
y = x
3.4
3.4
3.4
[]
[]
3.3 15km/h
36

[]
[]
3.4 3.3 x y
A 15km/h
tobler 200
A
y = x
3.5
[]
[]
3.5 A
37

15km/h
15km/h A
15km/h A
3.6
[]
[]
3.6 15km/h
A
A
B 15km/h
tobler 200
B A
y = x 3.7
B C
15km/h B
15km/h
B 3.8
15km/h B 15km/h
A
38

[]
[]
3.7 B
[]
[]
3.8 15km/h
B
39

4
4.1
2.5.1 4 2.5.2
2.5.1
404,192 / 116,243
/ 520,435 /
3,402,427 / 1/6
115
4.1
0
4.24.7
() 18,012 /
()
2.5.2
40

4.2
18,012
4.1 ()
0
3,812
4.2 ()
0
()(
) 4.3
41

OD [/]
9,640
4.3 ()
0
4.3
OD [/]
1,829
0
4.4 ()
42

4.5
17,683
4.5 ()
0
()()
OD [/]
9,640
0
4.6
43

()(
) 4.6
()
4.7
OD [/]
1,829
0
4.7
4.2
4.2.1
44

1960 5
2000 ( 12 ) 9
9
2000 10 23 ()10 27 ()
()
4.1
4.1
15 1519 2024 2529 30
40 50 60 64 70
488
4.2.2
12
4.8
45

[/]
4.8
8,529,709 3050
30
30
30
4.9
[/]
250
200
150
100
50
0
15
1519
2024
2529
30
40
50
6064
6569
70
4.9
46

1,843,609 30
30 40
1539
1539
426,722 1539
515,141
1539
2,151
4.10
[/]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
[]
4.10 1539
1539 60
50 50
30
10 5
10 5
4.10
1539
47

1539 4.11
[/]
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
[km]
4.11 1539
23 1539
10km 20km
10km
10km 10km
10km
4.3
15 39
2.2.2 A
2.2.2 B
45 30 15 39
4.12 4.13
48

[/]
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
[]
4.12 15 39
[/]
60
50
40
30
10
010
010
10
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
[]
4.13 15 39
40
1
10
1539
49

45
10
30 10
80,894
56,826 7.5%
[7]
1 4.14
10
[/]
300,001
200,001300,000
100,001200,000
4.14
4.15
50

[/]
7,501
5,0017,500
2,5015,000
4.15
51

5
5.1
2
50m ()
2
2
15km
15km
3 4
(PT )
PT 79% 5
PT
3 Tobler
4
1539
10 45
30
80,894
56,826 137,720
52

7.5%
1 1,000
5.2
53

1
54

[1]
(1992)
[2] (1974)
[3] 21
http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/bicycle/policy/program/index.html(2003)
[4] (1986)
[5] p605p620(1981)
[6] vol.6(1997)
[7]
2003 p30p31(2003)
[8] (1974)
[9] PT
http://www.tokyo-pt.jp2003
[10] MAPPLE10000 (2000)
[11]
(2001)
55

23
( Sumito Shirai )
214-0037
2-3-20
044-966-0594