AnS SI 214 Practice Exam 3 Female Reproduction, Male ...

AnS SI 214 Practice Exam 3
Female Reproduction, Male Reproduction, Endocrine Systems
Sunday, 11/1, 8pm
Select the best answer choice in the questions below.
1)How many viable ova are formed from a single oogonia?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
2) The spermatogenic cycle in the bull lasts
A) 49 days
B) 38 days
C) 61 days
D) 122 days
3) Meiosis in the female is completed:
A) before birth
B) after birth
C) at ovulation
D) after fertilization
4) The order of heat sensitivity in bovine gonadocytes from most to least is
A) spermatogonia>primary spermatocyte>secondary spermatocyte>spermatids
B) spermatids>secondary spermatocyte> primary spermatocyte>spermatogonia
C) spermatids> spermatogonia> spermatozoa> spermatocytes
D) spermatids> primary spermatocytes> spermatozoa>spermatogonia
5) Which of the following is TRUE?
A) non-water soluble hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes
B) water-soluble hormones bind to receptors in the cell nucleus
C) hormones such as steroids and T3 are able to affect nuclear function and gene transcription
D) GH and prolactin cause molecular synthesis by directly acting on mitochondria and activating mRNA synthesis
6) Meiosis I produces a secondary oocyte and the first polar body.
A) True
B) False
7) Spermatogenesis produces:
A) haploid sperm from haploid spermatogonia
B) diploid sperm from diploid spermatogonia
C) haploid sperm from diploid spermatogonia
D) diploid sperm from haploid spermatogonia
8) Menopause is characterized by all of these except:
A) thinner vaginal walls
B) rising blood cholesterol
C) hot flashes
D) lower risk of osteoporosis
9) The level of this hormone rises sharply just prior to ovulation:
A) FSH
B) LH
C) estrogen
D) progesterone
10) Sperm complete the maturation process and are stored in the:
A) seminiferous tubules
B) caput epididymis
C) vas deferens
D) cauda epididymis
11) This hormone directly causes the endometrium to thicken after during metestrus:
A) progesterone

B) GnRH
C) LH
D) FSH
12) Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone which stimulates certain anterior pituitary cells to produce gonadotropins?
A) GHRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) GnRH
13) Crossing over of DNA segments occurs during:
A) mitosis I
B) anaphase I
C) meiosis I
D) prophase I
14) Which phase of the uterine cycle ends with a rise in estrogen and ovulation?
A) proliferative phase
B) menstruation
C) secretory phase
D) premenstrual phase
15) Which phase of the estrous cycle is characterized by thickening of the endometrium?
A) prophase
B) metestrus
C) diestrus
D) none of the above
16) LH stimulates the interstitial cells to produce ______.
A) inhibin
B) estrogen
C) androgens
D) progesterone
17) Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A) growth hormone
B) prolactin
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) follicle stimulating hormone
18) Which of the following are incorrectly matched?
A) ovary : mesovarium
B) uterus : mesouterus
C) oviduct : mesosalpinx
D) salpinx : mesotubarium
19) Pituitary hypersecretion in adulthood will result in this disease:
A) diabetes mellitus
B) diabetes insipidus
C) myxedema
D) acromegaly
20) Which of the following is not an important component of the proestrus phase?
A) decrease in FSH secretion by the pituitary
B) increase in FSH receptors formed by the graafian follicle
C) continued increase in estrogen secretion by the developing graafian follicle
D) oocyte completes meiosis I to become a primary oocyte during the preovulatory phase
21) After the meiosis I phase of spermatogenesis, there are two equal-sized haploid cells called
A) spermatogonia.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatids.
22) Which gland secretes calcitonin and a hormone that stimulates ATP production?

A) pineal gland
B) thymus
C) thyroid gland
D) adrenal gland
23) Which of the following stages of the estrous cycle are correctly matched to their events?
A) diestrus: rising levels of P4, rising levels of PGF 2a , regressing corpus luteum
B) metestrus: high P4 levels, initiation of uterine growth and vascularization
C) proestrus: negative feedback of E2 in the brain switches to positive feedback, emergence of a tertiary follicle occurs
D) estrus: high E2 levels, LH spike, increase in FSH, histotroph secretion
24) Which of the species is incorrectly matched with respect to reproductive functions?
A) cow and ewe: sperm deposition occurs in the vagina
B) ram and stallion: produce gel fraction in ejaculate
C) mare and sow: sperm deposition occurs in the cervix/uterus
D) boar and bull: have the shortest and longest spermatogenic cycles, respectively
25) The two-cell theory includes all of the following concepts EXCEPT
A) granulosa cells have high levels of FSH receptors
B) theca interna cells produce testosterone
C) LH allows conversion of testosterone to estrogen
D) granulosa cells have testosterone receptors
26) Which is true of type I diabetes mellitus?
A) make cardiovascular problems less likely
B) due to an autoimmune response
C) can often be controlled by diet and exercise alone
D) usually appears first when a person is older
E) never causes blindness
27) Upon undergoing spermiogenesis, which duct do spermatozoa enter first?
A) rete testis
B) efferent ductules
C) caput epididymis
D) seminiferous tubules
28) The most correct route for the sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside is:
A) epididymis > ductus deferens > ejaculatory duct > ampulla > urethra
B) epididymis > ductus deferens > ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra
C) ductus deferens > epididymis > ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra
D) ductus deferens > epididymis > urethra > ampulla > ejaculatory duct
E) ejaculatory duct > ductus deferens > epididymis > ampulla > urethra
29) Mares differ from other domestic species in that they
A) ovulate a secondary oocyte
B) process a suburethral diverticulum
C) ovulate from the ovulation fossa of their inverted cortex
D) all of the above
30) Which of the following is not an important pathway of control between endocrine glands?
A) pituitary-gonadal axis
B) pituitary-thyroid axis
C) pituitary-adrenal axis
D) pituitary-pineal axis
31) An increase in triiodothyronine concentrations would have all of the following effects except:
A) increasing sodium/potassium pump activity
B) rise in oxygen consumption
C) greater heat production
D) more mitochondrial enzymes produced
E) enhanced thyroid stimulating hormone production
32) Spermiogenesis produces:
A) immature sperm
B) viable sperm

C) spermatids
D) spermatozoa
33) Pheromone detection by the male is accomplished with the involvement of what structure?
A) vestibular glands
B) vomeronasal organ
C) filliform appendage
D) chondral fossa

Essay Topics
Below are 11 sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual exam. Use key words
and topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to draw any diagrams required. Note: Most of these
questions can most easily be answered with a schematic representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn
elements. In other words: if it helps – DRAW A PICTURE.
Female Reproductive System
1) Outline the hormonal controls involved in the regulation of the estrous cycle, beginning with attainment of puberty. Note
hormone origins (production stimuli), production sites and target cells as well as tissue effects and feedback systems.
2) Trace the fluctuations of hormone levels during the 4 stages of the estrous cycle. Name each stage, and connect hormone
levels to physical changes on the ovary. Be sure to name the stages of the ovarian cycle as well.
3) Trace the fluctuations of hormone levels in the human ovarian cycle and connect them to physical changes within the
uterus. Be sure to name the stages of the uterine cycle as well.

4) Compare and contrast the reproductive tracts and cycles of the cow, mare and sow.
Male Reproductive System
1) Trace the events of spermatogenesis in the bull. Be sure to note stages, main cell types involved, division types and the
relative lengths of different stages. Include a brief discussion of heat stress and the fate of non-ejaculated sperm.
2) Trace the path of sperm in the bull from their site of production through expulsion. Include mechanisms of sperm
movement from the testis and accessory sex glands in your discussion. Note specific functions of structures encountered.

3) Compare and contrast the reproductive systems of the boar, bull, ram and stallion. Note differences in lengths of
spermatogenic cycles, penile structures, and semen quality.
Endocrine System
1) List the main pituitary hormones. Be sure to include the hormones that cause their release, their targets and effects within
the body in your discussion.
2) Trace the events involved in the synthesis, release and hormonal action of T3 and T4. Include a brief discussion of
secretory disorders involved with these hormones.

3) Describe the effects of acute and chronic stress on the body and the hormones involved.
4) Compare and contrast the two types of diabetes mellitus.
Additional questions for your consideration.
Due to time constraints, the following questions will not be discussed during your review session. However, it would be
beneficial for you to have control of the information they cover. The answers can be found directly in your slide series.
More than likely, the questions we DO go over in review will help you answer at least one of the essay questions per unit on
the exam. These questions were written to call your attention to other important concepts that are slightly less likely to
make it into your exam essay pool, but will be beneficial for multiple choice study.
1) List 5 of the 8 functions of the female reproductive system. Be sure to include a brief description of the organs and
hormones involved.
2)Explain the function of GH in the body, including release triggers, feedback mechanisms, effects on tissues and
associated secretory disorders.
3) IF covered in lecture on Monday, be familiar with hormone secretion of other organs (heart, kidneys, gonads, adipose).
4) If covered in lecture on Monday, understand BOTH methods of hormonal cell activation. Internal nuclear activation is
included in the review question on T3. Protein kinase pathways of membrane activation are discussed in lecture slide and
may be reviewed in SI Monday.