Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) - Biological Science - California ...

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Page 56 THE FESTIVUS Vol. XLI(6): 2009 Table 1 (continued) Taxon/Species Depth Range Sources ‡ Family Lepidochitonidae Iredale, 1914 Lepidochitona Gray, 1821 Lepidochitona beanii Carpenter, 1857 I - 230 m 6, 11, 14 Family Mopaliidae Dall, 1889 Dendrochiton Berry, 1911 Dendrochiton flectens (Carpenter, 1864) I - 38 m 11, 14 Dendrochiton gothicus (Carpenter, 1864) * I - 230 m 11, 14, 24 Dendrochiton semiliratus Berry, 1927 38 -141 m 11, 14 Dendrochiton thamnoporus (Berry, 1911) * I - 38 m 11, 14, 24 Mopalia Gray, 1847 Mopalia acuta (Carpenter, 1855) I - 40 m 17 Mopalia imporcata Carpenter, 1864 * I - 120 m 17, 24 Mopalia lowei Pilsbry, 1918 * I – 17 m 17, 24 Mopalia phorminx Berry, 1919 * 18 - 183 m 17, 24 Placiphorella Carpenter MS, Dall, 1879 Placiphorella mirabilis Clark, 1994 * 28 - 155 m 3, 17, 24 Placiphorella pacifica Berry, 1919 155 - 2000 m 3, 17, 23 Tonicella Carpenter, 1873 Tonicella venusta Clark, 1999 * I - 140 m 4, 24 ‡ Primary sources: (1) Berry, 1919a; (2) Berry, 1925; (3) Clark, 1994; (4) Clark, 1999; (5) Clark, 2004; (6) Eernisse, 1986; (7) Eernisse, 1998; (8) Ferreira, 1978; (9) Ferreira, 1979a; (10) Ferreira, 1979b; (11) Ferreira, 1982; (12) Ferreira, 1983; (13) Kaas & Van Belle, 1985a; (14) Kaas & Van Belle, 1985b; (15) Kaas & Van Belle, 1987; (16) Kaas & Van Belle, 1990; (17) Kaas & Van Belle, 1994; (18) Pilsbry, 1892–1893; (19) Schwabe, 2008; (20) Sirenko & Clark, 2008; (21) Slieker, 2000; (22) Watters, 1990; (23) R. N. Clark, personal communication; (24) present study.
Vol. XLI(6): 2009 THE FESTIVUS Page 57 above). Genera such as Cyanoplax and Nuttallina within Lepidochitonidae are common in southern California but are not addressed here because they are largely restricted to intertidal or shallow subtidal depths. Of the taxa considered subfamilies of Ischnochitonidae by Van Belle (1983; also Kaas & Van Belle, 1985-1998), we follow Eernisse et al. (2007) in considering Chaetopleuridae and Lepidochitonidae to be distinct from Ischnochitonidae while, unlike Sirenko (2006), we retain Callistochiton (part of Van Belle’s Callistoplacinae) within Ischnochitonidae. Likewise, we recognize the priority of Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889 in preference to Lepidopleuridae Pilsbry, 1892, and use it to also include Oldroydia and Deshayesiella, not separating these genera to Protochitonidae Ashby, 1925, as in Sirenko (2006). Based on preliminary molecular evidence, it is likely that the monotypic Oldroydia Dall, 1894, with type species Lepidopleurus (Oldroydia) percrassus Dall, 1894 (currently Oldroydia percrassa), could eventually be considered a junior synonym of Deshayesiella Carpenter MS, Dall, 1879, whose members are mostly found in the western Pacific (D. J. Eernisse, in preparation). Key to Benthic Chitons of the Southern California Bight 1. Lateral and pleural areas of intermediate valves distinct from jugal region, latero-pleural areas sculptured with numerous, elongate, teardrop-shaped pustules, jugum with deeply incised longitudinal striations; girdle with sutural tufts of very long, straight, smooth spicules ..................... Acanthochitona avicula S Valves not sculptured as above ................................................ 2 2. Girdle greatly expanded anteriorly, much wider around head valve than tail valve; mouth region with conspicuous cephalic lappets extending anteriorly; intermediate valves at least 4 times wider than long, depressed in lateral areas .......................................................... 3 S Girdle not expanded anteriorly, equally wide around head and tail valves; mouth region surrounded by simple platform, without lappets; intermediate valves less than 4 times as wide as long, with straight or convex lateral areas ................................................................ 4 3. Tegmentum of valves pinkish or greenish grey and streaked or speckled with white, brown or other colors ...................................................... Placiphorella mirabilis S Tegmentum of valves colored solid white, although some orange or black deposits may be present ......................................................Placiphorella pacifica * 4. Gill rows not separated by interspace, with left and right rows forming a nearly continuous arch surrounding the anus; gills merobranchial, restricted to about posterior third of pallial groove; disarticulated valves without insertion plates .......................................................... 5 S Gill rows separated by distinct interspace, with left and right rows not reaching the anus; gills holobranchial, extending at least half or more the length of the pallial groove; disarticulated valves with insertion plates . 11 5. Head valve, lateral areas of intermediate valves, and tail valve with randomly arranged, prominent, relatively tall tubercles; central areas with longitudinal rows of smaller, flatter pustules; dorsal girdle with tufts of long, smooth, calcareous needles up to 400 m long scattered among shorter spicules .... Hanleyella oldroydi * Follows R. N. Clark (personal communication) in recognizing Placiphorella pacifica Berry, 1919, as a valid eastern Pacific species, although Kaas & Van Belle (1994) consider this a junior synonym of P. atlantica (Verrill & S. I. Smith, 1882).
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