Alaska Forage Manual - Alaska Plant Materials Center - State of ...

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Agricultural parcels in Interior Alaska are centered around Fairbanks, Delta Junction, and Nenana. Agricultural parcels in Southcentral Alaska cluster around Palmer and Talkeetna, as well as Copper Center and Homer. 5
Forage Types Photo: Alaska Division of Agriculture A farm near Palmer Forage crops can be consumed fresh when grazed by animals in a pasture setting. Forages can also be harvested, cured, and preserved in many forms for future use. Forage can be baled into different shapes and sizes and/or stored as silage. Hay is a major source of fodder for the livestock industry during the dormant season. Animals prefer plants in the early growth stage (vegetative or boot) when the nutritional content of the plant is the highest. For hay and silage purposes, the best compromise between quality and yield occurs when the hay is harvested before flowering. The leaves of most forage species have the highest nutritional content. The stem is of lower quality due to higher concentrations of lignin, cellulose and hemicelulose. Crops for use as silage are placed in a pit or silo to begin the ensiling process. An anaerobic environment is necessary to maintain the good feed quality that can be achieved with silage. The period when forage is actively growing and nutritious in Alaska is considerably shorter than the lower 48, due to Alaska’s short growing season. Therefore the identification of species growth stages, and the proper timing of animal placement on pasture needs to be managed carefully. Improper management could result in a missed cutting for a hay crop, requiring supplemental feed to balance animal’s diet. Animals placed on the pasture when the forage conditions are least favorable (flowering, seed ripening stage) may not get the full nutrient potential of the forage crop. 6
Page 1 and 2: Alaska Forage Manual
Page 3 and 4: Alaska Forage Manual By Casey L. Di
Page 5 and 6: Section A. Background • Introduct
Page 7 and 8: Target Audience The intended audien
Page 9: Regions For the purposes of this ma
Page 13 and 14: Silage Cropping Haylage Photos: Cas
Page 15 and 16: Grazers This group of animal has a
Page 17 and 18: Diagram: fitdaffy.blogspot.com The
Page 19 and 20: Endophytes Endophytes are organisms
Page 21 and 22: Planning Photo: James McCormick Dev
Page 23 and 24: Nutrients Nutrients can be classifi
Page 25 and 26: 20 Topsoil The topsoil layer is a s
Page 27 and 28: Planting Choice Seed Seeding is the
Page 29 and 30: Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC Procedu
Page 31 and 32: 26 Graphics: Manley, W.F., and Daly
Page 33 and 34: Grasses Photo: Casey Dinkel,AK PMC
Page 35 and 36: Photo: Stoney J. Wright, AK PMC Gra
Page 37 and 38: Grass Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC C
Page 39 and 40: Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC Grass C
Page 41 and 42: Grass Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC C
Page 43 and 44: Grass Photo: Brennan Veith Low, AK
Page 45 and 46: Fertilized stands of Bluejoint may
Page 47 and 48: Photo: Alaska PMC Grass A field of
Page 49 and 50: Photo: Brennan Veith Low, AK PMC Gr
Page 51 and 52: Photo: Paul Slichter, Pacific North
Page 53 and 54: Photo: USDA Natural Resource Conser
Page 55 and 56: References Wright, S.J. and P.K. Cz
Page 57 and 58: Grass Cultivars and Releases A fiel
Page 59 and 60: Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC Grass C
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Pastures should not be grazed prior
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Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC Grass A
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References Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK
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Grass Photo: Casey Dinkel, AK PMC T
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BARLEY (Cereal) Wildlife: Barley ma
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Photo: Henrik Reinholdson (Wikimedi
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Legumes Photo: User BerndH (Wikimed
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Photo: Wikimedia.org Alfalfa, Medic
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Photo: User BerndH (Wikimedia.org)
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Photo: Jean Tosti (Jeantosti.com) C
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Legume Photo: Wikimedia.org Cultiva
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Photo: Forest and Kim Starr (Wikime
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Appendix A: Nutrient Study (Analysi
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Lab Analysis Samples were collected
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American Sloughgrass, Beckmannia sy
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Beach Wildrye, Leymus mollis Moistu
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Bluejoint Reedgrass, Calamagrostis
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Polargrass, Arctagrostis latifolia
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Siberian Wildrye, Elymus sibiricus
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Smooth Brome, Bromus inermis Moistu
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Timothy, Phleum pratense Moisture F
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Appendix B: Seed Specifications / C
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(B) The following are restricted no
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104 Term Definition Biennials: A pl
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106 Term Pinnate: Prostrate: Protei
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