english final - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2004-2005 Component 5: Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems of peninsular India Xylotomical investigations on petrified woods of Kota Formation brought out abundance of Podocarpean and Araucarian members. Recovery of a new species of Circoporoxylon further support floral similarities of Rajmahal and Kota wood assemblages. Taphonomic studies on leaf assemblages of Gangapur Formation indicate allochthonous nature of deposition of plant parts. Preservational anomalies noticed were attributed to micro-environmental factors. Preferential segregation of Equisetalean axes confined to certain locales suggests niche preference. Terrestrial phytoecosystems of East Coast were assessed for taphonomic inferences. A. Rajanikanth Component 6: Palaeofloristics of the Jurassic-Cretaceous sequences of Gujarat and Rajasthan Study of fossil flora from Isoetites-rich locality near Than in Surendranagar District (Gujarat) revealed the presence of algal mat bearing strata as well as strata with bryophytic remains– Thallites over and above the Isoetites-bearing strata. The algal mat is composed of Vaucheria-like algal filaments, which at places are overlain by the remains of Cladophlebis kathiawarensis, Brachyphyllum sp., etc. The overlying layer contains Thallites. It seems that these algae were growing in pockets in the shallow water remains of the drying up ancient pond, which ultimately got preserved in the form of algal mat in small patches. After complete depletion of water, when marshy habitat was developed, the Thallites started growing over it. These Thallites got preserved over the sediments on which these were growing to give the Thallites-bearing strata. These evidences clearly indicate that fresh water condition was prevailed at the time of deposition in studied area. B.N. Jana Project 4: Floral evolution and Biostratigraphy of Rajmahal Basin Component 1: Terrestrial megafloral change during Mesozoic in Rajmahal Basin Carried out megafloral investigation of petrified and impression specimens recovered from Hiranduba and Sonajori localities. An impression specimen of ?Lichen/Fungi has been found on coniferous wood showing evidence of mutualism or saprophytic habit during Cretaceous in the Rajmahal flora. Besides impressions, study of structurally preserved petrified seeds and other plant remains are also in progress. Jayasri Banerji & A.K. Ghosh Component 2: Biostratigraphy of Gondwana sediments in Rajmahal Basin A search for presence of marker species in the subsurface Mesozoic (Dubrajpur and Rajmahal formations) sequence shows presence of Triporoletes reticulates, Aequtriradites spinulosus, A. verrucosus, Ruffordiaspora australiensis, R purbeckensis, Coptospora microgranulosa, C. kutchensis, C. verrucosa, Januasporites spinifer, J. spinulosus, Contignisporites glebulentus, etc. The palynoflora observed in bore-hole RJHC-1 is diversified and rich in comparison to that recorded in bore-holes RJKS-1, RJSJ-7 and RJSJ-8 of Brahmini Coalfield of the basin. Archana Tripathi 9
BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2004-2005 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Thrust Area: BIOPETROLOGY OF COALS AND ITS RELEVANCE TO COAL BED METHANE Project 5: Origin, Depositional environment and Economic potential of Indian Coal and Lignite deposits Component 1: Biopetrological and geochemical characterization of Indian lignites Processed 20 selected samples collected from lignite and associated sediments from different areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan for petrological and geochemical characterization. Petrological study under fluorescence mode shows typical association of alginite with this material. This indicate their probable oil generating potentiality. they are also rich in huminite group of macerals (humocollinite, humodetrinite). The lignites show higher reflectance (0.218- 0.468) in comparison with Neyveli lignite (0.208-0.246). Typical cut section of rootlet, consisting of phlobaphanitic microconstituents, has also been recorded from Neyveli lignite suggesting their vegetal source. Besides some leaf cut sections show crassi-cutinite. Preliminary study of FTIR characterization of resins shows carbonyl peaks suggesting their low rank nature. Fresh collection of lignites (through channel sampling technique) were made from the newly opened mine sections of Mine IA, Mine I and Mine II of Neyveli area and a few bore core samples from Mannargudi area to understand the pattern of maceral variance in time and space. Rakesh Saxena Component 2: Biopetrological investigations on coals of Wardha-Godavari Valley coalfields in relation to coal bed methane Completed the possessing of coal samples for petrological study of the coals from Phukeshwar area and Kayar Block, Wardha Valley Coalfield, Maharashtra. The elemental study of the coals from Junad Open Cast Mine of this coalfield has revealed that these coals contain low frequency of sulphur as compared to the coals of the adjoining Telwasa Mine. O.S. Sarate Component 3: Petrological evaluation of Rajmahal Basin coals in relation to economic potentiality and depositional history Compiled maceral, microlithotype and vitrinite reflectance (rank) data of the coals (representing seams— IV and V) encountered in bore-hole CM-109 from Hura Coalfield. The sub-bituminous A to high-volatile bituminous C stage (R o 0.40-0.54%) coals are found to be rich in trimacerite and of max. mixed type (inertinite- as well as vitrinite-rich) associated with dispersed mineral matter, indicating inferior quality for selective utilization. Observation under blue light excitation have shown appreciably high amount of hydrogen-rich macerals (liptinite + perhydrous vitrinite), chiefly constituted by sporinite (sporespollen) and liptodetrinite (detritus). High amount of hydrogenrich macerals in the coals render them suitable for liquefaction. Finalized microconstituents and rank data of the coals (representing seams I–VIII) encountered in bore-hole RCH-3 from Chuperbhita Coalfield. Various compositional models utilizing the data have been prepared for assessing the coal types and related conditions of deposition of seams. In general, these sub-bituminous A to high-volatile bituminous C stage coals are of mixed types. Study under fluorescence mode showed high concentration of hydrogen-rich macerals in these coals. Alpana Singh & B.D. Singh Component 4: Petrological investigation of coals from Jhilimili-Sonhat-Sohagpur coalfields (Son Basin) in relation to coal bed methane and carbonization properties Due to instrumentation problems the specified work could not be carried out. Instead, a Collaborative-Consultancy Programme on Sohagpur coals has been taken up with Central Mining Research Institute (Dhanbad). Investigations on borehole coal samples were carried out for macerals and their association, characetrization, and mineral matter association were studied and also done photomicrography. Range of reflectance on samples was also measured. In addition to that measurement and study of microcleat on certain coal blocks were carried out. The report was finalized and communicated. B.K. Misra, B.D. Singh & Alpana Singh 10
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