english final - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2004-2005 Component 5: Petrographic atlas of Indian coals and lignites Searched and recorded the maceral exsudatinite on a large number of coal pellets for their correct identification and proper characterization. Computer-scanned hundreds of photomicrographs (exposed under normal and fluorescent lights) of macerals of Indian coals and lignites, besides associated mineral matter in order to compile them in the form of an atlas. Photomicrography on coal pellets and scanning of photomicrographs and their trimming and sharpening through computer was also done. B.K. Misra & B.D. Singh Thrust Area: PALAEOBIOLOGY OF PHANEROZOIC BASINS AND ITS BEARING ON HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL Project 6: Palaeofloristics, Evolutionary trends and Palaeoenvironment of Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic basins Component 1: Tertiary floristics of north-western peninsular India Studied 50 wood samples (thin sections) from the Tertiary sediments of Bhavnagar and Kachchh districts of Gujarat. Identified a few wood samples from the Plio- Pleistocene sediments of Piram Island (Bhavnagar). The identified woods represent the modern genera Cynometra, Diospyros, Ficus, Millettia- Pongamia, Cassia and a palm wood. From the Eocene deposits of Vastan lignite mine, Surat, 4 types of dicotyledonous woods have been identified. In addition, palynological investigation of Vastan samples is undertaken (with J.P. Mandal), and recovered a rich palynoassemblage dominated by angiospermous pollen. Some of the important taxa identified are— Acanthotricolpites, Dracaenoipollis, Florschuetzia (Rhizophoraceae), Proxapertites, Spinozonocolpites (Nypa), etc. The assemblage suggests deposition of lignite in deltaic conditions under brackish water influence and prevalence of warm, humid tropical climate. J.S. Guleria Component 2: Palynology, facies analysis, palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental studies on Palaeocene-Eocene sediments in Rajasthan Basin Carried out comprehensive study of palynofloras recorded from Giral lignite mine and those from bore-holes drilled near Kapurdi and Jalipa in Barmer district, with an aim to correlate sequences. Palynological assemblage from the lignite mine and that from the bore-hole MJ-4 are very similar as, both of these exhibit coastal elements as the dominant constituents. The assemblage is marked with profuse occurrence of monosulcate pollen assignable to different species of Spinizonocolpites. These forms possess an extended sulcus parallel to the polar axis and exhibit spinulate exine. This pollen, in all probabilities is related with modern brackish water Palm Nypa. Other significant monosulcate pollen taxa present in the assemblage are Kapurdipollenites gemmatus and K. baculatus. These pollen also possess an extended sulcus but are distinctly different in exinal characters. Affinity of these pollen with those of Nypa can not be ruled out. Another interesting monosulcate form is Retiverrumonosulcites barmerensis. The sulcus in this pollen is small and is characteristically bordered with clavae of varying sizes. It is significant to note that these forms are confined to the Barmer Basin only. S.K.M. Tripathi Component 3: Tertiary floristics of peninsular India from Ratnagiri, Neyveli, Kerala, Bahur Basin (Pondicherry) and the adjoining areas Carried out sectioning and investigation on 50 carbonised woods collected from Ratnagiri beds, Neyveli lignite and Kerala. Investigated fossil fruits and leaves from Ratnagiri, Payangadi mines (Kerala) and Neyveli, and identified some of fossil leaves, fruits and seeds after comparing them with their modern counterparts at CNH (Howrah). Further study is in progress. SEM study of fossil leaves and seeds/fruits is also in process. Further contribution of fossil leaves from Neyveli lignite is in process. Undertook a field work in Kerala (Varkala, Cannanore, Payangadi, Kundra, Quilon), Tamil Nadu (Neyveli lignite), Pondicherry and adjoining areas and collected varied plant megafossils (fruit, leaves, carbonized and petrified woods). Sorting and documentation of fresh materials have been completed. Sectioning of remaining woods, seed/fruits and morphological /SEM study of leaf cuticles will be continued. Anil Agarwal 11
BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2004-2005 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Component 4: Palaeofloristics of sedimentary sequences associated with Deccan Traps Studied plant and animal remains from the Deccan Basalts of Khandwa district (MP) near Onkarmandhata temple. A unique fossilization of tree trunk of palm wood, fragmentary palm leaf, algal remains and fungal and pteridophytic spores are found in random cut basalt section. The fauna includes Physa prinsipii and microgastropods. The fossilization is by typical vesicular basalt with characteristic ophiolitic stucture. They seem to be in the initial stages of silicification when they were engulfed by sudden lava flows. Rashmi Srivastava Component 5: Palynology of the Deccan Intertrappean sediments: Implication and correlation The section exposed (3-15 m, Mahadek Formation) near the village Pungtung (in Pynursla Plateau, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya) contains about 2-3 feet thick carbonaceous shale band sandwiched in between sandstone, which was found to be palynologically productive. The assemblage comprises of Cyathidites australis, Cyathidites minor, Todisporites major, Todisporites minor, Biretisporites potoniaei, Lygodiumsporites eocenicus, Intrapunctisporites pachyexinus, Concavisporites concavus, Azolla cretacea, Contignisporites bellus, Microfoveolatosporites mahadekensis, Lycopodiumsporites specious, Dictyophyllidites spp., Cicatricosisporites spp., Appendicisporites spp., Contignisporites assamicus, Triporoletes reticulatus, Araucariacites australis, Ariadnaesporites intermedius and other porate and colpate angiosperm pollen. It is deduced that Ariadnaesporites, Triporoletes, Minerisporites, Azolla and Cicatricosisporites are common marker taxa of both marine and non-marine Maastrichtian sediments of India. Aquilapollenites, Gabonisporites and Mulleripollis are restricted to the Intertrappean deposits. Araucariacites australis is the most dominant species in the marine Late Cretaceous deposits of Meghalaya, which suggests the existence of moderately high hinterland near the depository basin. The assemblages recovered from both Intertrappean deposits and its equivalent deposits of Meghalaya are dominated by pteridophytic spores and indicate a uniform warm and humid climatic conditions during the deposition of the Late Cretaceous sediments. Deccan intertrappean rock samples are also collected from Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh and Gulbarga district, Karnataka for palynological study. R.S. Singh Component 6: Evolution and diversification of the flowering plants in the Assam-Arakan Basin during Tertiary Investigated the leaf impressions from the Disang sediments of Manipur in detail and finalized a paper on the same (jointly with J.S. Guleria and R.K.S. Hemanta et al. of Manipur Univ.). The paper describes for the first time a rich megafloral assemblage from the Upper Disang (Late Eocene) and Lower Barail (Early Oligocene) sediments of Imphal Valley. The assemblage consists of two types of palm leaves, 16 types of dicotyledonous leaves, one type of fruiting axis, a leguminous fruit and a bark impression, which indicate the existence of warm and humid tropical vegetation at the time of deposition. R.C. Mehrotra Fruiting shoots of flowering plant from the Early Oligocene sediments of Imphal Valley, Manipur 12
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