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Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Geology Unit 2 Student Activity Time formed Rock Location Appearance: Special features Environment when formed Similar modern day habitats IV. West-Moenave Formation – Jmv ~200 mya, Mesozoic/Early Jurassic Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, shale Southwest part of the Monument Orange-red, 200 to 400 feet, moderate cliff former The Moenave forms the lower and middle parts of the Vermilion Cliffs. In the eastern Monument, the Wingate Sandstone fills the Moenave’s time frame. Varied. Terrestrial stream and lake deposits. Some formed in lakecovered flood plains and mudflats on which small rivers flowed. Kayena Africa V. Kayenta Formation –Jk Kayenta Moenave Time formed Rock Location Appearance: Special features Environment when formed Similar modern day habitats 193 mya, Mesozoic/Jurassic Sandstone, siltstone, shale Southern and eastern part of the Monument Reddish brown, 150 to 300 feet, upper component of the Vermilion Cliffs. Many places in the Vermilion Cliffs show part of the Moenave at their bottom, and sometimes a tongue of the Navajo Sandstone at their top. But in the east part of the Monument, the Kayenta is generally a bench former. Dinosaur track ways. Influenced historic routes of travel, siting of towns like Kayenta, Arizona. Mostly sandy streams. Rivers and streams deposited sand and silt sediments as they flowed through dry savannas dotted with trees. Yearly flooding created flood-plains and spread out fine sediments. Intermixed are lake deposits and minor windblown sand dunes. Kenya, Africa 7
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Geology Unit 2 Student Activity VI. Navajo Sandstone – Jn Time formed Rock Appearance: Special features Environment when formed Similar modern day habitats Missing rock layers ~185 mya, Mesozoic/ Middle Jurassic Windblown cross-bedded sandstone 2 Red, orange, yellow, brown, often bleached almost white , 1000 to 1500 feet. Magnificent cliff-former - makes the famous White Cliffs Very dramatic cliffs, high angle cross-bedded sandstone reveals the fossil desert; slot canyons; Moqui marbles. Great dune desert, formed by winds over a long period of time. As the dunes marched southward in this hot, arid desert, sand was deposited on the downwind face of the dunes, creating and preserving cross-bedding. Sahara Desert, Africa. The Navajo desert was even larger than the Sahara! Another unconformity 2 Chan, Marjorie A. and William T. Parry. 2003. Rainbow of Rocks: Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Canyon Country. Public Information Series 77, Utah Geological Survey. 8
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