Annual Report 2010

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ape seed and so on, have been adopted and grown in 23 countries (114.3 million ha) in 2007. The reason for this rapid spread is their capacity for high-yield potential. Also, due consideration has been given to securing safety in both the research and development of gene-recombination technology and its application; consequently, few concerns have arisen in regard to its influence on the environment and the safety of its use in food production. As the cultivated area of GM crops has increased sharply year after year, the public acceptance of GM crops in foods for humans and in animal feeds is increasing in many foreign countries. However, in Japan, GM crops developed using these new technologies are not yet practicable, because of insufficient public understanding and acceptance. The Institute has facilitated research on developing crops with high yields, crops with efficient biomass production, crops with ability to grow under harsh conditions, and crops with potential to help prevent diseases and keep people healthy. We have already isolated several useful genes and obtained intellectual property rights for their use. GM crops that can grow in adverse environments or that promote human health and facilitate prevention of common diseases have been developed. Novel basic technologies such as gene targeting and RNA interference techniques have been developed. We are facing problems associated with food shortages in the 21st century combined with ballooning grain prices as well as problems associated with the environment. Biotechnologies have great potential to address these problems and there is fierce global competition to lead in these fields. Gene-recombination technology and genome analysis are spreading widely because they provide opportunities to make use of scientific discoveries in many areas of biology. We believe that biotechnology research will contribute to the well-being of the human race. Thus, there is a need for the public to gain an understanding of the importance of the wise use of biotechnology for the future good of humankind. The Institute is willing and ready to lead in public education. At the midpoint of the Second Five-year Plan, all the staff at NIAS are determined to make a concerted effort to produce additional significant discoveries and results. We thank all of those involved for their cooperation, and we look forward to your continued support, understanding, and collaboration.
Summary of the Second Five-year Plan NIAS aims to create new industries that will dramatically increase agricultural productivity, create new demands for agricultural products, and open up new possibilities in the agricultural, forestry, and fisheries industries. Under the First Five-year Plan, we succeeded in obtaining worldleading results, such as the sequencing of the entire rice genome, the sequencing of the outline of the silkworm genome, the advancement of gene-recombination technology, and the production of genetically engineered pigs. During the five years beginning in 2006, the Institute aims to make a leap forward in both basic and pioneering research and technological development, mainly in the .eld of biotechnology. To this end, we are establishing four research centers that will place emphases on basis research, plant science, animal science, and entomological science. A Development, refinement and utilization of agro-bioresources (1) Enhancement and utilization of rice germplasm potential based on genomics approaches (2) Development and utilization of genome resources from Oryza and Gramineae crops (3) Development of insect genomic resources and its application (4) Development and utilization of swine genome resource (5) Development and utilization of soybean genome resource (6) Establishment of a bioinformatics research basis for comparative analysis between species (7) Collection, evaluation, multiplication, preservation and distribution of genetic resources (8) Development of mutant lines and varieties with new agronomically useful characteristics by radiation breeding B Research and development of innovative agricultural production technology based on genomics and physiology 1) Research on environmental adaptation mechanisms in rice and their application (1) Research on environmental stress mechanisms in rice and their application (2) Research on responses to environmental light signals in rice and their application (3) Research on disease resistance mechanisms in rice and their application 2) Analysis of adaptation mechanism to environmental condition in insect and development of insect control technique (1) Search and analysis of invertebrate gene function for development of pesticides (2) Elucidation of desiccation tolerance mechanism in insects and its application (3) Analysis of insect defense mechanism and its application 3) Reproductive and neurobiological research in the livestock (1) Research of reproductive biology for gamete, placenta and stem cell (2) Neurobiological research in the control mechanism of instinctive behavior and endocrine system 4) Research on the interactions between living organisms and development of their regulation techniques (1) Research on the plant-microbe interactions (2) Analysis of insect-insect and insect-plant interactions and its application (3) Functional analyses of insect-microbe interaction and their application 5) Research on protein structures and functions by structural and analytical biology (1) Research on protein structures and functions by X-ray crystallography, NMR and MS spectrosco C Research for creation of new bio-industries by biotechnology 1) Biotechnologies for production of safe and valuable products (1) Development of transgenic technology for ensuring agricultural and environmental safety and for producing valuable products (2) Development of health-promoting transgenic crops through research on high accumulation system of valuable products (3) Development of technology for the production of useful materials using transgenic insect (4) Development of transgenic animal models for protein production and medical application 2) Development of materials for life and medical use by silk-technology (1) Development of medical materials by use of silk proteins (2) Development of the various silk materials for lives utilizing new silk functions Staff Number of Employees (As of April 2009) Reserchers 262 Administrative staff 119 Total number of employees 381 Reemployment staff 6 Contract workers (Part time) 505 including 76 post-doc researchers
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Page 3: Annual Report 2010 (Apr. 2009 ~ Mar
Page 8 and 9: Organization President Vice Preside
Page 10 and 11: Research Activities Research Center
Page 12 and 13: a Heavy metal binding Proline-rich
Page 14 and 15: A (cM) B C Fig 2. Positional clonin
Page 16 and 17: α-1,3-glucan functions as camoufla
Page 18 and 19: An inhibitory interaction between v
Page 20 and 21: Host plant genome overcomes the lac
Page 22 and 23: Transduction of RNA-directed DNA me
Page 24 and 25: Unique RNAi by RNA silencing induci
Page 26 and 27: A new juvenile hormone isolated fro
Page 28 and 29: Bombyx prothoracicostatic peptides
Page 30 and 31: Experimental production of wedding
Page 32 and 33: Production of piglets from oocytes
Page 34 and 35: Completion of draft sequencing of t
Page 36 and 37: Research Activities Research Center
Page 38 and 39: of function allele with a 71-bp del
Page 40 and 41: Compensation and interaction betwee
Page 42 and 43: Fig 3. Characterization of transgen
Page 44 and 45: of the candidate gene for Yellow co
Page 46 and 47: Mass-rearing of recombinant silk st
Page 48 and 49: Recipient baboon Table 1. Pig to ba
Page 50 and 51: maturation and release of IL-1β me
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Page 54 and 55: Fig 2. SALAD database viewer. (A) D
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Fig 4. Distribution of OsNAC genes
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HvFT2 and was modulated by the phot
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aforementioned cross-species mappin
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Genebank Genebank has responsibilit
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Linkage Group Table 1. Markers from
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Fig 6. Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylog
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189Gy with gamma rays. Thus, the ef
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seed decreased with increasing dose
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Fig 2. Differences between Enrei BA
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Fig 4. Structures, predicted amino
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Division of Plant Sciences Agricult
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field conditions, we harvested plan
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(< 0.68-fold) in elevated CO 2 . Th
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Plant Disease Resistance Research U
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Further, OsMKK4DD-induced cell deat
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Protein Research Unit Proteins are
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Fig 1. Comparison of β-L-arabinopy
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and early symbiotic signaling casca
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Mstu1, an APSES transcription facto
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that inhibition of G2/M transition
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Division of Insect Sciences The Div
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were identifed from BAC-end sequenc
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in a novel kynureninase. Genes to C
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steps, conversion of 5β-ketodiol t
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trehalose, the survival rate of Pv1
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Fig 3. Desiccation tolerance of Pv1
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Multiple functions of short synthet
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for the laccase activity detected i
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Fig 4. Insect toxicity tests of the
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salivary glands of the green rice l
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Silk-Material Research Unit The res
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Fig 3. Stress-Strain analysis of si
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Albumin secretion of human hepatic
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Silk-Technology Unit The unit is co
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Division of Animal Sciences The Div
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the homozygous individuals (Q/Q) fo
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Fig 4. QTL analysis for the heme co
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Fig 1. Incidence of hermaphrodism i
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Fig 4. Phase contrast image and alk
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List of Publications Original Paper
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27 Duan J, Li R, Cheng D, Fan W, Zh
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55 Hayashi M, Kitamura K, Harada K
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86 Kagawa T, Kimura M, Wada M (2009
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117 Kobayashi T, Ogo Y, Aung M.S, N
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148 Migheli Q, Balmas V, Harak H, S
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178 Nakao H (2010) Characterization
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209 Rezaeian A.H, Isokane T, Nishib
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240 Somfai T, Noguchi J, Kaneko H,
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270 Taniguchi M, Hayashi T, Nii M,
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300 Watanabe S, Hideshima R, Xia Z,
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330 Yoshiyama M, Yamakawa M (2009)
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Reviews and Monograph (In English)
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List of Organizations Exchanged MOU
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Public Relations Section Head (Kawa
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(Izawa Takeshi) Bioinformatics Rese
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Senior Researcher Senior Researcher
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Chief Researcher Chief Researcher C
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Members of NIAS Evaluation Committe
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Location: How to access to our Nati
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Annual Report 2010

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