1 Bibliographic Review of Sources Relevant to Development of Draft ...

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Savannah River Annotated Bibliography: January 2003 opportunity for extensive seedling recruitment. The Schneider et al. paper examines impacts to hydrology in other southeastern river floodplains, using USGS records. Sharitz, R., L. Lee, R. Johnson, C. Ziebell, D. Paton and P. Ffolliott (1985). Limit on regeneration process in southeastern riverine wetlands. North American Riparian Conference, Tucson, AZ. Effects of water level fluctuations (and/or altered hydrologic conditions) on growth of swamp forest trees on the Savannah River floodplain Keeland, B. and R. Sharitz (1995). "Seasonal growth patterns of Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Nyssa aquatica, and Taxodium distichum as affected by hydrologic regime." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 1084-1096. Keeland, B. and R. Sharitz (1997). "The effects of water level fluctuations on weekly tree growth in a southeastern USA swamp." American Journal of Botany 84: 131-139. Young, P., B. Keeland and R. Sharitz (1994). "Growth response of baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.] to an altered hydrologic regime." American Midland Naturalist 133: 206-212. These three studies examine the growth responses of canopy and subcanopy cypress and tupelo trees to fluctuations or alterations in the hydrologic regime. In the first two, Keeland used dendrometer bands to examine weekly responses of over 600 mature trees to variations in hydrologic regime at five sites on the Savannah River floodplain throughout two growing seasons. Significant relationships between weekly changes in water levels and tree diameter were found for N. sylvatica and T. distichum trees growing in sites with periodic shallow flooding. The Young et al. study used tree cores to assess growth of canopy T. distichum trees following impoundment of an area as a result of road construction. Tree growth was accelerated for several years immediately following impoundment, followed by a long-term (approximately 16 year) decline. Experimental studies of the effects of flooding (and other factors such as salinity) on seedling growth of swamp forest species Hardegree, W., D. Wenner, J. Dowd and K. McLeod (1995). "Using super(18)O/super(16)O data to examine the mixing of water masses in floodplain wetlands." Wetlands Ecology and Management 3(3): 189-194. Using oxygen isotopic differences, the extent to which Savannah River flood water inundates tributaries and surrounding floodplains was determined to be significantly greater than visual turbidity indicates. Visual estimates indicated inundation to 300 m up the tributary, whereas isotopic data revealed mixing of water 1100 m up the tributary. Differing water quality in the river (suspended solids, agricultural and industrial runoff)compared to the tributary can affect ecological processes. Conner, W., J. Bryant and L. Inabinnette (1996). Impact of complete submergence upon three common wetland species. Proceedings of the Southern Forested Wetlands Ecology and Management Conference, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, Consortium for Research on Southern Forested Wetlands. Conner, W., K. McLeod and J. McCarron (1997). "Flooding and salinity effects on 12
Savannah River Annotated Bibliography: January 2003 growth and survival of four common forested wetland species." Wetlands Ecology and Management 5: 99-109. Conner, W., K. McLeod and J. McCarron (1998). "Survival and growth of four bottomland oak species in response to increased flooding and salinity." Forest Science 44(4): 618-624. Jones, R., B. Allen and R. Sharitz (1997). "Why do early-emerging tree seedlings have survival advantages?: A test using Acer rubrum (Aceraceae)." American Journal of Botany 84: 1714-1718. Jones, R. and R. Sharitz (1989). "Potential advantages and disadvantages of germinating early for trees in floodplain forests." Oecologia 81: 443-449. McCarron, J., K. McLeod and W. Conner (1998). "Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbrush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora)." Wetlands 18: 165-175. McLeod, K., L. Donovan, N. Stumpff and K. Sherrod (1986). "Biomass, photosynthesis and water use efficiency of woody swamp species subjected to flooding and elevated water temperature." Tree Physiology 2: 341-346. McLeod, K., J. McCarron and W. Conner (1999). "Photosynthesis and water relations of four oak species: impact of flooding and salinity." Trees 13: 178-187. Megonigal, J. and F. Day (1992). "Effects of flooding on root and shoot production of bald cypress in large experimental enclosures." Ecology 73: 1182-1193. These studies characterize experimental research that evaluates seedling tolerances to environmental conditions, including flooding with freshwater and with water of increased salinity, exposure to continuous vs. periodic flooding, and effects of root competition. These studies include species characteristic of the Savannah River floodplain and its tributaries. The papers by Conner, McCarren and McLeod reveal susceptibility of species to increases in flooding and salinity that could lead to shifts in species composition of coastal forests under climate change scenarios. Megonigal and Day found that 3-year baldcypress saplings grown under periodically flooded conditions had greater belowground production and deeper roots than did saplings grown under continuous flooding, although total productivity did not differ between the two treatments. Jones and Sharitz reported advantages to early germinating seedlings, including increased light, but noted that late spring floods caused mortality of early germinants. Importance of substrate heterogeneity (microsites) in tree seedling recruitment in cypresstupelo and mixed bottomland hardwood forests Collins, B. and L. Battaglia (2002). "Microenvironmental heterogeneity and Quercus michauxii regeneration in experimental gaps." Forest Ecology and Management 155: 618-624. Huenneke, L. and R. Sharitz (1986). "Microsite abundance and distribution of woody seedlings in a South Carolina cypress-tupelo swamp." American Midland 13
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