Physical-Layer RF Design of Dual-Band 802.11 WLAN - WOCC ...
Physical-Layer RF Design of Dual-Band 802.11 WLAN - WOCC ...
Physical-Layer RF Design of Dual-Band 802.11 WLAN - WOCC ...
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<strong>Physical</strong>-<strong>Layer</strong> <strong>RF</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> <strong>802.11</strong> <strong>WLAN</strong><br />
The 13th Annual Wireless & Optical Communication<br />
Conference 2004<br />
Sheng-Fuh Chang, Associate Pr<strong>of</strong>essor<br />
Center <strong>of</strong> Telecommunication Research<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Electrical Engineering<br />
National Chung Cheng University<br />
(05)2720411-33218, Fax:(05)2720862, ieesfc@ccu.edu.tw<br />
March 8, 2004<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
1
Contents<br />
I. Motivation <strong>of</strong> this research<br />
II. <strong>RF</strong> <strong>Design</strong> Requirements from <strong>802.11</strong> PHY Clauses<br />
III. <strong>Design</strong> Example: <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> <strong>WLAN</strong> <strong>RF</strong> Module<br />
IV. Conclusions<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
2
I. Motivation <strong>of</strong> the Research<br />
How do we turn <strong>802.11</strong> <strong>WLAN</strong> <strong>RF</strong> written document<br />
into a physical module?<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
3
II. <strong>RF</strong> Requirements from <strong>802.11</strong> PHY Clauses<br />
• IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a-Subclause 17.3<br />
OFDM PLCP(<strong>Physical</strong> <strong>Layer</strong> Convergence Procedure)<br />
Sublayer<br />
• IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b-Subclause 18.4<br />
High Rate PMD(physical medium dependent) Sublayer<br />
• IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>g-Subclause 19.4<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
4
(I) Operation Frequency <strong>Band</strong> and channel number<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a 17.3.8.3<br />
Channel Center Frequency=5000 + 5n ch (MHz), where n ch<br />
=0,1,…,200<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a<br />
Lower <strong>Band</strong> Edge<br />
30 MHz Guardband<br />
Upper <strong>Band</strong> Edge<br />
30 MHz<br />
Lower <strong>Band</strong> Edge<br />
20 MHz<br />
Upper <strong>Band</strong> Edge<br />
20 MHz<br />
Ch36<br />
40 44<br />
48<br />
52<br />
56<br />
60<br />
64<br />
149 153157161<br />
5150<br />
5180<br />
5200<br />
5220<br />
5240<br />
5260<br />
5280<br />
5300<br />
5320<br />
5350<br />
5725<br />
5745<br />
5765<br />
5785<br />
5805<br />
5825<br />
Frequency(MHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
5
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b/g 18.4.6.7.2 Operating channels<br />
• North American channel selection—<br />
non-overlapping<br />
1 6 11<br />
2400 2412 2437 2462<br />
Frequency(MHz)<br />
2483.5<br />
• North American channel selection—<br />
overlapping<br />
1 3<br />
5 7 9 11<br />
2400<br />
2412 2422 2432 2442 2452 2462 2472<br />
2483.5<br />
Related to Transceiver architecture, VCO and Frequency<br />
Synthesizer <strong>Design</strong><br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
6
Straight-forward architecture: Two separated <strong>RF</strong> Transceiver<br />
5.2<br />
GHz<br />
Ant<br />
switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong> filter<br />
T/R<br />
switch<br />
LNA<br />
Power<br />
Amp<br />
Driver<br />
Amp<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
/2<br />
VGC<br />
0<br />
90<br />
∑<br />
Q Out<br />
ADC<br />
I Out<br />
ADC<br />
Q Data<br />
ADC<br />
LPF<br />
I Data<br />
ADC<br />
PLL<br />
VCO<br />
5.2 GHz<br />
2.4<br />
GHz<br />
Ant<br />
switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong> filter<br />
T/R<br />
switch<br />
LNA<br />
Power<br />
Amp<br />
Driver<br />
Amp<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
/2<br />
VGC<br />
0<br />
90<br />
∑<br />
Q Out<br />
ADC<br />
I Out<br />
ADC<br />
Q Data<br />
ADC<br />
LPF<br />
I Data<br />
ADC<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
PLL<br />
VCO<br />
2.4 GHz<br />
7
Cost-Effective architecture: <strong>Dual</strong>band <strong>RF</strong> Transceiver<br />
2.4/5.2<br />
GHz GHz<br />
Ant Ant<br />
T/R T/R<br />
<strong>RF</strong> <strong>RF</strong> filter filter<br />
switch<br />
switch<br />
LNA LNA<br />
Driver<br />
Power<br />
Amp Amp<br />
Amp Amp<br />
<strong>RF</strong> <strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
<strong>RF</strong> <strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
/2<br />
VGC<br />
0<br />
90<br />
∑<br />
Q Out<br />
ADC<br />
I Out<br />
ADC<br />
Q Data<br />
ADC<br />
LPF<br />
I Data<br />
ADC<br />
PLL<br />
VCO<br />
5.2 GHz<br />
2.4<br />
GHz<br />
Ant<br />
switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong> filter<br />
T/R<br />
switch<br />
LNA<br />
Power<br />
Amp<br />
Driver<br />
Amp<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
mixer<br />
/2<br />
VGC<br />
0<br />
90<br />
∑<br />
Q Out<br />
ADC<br />
I Out<br />
ADC<br />
Q Data<br />
ADC<br />
LPF<br />
I Data<br />
ADC<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
VCO VCO<br />
PLL PLL<br />
2.4/5.2 GHz GHz<br />
8
single PLL and VCO generates all <strong>RF</strong> channels in 2.4<br />
and 5.2 GHz <strong>Band</strong><br />
<br />
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∑<br />
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<br />
<br />
÷P<br />
<br />
÷2<br />
÷2<br />
2.4 GHz<br />
5.2 GHz<br />
<br />
<br />
÷P<br />
<br />
÷2<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
9
VCO must have<br />
• adequate frequency tuning range<br />
•Low phase noise<br />
310 MHz<br />
Tuning Range<br />
Phase Noise: -96 dBc/Hz<br />
@100kHz <strong>of</strong>fset<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
10
PLL Loop filter design<br />
Loop filter is designed with compromise among<br />
•stability (phase margin),<br />
• carrier frequency settling time (Lock time), and<br />
• phase noise and interfering spurs.<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
11
<strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Frequency Synthesizer<br />
-97.8 dBc/Hz phase noise<br />
at 100 kHz <strong>of</strong>f 5693 MHz<br />
124 µS settling time<br />
-67 dB spur level<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
12
(1) Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> LNA- Circuit 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
(dB)<br />
-20<br />
-40<br />
S21 simulation<br />
S21 measurement<br />
-60<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br />
Frequency(GHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
13
(2) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> PA<br />
dB<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
S 11<br />
-20<br />
S 21<br />
S 22<br />
-30<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7<br />
Frequency(GHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
14
(3) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Filter<br />
Second-order SIR filter<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
dB<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
Return loss<br />
Insertion loss<br />
-60<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
15
(4) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Switch<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Insertion Loss (dB)<br />
-4<br />
-6<br />
-8<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-10<br />
simulation<br />
measurement<br />
-12<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
Isolation (dB)<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
simulation<br />
measurement<br />
post simulation<br />
-70<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
16
(II) Transmit power levels and spectrum mask<br />
A. Transmit power levels<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a - 17.3.9.1<br />
200 mW<br />
(23dBm)<br />
40 mW 5250-5350 MHz<br />
(16dBm)<br />
5150-5250MHz<br />
Ch36<br />
40 44<br />
48<br />
52<br />
56<br />
60<br />
64<br />
800 mW<br />
(29dBm)<br />
5725-5825 MHz<br />
149 153157161<br />
5150<br />
5180<br />
5200<br />
5220<br />
5240<br />
5260<br />
5280<br />
5300<br />
5320<br />
Frequency(MHz)<br />
5745<br />
5765<br />
5785<br />
5805<br />
5825<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
17
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b - 18.4.7.11000mW(USA)<br />
100mW(Europe)<br />
10mW/MHz(Japan)<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>g - 19.4.7.1same as 18.4.7.1<br />
•USA 1000mW • Europe<br />
100 mW<br />
1 3 5 7 9 11<br />
2400 2412 2422 2432 2442 2452 2472<br />
2462 2483.5<br />
1 3 5 7 9 111 13<br />
2412 2422 2432 2442 2452 2462 2472<br />
2400<br />
2483.5<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
18
B. Transmit Spectrum Mask<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a17.3.9.2<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b18.4.7.3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
19
Related to Power Amplifier, <strong>RF</strong> Filter, <strong>RF</strong> Switch<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
∑<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
÷P<br />
<br />
÷2<br />
÷2<br />
<br />
<br />
÷P<br />
<br />
÷2<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
20
Example: 2.4 GHz Class-AB PA<br />
Frequency<br />
Output P 1dB<br />
Output IP3<br />
Power gain<br />
Input return loss<br />
Output return loss<br />
2400-2500 MHz<br />
24.5 dBm<br />
39.5 dBm<br />
14dB<br />
>8dB<br />
>10dB<br />
PAE @ P 24dBm<br />
out<br />
= 38%<br />
DC bias<br />
5V;150mA<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
21
dBm<br />
dBm<br />
PA is driven to have 13.5 dBm<br />
output power<br />
EVM=1.3%(-18.8 dB)<br />
PA is driven to have 22.5 dBm<br />
output power<br />
EVM=4.1%(-13.8 dB)<br />
0<br />
ACPR < -55dBc<br />
0<br />
ACPR< -35dBc<br />
-10<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
-90<br />
2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.4 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45<br />
freq(GHz)<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
-90<br />
2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.4 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45<br />
freq(GHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
22
(III) Allowed constellation error and modulation accuracy<br />
A. Allowed relative constellation error<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a17.3.9.6.3<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b18.4.7.8<br />
Worst-case vector error magnitude<br />
shall not exceeded 0.35 (-4.55dB) for<br />
the normalized sampled chip data.<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
23
B. Modulation Accuracy<br />
17.3.9.6.1 Transmit Center Frequency Leakage<br />
Related to baseband IQ Mixer, <strong>RF</strong> mixer<br />
-11<br />
-21<br />
-31<br />
-41<br />
-51<br />
-61<br />
-71<br />
-81<br />
-91<br />
-101<br />
-111<br />
FFT Spectrum<br />
2400~2483.5 MHz<br />
5150~5350 MHz<br />
Ant<br />
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201<br />
Frequency / MHz<br />
Ant<br />
switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
filter<br />
T/R<br />
switch<br />
LNA<br />
Power<br />
Amp<br />
Gain<br />
Amp<br />
Driver<br />
Amp<br />
Image<br />
flter<br />
LC<br />
<strong>RF</strong> Mixer<br />
SAW<br />
Variable<br />
Gain Amp<br />
<strong>RF</strong>MD <strong>RF</strong>2948<br />
VGC<br />
0<br />
42<br />
90<br />
∑<br />
LPF<br />
Q Out<br />
I Out<br />
Q Data<br />
IQ Mixer<br />
LPF I Data<br />
ADC<br />
ADC<br />
DAC<br />
DAC<br />
PFD<br />
LO1<br />
÷ 2<br />
F ref<br />
LO2<br />
÷P ÷2<br />
PFD<br />
÷P ÷2<br />
-11<br />
-21<br />
-31<br />
-41<br />
-51<br />
-61<br />
-71<br />
-81<br />
-91<br />
-101<br />
-111<br />
FFT Spectrum<br />
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 201<br />
Frequency / MHz<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
25
(IV) Receiver Dynamic Range<br />
A. Receiver minimum input level sensitivity<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a17.3.10.1<br />
Minimum Input Power at the<br />
Antenna Connector for Packet Error<br />
Rate < 10% at a PSDU length <strong>of</strong><br />
1000 bytes<br />
Data Rate<br />
(bits/s)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
6<br />
9<br />
12<br />
18<br />
23<br />
36<br />
48<br />
54<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
Minimum power at<br />
antenna port (dBm)<br />
-82<br />
-81<br />
-79<br />
-77<br />
-74<br />
-70<br />
-66<br />
-65<br />
26<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b18.4.8.1<br />
-76 dBm at antenna port for<br />
frame error ratio (FER)
B. Receiver Maximum Input level<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a17.3.10.4<br />
• –30 dBm measured at the antenna connector for a maximum<br />
Packet Error Rate < 10% at a PSDU length <strong>of</strong> 1000 bytes<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b18.4.8.2<br />
• –10 dBm measured at the antenna for a maximum FER <strong>of</strong> 8% at a<br />
PSDU length <strong>of</strong> 1024 octets.<br />
• This FER shall be specified for 11 Mbit/s CCK modulation.<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>g19.5.3<br />
–20 dBm measured at the antenna connector for the PER less than 10%<br />
at a PSDU length <strong>of</strong> 1000 bytes for any supported modulation signal or<br />
data rate (i.e., 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 22, 24, 33, 36, 48, 54 Mbit/s).<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
27
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
EVM Measurement by HP89441<br />
BPSK & Data Rate: 6Mbits/s<br />
BPSK & Data Rate: 9Mbits/s<br />
QPSK & Data Rate: 12Mbits/s<br />
QPSK & Data Rate: 18Mbits/s<br />
16QAM & Data Rate: 24Mbits/s<br />
16QAM & Data Rate: 36Mbits/s<br />
EVM(%)<br />
15<br />
65 dB dynamic range<br />
<strong>of</strong> 17% EVM<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10<br />
Input Power(dBm)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
28
(V) Adjacent Channel Rejection<br />
A. Adjacent Channel Rejection<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a17.3.10.2<br />
Interfering Signal Power at Adjacent Channel, referenced to the<br />
Desired Signal Level set at 3 dB above the Sensitivity, for Packet<br />
Error Rate < 10% at a PSDU length <strong>of</strong> 1000 bytes<br />
For example:<br />
Desired Signal :<br />
-79 dBm, 6 Mbps OFDM<br />
Adjacent Signal :<br />
6 Mbps OFDM<br />
> 16 dB<br />
3 dB sensitivity<br />
5150<br />
M-1<br />
M M+1<br />
Frequency (MHz)<br />
5828<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
29
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b18.4.8.3<br />
The adjacent channel rejection shall be equal to or better than 35 dB,<br />
with an FER <strong>of</strong> 8×10–2 using 11 Mbit/s CCK modulation and a PSDU<br />
length <strong>of</strong> 1024 octets.<br />
For example:<br />
Desired Signal :<br />
-70 dBm, 11 Mbps CCK<br />
adjacent Signal :<br />
11 Mbps CCK<br />
> 35 dB<br />
6 dB sensitivity<br />
2400<br />
25MHz<br />
Frequency (MHz)<br />
2483.5<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
30
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>g: 19.5 ERP operation specifications<br />
19.5.2 Adjacent channel rejection<br />
For an OFDM PHY the corresponding rejection shall be no less than<br />
specified in Table 91 <strong>of</strong> 17.3.10.(IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a)<br />
The adjacent channel rejection <strong>of</strong> the ERP-DSSS modes shall follow<br />
18.4.8.3 (IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b)<br />
19.6 ER-PBCC operation specifications<br />
19.6.2 Receiver adjacent channel rejection<br />
The adjacent channel rejection shall be equal to or better than 35 dB,<br />
with an FER <strong>of</strong> 8 10 –2 using ER-PBCC modulation and a PSDU length<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1024 octets<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
31
B. Non-adjacent Channel Rejection<br />
Interfering Signal Power at Non-adjacent Channel, referenced to the<br />
Desired Signal Level set at 3 dB above the Sensitivity, for Packet<br />
Error Rate < 10% at a PSDU length <strong>of</strong> 1000 bytes<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
32
For example:<br />
Desired Signal :<br />
-79 dBm, 6 Mbps OFDM<br />
Non-adjacent Signal :<br />
6 Mbps OFDM<br />
> 32 dB<br />
3 dB sensitivity<br />
5150<br />
M-1<br />
M M+1<br />
Frequency (MHz)<br />
5828<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
33
Related to Channel Selection Filter(IF SAW, Baseband Digital Filter)<br />
2400~2483.5 MHz<br />
5150~5350 MHz<br />
Ant<br />
Ant<br />
switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong><br />
filter<br />
T/R<br />
switch<br />
LNA<br />
Power<br />
Amp<br />
Gain<br />
Amp<br />
Driver<br />
Amp<br />
Image<br />
flter<br />
LC<br />
SAW<br />
Variable<br />
Gain Amp<br />
<strong>RF</strong>MD <strong>RF</strong>2948<br />
VGC<br />
0<br />
42<br />
90<br />
∑<br />
LPF<br />
Q Out<br />
I Out<br />
Q Data<br />
LPF I Data<br />
ADC<br />
ADC<br />
DAC<br />
DAC<br />
PFD<br />
LO1<br />
÷ 2<br />
F ref<br />
LO2<br />
÷P ÷2<br />
PFD<br />
÷P ÷2<br />
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How do we achieve?<br />
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III. <strong>Design</strong> Example: <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> <strong>WLAN</strong> <strong>RF</strong> Module<br />
(A) <strong>RF</strong> Transceiver Architecture and Frequency Plan<br />
(B) Transmitter Power Budget<br />
(C) Receiver Gain Budget<br />
(D) Key Components <strong>Design</strong><br />
(E) Module Integration<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(A) <strong>RF</strong> Transceiver Architecture and Frequency Plan<br />
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∑<br />
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÷P<br />
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÷2<br />
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÷P<br />
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÷2<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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Frequency Planning for <strong>802.11</strong>a/b/g <strong>RF</strong> Transceiver<br />
(a) fixed IF or floating IF<br />
(b) LO frequency range<br />
fixed IF<br />
<strong>802.11</strong>b/g <strong>RF</strong><br />
<strong>802.11</strong>b/g LO<br />
<strong>802.11</strong>a <strong>RF</strong><br />
<strong>802.11</strong>a LO LO<br />
Share same frequency synthesizer to save component count<br />
and DC power consumption<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(B) Transmitter Power Budget<br />
40<br />
IEEE80211b/g Power Budget<br />
(CW)<br />
11 Mbps DQPSK<br />
30<br />
Output P 1dB<br />
Power(dBm)<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
OFDM 54 Mbps 64QAM<br />
-10<br />
P in =-2 dBm<br />
-20<br />
VGA<br />
BPF<br />
Mix1<br />
Image_filter<br />
Driver_Amp<br />
PA<br />
Switch1<br />
<strong>RF</strong>_filter<br />
Ant_switch<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
39
OFDM 54 Mbps 64QAM<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a Power Budget<br />
VGA<br />
BPF<br />
Mix1<br />
Image_filter<br />
Driver_Amp<br />
PA<br />
Switch1<br />
<strong>RF</strong>_filter<br />
Ant_switch<br />
40<br />
30<br />
Output P 1dB<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
P in =-2 dBm<br />
-20<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
40<br />
Power(dBm)
(C) Receiver Gain Budget<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>b/g Power Budget<br />
IEEE<strong>802.11</strong>a Power Budget<br />
30<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
Output P 1dB<br />
20<br />
10<br />
Output P 1dB<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Power(dBm)<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
P in =-20 dBm<br />
dynamic<br />
range<br />
P in =-76 dBm<br />
Power(dBm)<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
-90<br />
P in =-30 dBm<br />
dynamic<br />
range<br />
P in =-82 dBm<br />
-90<br />
Ant_Switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong>_filter<br />
Switch1<br />
LNA<br />
Image_filter<br />
Mix1<br />
SAW<br />
IF_amp<br />
Ant_Switch<br />
<strong>RF</strong>_filter<br />
Switch1<br />
LNA<br />
Image_filter<br />
Mix1<br />
SAW<br />
IF_amp<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(D) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> <strong>RF</strong> Key Component <strong>Design</strong><br />
• Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-band LNA<br />
• Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-band PA<br />
• Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Filter<br />
• Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Switch<br />
• VCO and Frequency Synthesizer<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(1) Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> LNA- Circuit 1<br />
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40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
(dB)<br />
-20<br />
-40<br />
S21 simulation<br />
S21 measurement<br />
-60<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br />
Frequency(GHz)<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(1) Concurrent <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> LNA- 0.18umCMOS<br />
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20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
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S21 (dB)<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
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-30<br />
-40<br />
Simulation<br />
Measurement<br />
-50<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10<br />
Freq. (GHz)<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(2) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> PA<br />
dB<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
S 11<br />
-20<br />
S 21<br />
S 22<br />
-30<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7<br />
Frequency(GHz)<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(3) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Filter<br />
Second-order SIR filter<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
dB<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
Return loss<br />
Insertion loss<br />
-60<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(4) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> Switch<br />
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0<br />
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-2<br />
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Insertion Loss (dB)<br />
-4<br />
-6<br />
-8<br />
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-10<br />
simulation<br />
measurement<br />
-12<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
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Frequency (GHz)<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
Isolation (dB)<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
simulation<br />
measurement<br />
post simulation<br />
-70<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(5) <strong>Dual</strong>-<strong>Band</strong> VCO and Frequency Synthesizer<br />
5.6 GHz VCO<br />
Colpitts<br />
Vcc<br />
Vcc<br />
310 MHz<br />
Tuning Range<br />
VCO out<br />
<br />
BFG425<br />
BFG425<br />
Phase Noise: -95.95<br />
dBc/Hz@100kHz <strong>of</strong>fset<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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5.6 GHz 0.18um CMOS quadrature VCO<br />
-113 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz <strong>of</strong>f<br />
V DD<br />
V DD<br />
M A3 M A1<br />
M A2<br />
M A4<br />
M B3<br />
M B1<br />
M B2<br />
M B4<br />
I OUT<br />
+<br />
V CNTL<br />
M A6 M A7<br />
I OUT<br />
-Q OUT<br />
+ Q OUT<br />
-<br />
V bias<br />
V CNTL MB6 M B7<br />
V bias<br />
V bias<br />
V bias<br />
M A5<br />
M B5<br />
PAD<br />
3 o phase imbalance<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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8 synthesized carriers<br />
-67 dBC spur level<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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-97.8 dBc/Hz phase noise at<br />
100 kHz <strong>of</strong>f carrier<br />
124 µS settling time<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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(E) 2.4/5.2-GHz <strong>RF</strong> Integration<br />
Antenna<br />
diversity<br />
switch<br />
<strong>Dual</strong>band<br />
receiver<br />
Frontend<br />
<strong>Dual</strong>band<br />
transmitter<br />
frontend<br />
IF IQ modem<br />
<strong>Dual</strong>band frequency<br />
synthesizer<br />
<strong>RF</strong>-<br />
BB<br />
interface<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
52
(I) 2.4/5.2-GHz <strong>RF</strong> receiver test<br />
2.4 GHz CCK QPSK 11 Mbps:<br />
EVM=6.86 % (-60dBm received power)<br />
2.4 GHz 64QAM 54 Mbps<br />
EVM=6.2 % ( -60dBm received power)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
53
5.2 GHz 64QAM 54 Mbps:<br />
EVM=4.05 % ( -60dBm received power)<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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EVM Measurement by HP89441<br />
RX(with IF IQ modem) Dynamic Range Test<br />
40<br />
EVM(%)<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5.2 GHz <strong>Band</strong><br />
EVM Measurement by HP89441<br />
BPSK & Data Rate: 6Mbits/s<br />
BPSK & Data Rate: 9Mbits/s<br />
QPSK & Data Rate: 12Mbits/s<br />
QPSK & Data Rate: 18Mbits/s<br />
16QAM & Data Rate: 24Mbits/s<br />
16QAM & Data Rate: 36Mbits/s<br />
65 dB dynamic<br />
range for 17% EVM<br />
EVM(%)<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
BPSK & Data Rate: 6Mbits/s<br />
BPSK & Data Rate: 9Mbits/s<br />
QPSK & Data Rate: 12Mbits/s<br />
QPSK & Data Rate: 18Mbits/s<br />
16QAM & Data Rate: 24Mbits/s<br />
16QAM & Data Rate: 36Mbits/s<br />
2.4 GHz <strong>Band</strong><br />
70 dB dynamic<br />
range for 17% EVM<br />
5<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
Input Power(dBm)<br />
55<br />
5<br />
-90<br />
0<br />
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10<br />
Input Power(dBm)
(II) 2.4/5.2-GHz <strong>RF</strong> transmitter test<br />
2.4 GHz 12 Mbps QPSK:<br />
EVM=5.8%=-24.7 dB<br />
2.4 GHz 54 Mbps 64QAM:<br />
EVM=5.1%=-25.9 dB<br />
CCU-EE<br />
Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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5.2 GHz 64QAM 54 Mbps:<br />
EVM=4.46 %=-27.0 dB<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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IV. Conclusion<br />
Transform <strong>of</strong> a written document into a physical module<br />
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• Examine <strong>802.11</strong>a/b/g <strong>RF</strong> specifications<br />
• Determine <strong>RF</strong> transceiver architecture<br />
• Calculate and simulate <strong>RF</strong> transceiver link budget<br />
• <strong>Design</strong> <strong>RF</strong> key circuits-MMIC, HMIC<br />
• <strong>RF</strong> Module Integration and measurement<br />
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Wireless Communication Lab<br />
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Thank you<br />
Sincerely appreciate ISSC for partial funding support<br />
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