Ultra-Wide-Band Location, Identification and Communication
Ultra-Wide-Band Location, Identification and Communication
Ultra-Wide-Band Location, Identification and Communication
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<strong>Ultra</strong>-<strong>Wide</strong>-<strong>B<strong>and</strong></strong> <strong>Location</strong>,<strong>Identification</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Communication</strong>• Introduction• ProposedSystem• TransmitterAmplifiers• Conclusion
What is UWB?• <strong>B<strong>and</strong></strong>width > 20%• <strong>B<strong>and</strong></strong>width > 500 MHz• > 20 years of military applications• US FCC 2002a, b st<strong>and</strong>ards– 0.5 mW evenly spread from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz– 50 µW average power• IEEE 802.15.3a, 4a study groups– High <strong>and</strong> low data rate personal area networks
Frequency Domain vs. Time DomainFrequency DomainTime DomainSixteen 500 MHzchannelsSub-ns impulse(carrier-less)
Advantages of Impulse-Based UWB• License free• Noise like, little interference to others• Difficult to intercept or detect• Low complexity <strong>and</strong> flexible• Low power• Low cost• Resistant to multi-path fading <strong>and</strong> jamming• See through wall• Precision timing for location, tracking, etc.
Proposed System• UWB location,identification &communication• Locator powermay exceed FCCmask• Scalable to1,000s of RFIDtags, both active(< 10 mW) <strong>and</strong>passive (< 100µW)• Centimeterresolution over100’s of metersUWB RFID Tags(x, y,z)?Locator
Applications of Proposed System• Pervasive healthcare• Safety <strong>and</strong> disaster recovery• Entertainment <strong>and</strong> gaming• Smart space <strong>and</strong> collaborativeworkspace• Education <strong>and</strong> training• Logistics• Environmental monitoring/protection
UWB TransceiverANTGAINADCFILTERCLOCKDIGITALTX
Fifth-Order Derivative Gaussian PulseUWB Circuit DevelopmentGenerator• Antenna Co-Design• Pulse Generation & Amplification• Analogue Correlator• Min. power consumption• Min. jitter
Challenges for Transmitter Amplifier• UWB antenna tends to be highly resistive• High-voltage (>10V) short-pulse (
GaAs/InGaP HBT TechnologyIn pulse mode:IcVcic.pulseic.cwLoad Line• Breakdownvoltage extends.• Kirk currentincreases.Benefits:• More outputpower!• Higher loadimpedance!
Discrete HBT OutputCOLLECTOR VOLTAGE (V)40-4-8-12(..) measured vs. (—) modeled GaAs HBTimpulse response to 2.5V 200ps inputVce=8VVce=12VVce=16V0 1 2 3 4 5TIME (ns)
tUWB Transmitter AmplifierV_tuner=3.0-3.6VV_dc2=15VV_dc1=3.3VVin02.53.53.55Vin0, V2.01.51.00.50.00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220tim e, nsecVoutx, V3.02.52.01.51.05 10 150 20time, nsecVout_2, V3.02.52.01.51.00.50.00 2040time, nsecVout, V0-5-10-150 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45tim e, nsecInput signalImpulse SignalPre-driveroutput• Impulse generation by differential pair• Pre-driving by darlington amplifierFinal Output• Final impulse amplification <strong>and</strong> compression byclass C amplifier in pulse mode
Final Output ShapingL-C networkTrans. Line
Signals from the internal circuit
Output of Transmitter AmplifierTime-Domain OutputFrequency-Domain OutputTransmitter amplifiers with 20:1 voltage gain 4:1pulse compression <strong>and</strong> 400 Ohm load impedancedesigned.
Integrated Transmitter Amplifier <strong>and</strong>Pulsed-Shaping Circuit950um950um
Future Plan• Model <strong>and</strong> characterize sub-nanosecond impulseresponse of high-voltage GaN HEMT• Monolithically integrated high-voltage UWBamplifiers, transmitters <strong>and</strong> receivers• Antenna array techniques to enhance UWBsignalling, medium access control, <strong>and</strong> ToA/AoApositioning• Low-power UWB RFID tags <strong>and</strong> readers• Ranging algorithms <strong>and</strong> error models• Cross layer design <strong>and</strong> optimization to enhancepositioning accuracy, update rate, <strong>and</strong> scalability
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