MUNISI DISSERTATION REPORT FINAL[1].pdf - muhas

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34 Table 6: Prevalence of thinness in pupils by age, sex and topographical zone (N=579) Thinness Variable Normal n (%) Thinness n (%) Severe thinness n (%) Total N P-value Age (Years) 7 – 10 181 (91.9) 14 (7.1) 2 (1.0) 197 11 – 14 308 (86.0) 43 (12.0) 7 (2.0) 358 0.203 15 – 17 22 (91.6) 1 (4.2) 1 (4.2) 24 Sex Male 209 (90.1) 28 (11.6) 4 (1.7) 241 0.555 Female 302 (89.3) 30 (8.9) 6 (1.8) 338 Topographical zone Upland plateau zone 208 (94.1) 10 (4.5) 3 (1.4) 221 Middle plateau zone 111 (85.4) 17 (13.1) 2 (1.5) 130 0.013 Lowlands zone 192 (84.2) 31 (13.6) 5 (2.2) 228 Thinness = -2.99≤ Z score≤-2, Severe thinness = Z score ≤ -3 P- value were calculated using χ2-statistic
35 4.6. Prevalence of anaemia in pupils by age, sex and topographical zone The mean hemoglobin level was 13.4g/dl [95%CI (13.2, 13.5)]. The minimum hemoglobin level was 8.7g/dl and the maximum hemoglobin level was 17.3g/dl. The overall prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 3.1%, [95%CI (1.9, 4.9)]. Out of these 9 (50%) [95%CI (26.0, 74.0)] had mild anaemia (Hb 10 -10.9 g/dl) and another 9 had moderate anaemia (Hb 7 – 9.9 g/dl). None of the school children had severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dl) (Table 8). Hemoglobin levels were analyzed by age groups and it was observed that the 11 – 14 years age group had the highest prevalenceof anaemia which was 3.4% [95%CI (1.7,5.8)] followed by 7 – 10 years age group which had 3.0% [95%CI (1.1,6.5 )]. Most importantly the 15 – 17 age-group had none of the children with anaemia. This observed difference in the prevalence of anaemia by age group was found not to be statistically significant (χ2= 4.893, P=0.298) (Table 8). Hemoglobin levels were also analyzed by sex and it was observed that male school children had higher prevalence of anaemia which was 4.1% [95%CI (2.0, 7.5)] than female who had 2.4% [95%CI (1.0, 4.6)] of the children with anaemia. And this observed difference was not statistically significant (χ2= 2.399, P=0.301) (Table 8). Hemoglobin levels were also analyzed by topographical zone of residence, and it was observed that lowlands zone had the highest prevalence of anaemia which was 4.8% [95%CI (2.4, 8.5)] followed by the upland plateau zone which had 2.7% [95%CI (1.0, 5.8)] and lastly 0.8% [95%CI (0.0, 4.2)] in the middle plateau zone. This observed topographical zonal difference in the prevalence of anaemia was not statistically significant, it could only have been by chance (χ2= 5.675, P=0.225) (Table 8).
Page 1 and 2: i SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECT
Page 3 and 4: iii DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Da
Page 5 and 6: v DEDICATION This work is dedicated
Page 7 and 8: vii prevalence of stunting was 42.3
Page 9 and 10: ix TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION
Page 11 and 12: xi 3.13. Variables ................
Page 13 and 14: 1 CHAPTER ONE 1.0. INTRODUCTION Soi
Page 15 and 16: 3 Dodoma, Tabora, Singida and Rukwa
Page 17 and 18: 5 This study was then designed to p
Page 19 and 20: 7 CHAPTER TWO 2.1. LITERATURE REVIE
Page 21 and 22: 9 In Tanzania STH are quite prevale
Page 23 and 24: 11 The most striking epidemiologica
Page 25 and 26: 13 is stunted, wasted, or both (Nat
Page 27 and 28: 15 Soil-transmitted helminth infect
Page 29 and 30: 17 Morbidity due to soil-transmitte
Page 31 and 32: 19 CHAPTER THREE 3.0. METHODOLOGY 3
Page 33 and 34: 21 Where; • n= The estimated samp
Page 35 and 36: 23 3.9. Data collection procedure 3
Page 37 and 38: 25 All children who were found to b
Page 39 and 40: 27 3.13.2. Dependent variables Heig
Page 41 and 42: 29 Table 4: Demographic characteris
Page 43 and 44: 31 4.4. Prevalence of Stunting in s
Page 45: 33 4.5. Prevalence of thinness in s
Page 49 and 50: 37 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0. DISCUSSION The
Page 51 and 52: 39 prevalence of stunting being 44.
Page 53 and 54: 41 no difference in the prevalence
Page 55 and 56: 43 as besides other factors STHs an
Page 57 and 58: 45 Bethony J., Brooker S., Albonico
Page 59 and 60: 47 International Federation of Red
Page 61 and 62: 49 Muller O. and Krawinkel M. (2005
Page 63 and 64: 51 Schistosomiasis Control Initiati
Page 65 and 66: 53 World Health Organization. (2006
Page 67 and 68: 55 6.3.2. Appendix 2: Informed Cons
Page 69 and 70: 57 Signature Do you agree? Particip
Page 71 and 72: 59 kupatiwa matibabu husika, na pia
Page 73 and 74: 61 6.3.4. Appendix 4: Questionnaire
Page 75 and 76: 63 6.3.6. Appendix 6: Stool analysi

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