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H.261<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
MPEG-7
H.261<br />
1.1 H.261<br />
1.2 H.261<br />
1.3 H.261<br />
1.4 H.261<br />
1.5 H.261<br />
1.6 H.26
1.1 H.261<br />
H.261 P64 ITU-T<br />
CCITT<br />
<br />
ISDN64kbps<br />
6 4 kbps <br />
p64kbpsH261<br />
<br />
QCIFCIF
1.2 H.261
PCM<br />
<br />
PCM<br />
641920kbs N-<br />
ISDNPCM<br />
<br />
PAL<br />
625 25<br />
<br />
6252 NTSC<br />
525 30
1.3 H.261<br />
625<br />
PAL 525NTSC<br />
<br />
CIF(Common Intermediate Format)<br />
<br />
CIFQCIF<br />
<br />
CIF<br />
352288<br />
172144
43<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ISDN P1<br />
2<br />
128kbpsCIF<br />
<br />
QCIF<br />
176*144<br />
88*72<br />
<br />
QCIF
CCIR601 ISO/MPEG-1 CCITT H.261<br />
PAL NTSC SIF CIF QCIF<br />
25 30 25 30 29.97<br />
Y 576<br />
Cr 288<br />
Cb 288<br />
Y 720<br />
Cr 360<br />
Cb 360<br />
480<br />
240<br />
240<br />
288<br />
144<br />
144<br />
360<br />
180<br />
180<br />
240<br />
120<br />
120<br />
288<br />
144<br />
144<br />
352<br />
176<br />
176<br />
144<br />
72<br />
72<br />
176<br />
88<br />
88<br />
1
1.4 H.261<br />
•
CIFQCIF<br />
<br />
ISDN<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
4<br />
DCT
BCH<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
p*64<br />
kbps(p=1-30), 64kbps1.92Mbps
• <br />
P=12 QCIF<br />
<br />
64kbps<br />
<br />
40kbps 16kbps<br />
128kbps<br />
16-64kbps<br />
<br />
64-112kbps<br />
10-15/<br />
250ms<br />
<br />
<br />
DCIF<br />
<br />
P6, CIF<br />
30
• <br />
<br />
BCH
1.5 H.261
8*8<br />
<br />
<br />
16*16 MB<br />
<br />
30000/1001=29.97
8*8DCT DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT
DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT
DCT<br />
VLC<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
<br />
31
ZigZag<br />
<br />
EOB<br />
<br />
(Run)<br />
(Level)<br />
<br />
20<br />
6 (Escape)6<br />
(Run) 8 (Level)
0-255
• <br />
<br />
<br />
(Picture)<br />
(GOBGroup of blocks) (MB<br />
Macroblock) (Block)<br />
<br />
CIF<br />
12GOB GOB 33MB<br />
MB 4<br />
1Cb Cr<br />
B 8*8<br />
GOB MB
1
•
• <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
BCH
1.6 H.26<br />
H.261
ITU-T SG151990 "ATM<br />
<br />
" B-<br />
ISDN ATM<br />
199311 MPEG<br />
H.262<br />
<br />
<br />
3C
DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
" "<br />
<br />
<br />
"
DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
" "<br />
<br />
<br />
"
MPEG<br />
<br />
2.1 MPEG-1<br />
2.2 MPEG-1<br />
2.3 MPEG-1
MPEG<br />
( Moving Picture Expert Group)<br />
<br />
MPEG 10<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG MPEG<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
501
ISO<br />
ITU<br />
<br />
H.261<br />
JPEG<br />
JBIG <br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-2MPEG-3MPEG-4MPEG-7
2.1 MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG MPEG MPEG<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
1.5Mbps<br />
1.2Mbps<br />
0.3Mbps<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
MPEG
MPEG-1 SIF<br />
VHS CD<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
1/100-1200 1<br />
6.5<br />
MPEG1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1 SIF<br />
2530/<br />
1.5Mbps<br />
1.2Mbps 0.3Mbps
VHS<br />
CD MPEG-1<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG-1<br />
IDCT<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
1. <br />
VCD<br />
0K<br />
2.
3. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
4. <br />
<br />
5.
JPEG<br />
H261
MPEG-1<br />
1. <br />
<br />
VHS<br />
<br />
CD-ROM<br />
2. <br />
<br />
3. <br />
1-15Mbps 1.2Mbps<br />
4. ISDN LAN<br />
5.
MPEG-1<br />
1. MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
2. MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3. <br />
4.
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1 H.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2<br />
MPEG
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
SIF<br />
H.261 MPEG<br />
16*16<br />
8*8 DCT<br />
<br />
<br />
“ ”slice
MPEG
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
Intra pictures predicted <br />
pictures (bi-directional picture)<br />
1. I<br />
JPEG
2. P<br />
IP<br />
<br />
P<br />
<br />
B<br />
P P<br />
<br />
3. <br />
<br />
B<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
IBBPBBPBBPBBPBBIBBPBBPBBPBBPBB<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
H.261<br />
MPEG-1
1. <br />
I<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I<br />
<br />
I<br />
2. <br />
B<br />
IP<br />
B
B<br />
<br />
3. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
B<br />
B
P B<br />
<br />
I
MPEG<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
(interpel)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(<br />
) <br />
<br />
( )
MPEG<br />
<br />
(DCT)<br />
88
( )<br />
DPCM<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
( DPCM/DCT ) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
( )<br />
DPCM<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
( DPCM/DCT ) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG<br />
YUV (<br />
)<br />
<br />
Y:U:V ( MPEG-2 4:1:1<br />
4:2:2
DPCM<br />
MPEG-l MPEG-2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(<br />
<br />
)
(MPEG-lMPEG-2<br />
<br />
1616 )<br />
<br />
MPEG
(<br />
<br />
)
(NN ) 88<br />
<br />
(DCT)<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
<br />
VLSI
DCT<br />
<br />
DCT (<br />
DCT )<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT
DCT<br />
DPCM<br />
DCT<br />
DCT<br />
MPEG
( )<br />
( ) <br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
DPCM/DCT
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-l(MPEG-2)<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1 (I<br />
)<br />
<br />
(P )<br />
<br />
" " 4<br />
(Y1Y2Y3Y4)
(UV)<br />
<br />
YUV<br />
<br />
411 <br />
<br />
P<br />
<br />
" "(MB)<br />
<br />
4 (Y 3<br />
Y2Y3Y4)<br />
(UV)<br />
<br />
88<br />
1(I ) (INTRA)
DCT <br />
88<br />
DCT 64DCT<br />
<br />
(Q)<br />
DCT<br />
(DC )<br />
<br />
(AC )<br />
<br />
DC<br />
<br />
DC DC<br />
<br />
(VLC)
P I<br />
N-l<br />
<br />
(MC)-<br />
N N-1 <br />
<br />
<br />
88DCT<br />
<br />
88 DCT<br />
(Q)<br />
(VLC)
(SZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
N<br />
<br />
(VB) (VLD) <br />
(QDCT-1 )
MPEG<br />
MPEG-1<br />
"<br />
"<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
2001<br />
99%<br />
MPEG
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
MPEG
2.2 MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
32kHz44.1kHz48kHz<br />
<br />
CDDAT<br />
PCM<br />
mp3
MPEG<br />
<br />
1991<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
MPEG <br />
/<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
1:12 <br />
, 30M CD <br />
, MP3 2M . JPG<br />
<br />
, . MP3 <br />
<br />
, , <br />
MP3
MPEG<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
96kbps<br />
CD<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG-1 layer<br />
<br />
LAYER
Audio Layer I ——<br />
32<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Audio Layer II ——<br />
<br />
Audio Layer III ——
Audio Layer III<br />
Audio Layer IAudio Layer II<br />
Audio Layer III ITU-R 60kbps<br />
<br />
Audio Layer III<br />
ISDN<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG-1
Layer III;
Layer III;
PCM<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
PCM<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
32
2 <br />
<br />
12 1111 1111 1111<br />
1 MPEG-1 <br />
2 <br />
1 <br />
4 15 <br />
2 44.1 kHz48 kHz32 kHz<br />
1 Slot<br />
1 <br />
2 <br />
2 <br />
1 <br />
1
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I II<br />
32<br />
1236<br />
<br />
III<br />
<br />
6*3218*32<br />
<br />
6*32
"<br />
<br />
"<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
III<br />
<br />
III<br />
<br />
SMR III<br />
SMR
SMR
I<br />
II<br />
PCM<br />
<br />
III
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
2-10Hz
2.3 MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1
2.3 MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-1
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
90khz
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
3.1 <br />
3.2 <br />
3.3 MPEG-2<br />
3.4 MPEG-2<br />
3.5 MPEG-2 MPEG-1
3.1 <br />
MPEG<br />
19907 ITU-TS<br />
<br />
ATM<br />
H.262<br />
MPEG-2
1993<br />
"<br />
"<br />
DVB<br />
MPEG-2<br />
HDTV<br />
<br />
OFDM<br />
MPEG-2 ISO<br />
166311<br />
MPEG-2
3.2 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-2
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
720*480<br />
CCIR-601<br />
MPEG-1<br />
4-10Mbps MPEG-1<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite)CATV<br />
(Cable Television)DigiCipherHDTV
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
720*480<br />
CCIR-601<br />
MPEG-1<br />
4-10Mbps MPEG-1<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite)CATV<br />
(Cable Television)DigiCipherHDTV
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
720*480<br />
CCIR-601<br />
MPEG-1<br />
4-10Mbps MPEG-1<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite)CATV<br />
(Cable Television)DigiCipherHDTV
MPEG-2<br />
‣<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
‣<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG2 MP@ML<br />
MPEG2 4:2:2P@ML
‣<br />
<br />
MPEG2<br />
MPEG2 4:2:2<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
‣<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
‣<br />
<br />
<br />
/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG
‣ -<br />
<br />
MPEG2<br />
<br />
<br />
GOP<br />
<br />
<br />
‣
3.3 MPEG-2<br />
MPEG-2<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
HDTV<br />
<br />
/ H.261<br />
<br />
MAIN<br />
HDTV level,<br />
profile, 11
3 <br />
<br />
/ <br />
<br />
<br />
low 352x240x30 3.05 M 4 Mb/s CIF,<br />
main 720x480x30 10.40 M 15 Mb/s CCIR 601,<br />
1440 1440x1152x30 47.00 M 60 Mb/s 4x 601,<br />
High1440<br />
consumer HDTV<br />
high 1920x1080x30 62.70 M 80 Mb/s production<br />
SMPTE 240M std
4 MPEG-2 profile<br />
<br />
<br />
simple main <br />
B main CATV<br />
main+ <br />
CATV<br />
main+ 95%<br />
next SNR main<br />
main<br />
4:2:2 main+
5 MPEG-2
‣<br />
Main Profile at Main<br />
level MP@ML<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1
‣<br />
Sample Profile at main<br />
level SP@ML
‣<br />
Main Profile at high level<br />
MP@HL<br />
<br />
HDTV<br />
80M <br />
‣-1441<br />
Spatial scalable<br />
profile at high 1440 level SSP@1440<br />
<br />
Scalable
3.4 MPEG-2<br />
MPEG-2<br />
(profile)<br />
<br />
MPEG-2<br />
Hierarchical coding
‣<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
‣<br />
<br />
downsample<br />
(upsample)<br />
<br />
MPEG-2
MPEG-2
HDTV
3.5 MPEG-2 MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
‣ <br />
<br />
‣ DCT Huffman
‣<br />
MPEG-1(ISO/IEC1172)<br />
1.5Mbps, VCDDAB<br />
<br />
MPEG-2(ISO/IEC13818)<br />
10Mbps,<br />
(DVB)<br />
(HDTV)DVD<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-2
‣<br />
<br />
<br />
at I P B <br />
MPEG-1 SIF<br />
150,000<br />
@ 1.5 Mbps<br />
50,000 20,000 38,000<br />
MPEG-2 601<br />
400,000<br />
@4Mbps<br />
200,000 80,000 130,000
MPEG-1<br />
CPB(Constraned Parameters<br />
Bitetream),<br />
<br />
<br />
CPB<br />
25HZ<br />
396<br />
101376<br />
30HZ<br />
330<br />
84480
MPEG-1<br />
352*240*30fps352*288*25fps<br />
MPEG-1G<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
CPB<br />
<br />
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
16
‣ MPEG-2<br />
<br />
MPEG-11-31<br />
0.5-56<br />
‣ MPEG-2DCT<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
<br />
‣ MPEG-2<br />
DCT
‣ MPEG-2<br />
MPEG-1 -127-127 -2043-<br />
+2043<br />
‣ DCT<br />
‣ <br />
MPEG-2
‣ EOB<br />
MPEG-1EOB<br />
2 3<br />
4<br />
MPEG-2<br />
I EOB 4<br />
<br />
916<br />
‣ MPEG1 VLC<br />
G3<br />
MPEG2 INTRA
‣ MPEG-2MPEG-1<br />
<br />
<br />
‣ <br />
<br />
DRAM DRAM /<br />
MPEG-1 CPB 0.4 to .75 million 4 Mbit 16 bits @ 80 ns<br />
MPEG-1 601 0.8 to 1.1 million 16 Mbit 64 bits @ 80 ns<br />
MPEG-2 MP<br />
@ML<br />
0.9 to 1.5 million 16 Mbit 64 bits @ 80 ns<br />
MPEG-2<br />
MP@High1440 2 to 3 million 64 Mbit N/A
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
4.1 MPEG-4<br />
4.2 MPEG-4<br />
4.3 MPEG-4<br />
4.4 MPEG-4<br />
4.5 MPEG-4<br />
4.6
4.1 MPEG-4<br />
1988<br />
<br />
1) <br />
"JPEG"<br />
<br />
"H.261"
2) <br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-2<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
Huffman<br />
MPEG-2<br />
MPEG-1
3C<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-2 "" ""<br />
<br />
<br />
" "<br />
"" " " "<br />
<br />
3C<br />
MPEG-2
3C<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-1<br />
MPEG-2 "" ""<br />
<br />
<br />
" "<br />
"" " " "<br />
<br />
3C<br />
MPEG-2
ISO<br />
<br />
MPEG 19937<br />
<br />
---MPEG-4<br />
19993<br />
ISO/IEC14496199912<br />
2
4.2 MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
64kbps
4.3 MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-4 <br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
MSDL<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
MSDL <br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
AV
• <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
MPEG-4 <br />
<br />
/<br />
<br />
<br />
/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
•
• <br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
• <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
•
4.4 MPEG-4<br />
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2D3D<br />
(<br />
)
(implicit)2D
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
/<br />
<br />
(View Dependent<br />
Application)<br />
MPEG-4
MPEG-1MPEG-2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
VLBV<br />
(VLBVVery Low Bit Rate Video)<br />
5-64kbits/s<br />
<br />
(<br />
352288 )<br />
( 15Hz)
VLBV<br />
(a)<br />
(b)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
FF/FR(<br />
/ )<br />
MPEG-4<br />
HBV(HBV: High Bit Rate Video<br />
64kbits/s-4Mbits/s )
ITU-R 601
MPEG-4<br />
Contentbased
4.5 MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP(Video Object Plane:<br />
)<br />
VOP
VOP(Video Object Plane:<br />
)
H.261MPEG-<br />
1/MPEG-2<br />
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-4 VOP
VOP(Video Object<br />
Plane)<br />
VOP<br />
VO(Video Object)VO
VOP<br />
(<br />
) ( )<br />
<br />
H.261MPEG-<br />
1/MPEG-2<br />
MPEG4<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
(Shape)<br />
(Transparency)<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-4<br />
VOP
H.261<br />
MPEG-1/MPEG-2<br />
<br />
VOPMPEG-4
VOP<br />
VOP
VOP<br />
<br />
1616 (Macroblock)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
VOP (VOP<br />
Window),<br />
16<br />
VOP VOP
VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
(88<br />
) -<br />
VOP<br />
(Intra)<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
AC<br />
<br />
(
VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
(88<br />
) -<br />
VOP<br />
(Intra)<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
AC<br />
<br />
(
MPEG-4<br />
VO<br />
<br />
<br />
01 VOP<br />
0 VOP 1 VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0255<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
DCT (<br />
<br />
)
(<br />
)
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
VOP 3 (Intraframe)<br />
(I-VOP) (Interframe)<br />
(P-VOP)<br />
(Bidirectionally)<br />
(B-VOP)
MPEG-4<br />
1616<br />
88<br />
VOPMPEG-4<br />
(Image Padding)<br />
(Polygon Matching)<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP
MPEG-4 8<br />
<br />
SPRITE<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
8
I-VOP<br />
B-VOP<br />
P-VOP
88<br />
DCT<br />
VOP<br />
DCT<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
VOP VOP<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
<br />
DCT DCAC
B-VOP<br />
P-VOP<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
128<br />
SADCT(Shape-adaptive DCT) VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
( )
B-VOP<br />
P-VOP<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
128<br />
SADCT(Shape-adaptive DCT) VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
( )
B-VOP<br />
P-VOP<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
128<br />
SADCT(Shape-adaptive DCT) VOP<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DCT<br />
( )
MPEG-4<br />
VOL(Video Object Layer)<br />
2<br />
VOL<br />
<br />
<br />
VOP<br />
VOP<br />
<br />
VO(<br />
VO)
4.6 <br />
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
3C<br />
<br />
19991<br />
( ISO/IEC 14496) 1999<br />
11
MPEG-1/MPEG-<br />
2VCD/DVD<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
MPEG<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-4
--<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-4
MPEG-7
MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
MPEG-4<br />
MPEG<br />
MPEG-7<br />
<br />
Multimedia Content Description<br />
Interface
MPEG-7 MPEG-4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2001MPEG-7
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