<strong>Commonwealth</strong> Human Rights Initiative The <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) is an <strong>in</strong>dependent, non-partisan, <strong>in</strong>ternational non-governmental organisation, m<strong>and</strong>ated <strong>to</strong> ensure the practical realisation of human rights <strong>in</strong> the countries of the <strong>Commonwealth</strong>. In 1987, several <strong>Commonwealth</strong> professional associations founded CHRI. They believed that while the <strong>Commonwealth</strong> provided member countries a shared set of values <strong>and</strong> legal pr<strong>in</strong>ciples from which <strong>to</strong> work <strong>and</strong> provided a forum with<strong>in</strong> which <strong>to</strong> promote human rights, there was little focus on the issues of human rights with<strong>in</strong> the <strong>Commonwealth</strong>. The objectives of CHRI are <strong>to</strong> promote awareness of <strong>and</strong> adherence <strong>to</strong> the <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Harare Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights <strong>and</strong> other <strong>in</strong>ternationally recognised human rights <strong>in</strong>struments, as well as domestic <strong>in</strong>struments support<strong>in</strong>g human rights <strong>in</strong> <strong>Commonwealth</strong> member states. Through its reports <strong>and</strong> periodic <strong>in</strong>vestigations, CHRI cont<strong>in</strong>ually draws attention <strong>to</strong> progress <strong>and</strong> setbacks <strong>to</strong> human rights <strong>in</strong> <strong>Commonwealth</strong> countries. In advocat<strong>in</strong>g for approaches <strong>and</strong> measures <strong>to</strong> prevent human rights abuses, CHRI addresses the <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Secretariat, member governments <strong>and</strong> civil society associations. Through its public education programmes, policy dialogues, comparative research, advocacy <strong>and</strong> network<strong>in</strong>g, CHRI’s approach throughout is <strong>to</strong> act as a catalyst around its priority issues. The nature of CHRI’s sponsor<strong>in</strong>g organisations allows for a national presence <strong>and</strong> an <strong>in</strong>ternational network.* These professionals can also steer public policy by <strong>in</strong>corporat<strong>in</strong>g human rights norms <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> their own work <strong>and</strong> act as a conduit <strong>to</strong> dissem<strong>in</strong>ate human rights <strong>in</strong>formation, st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> practices. These groups also br<strong>in</strong>g local knowledge, can access policymakers, highlight issues, <strong>and</strong> act <strong>in</strong> concert <strong>to</strong> promote human rights. CHRI is based <strong>in</strong> New Delhi, India, <strong>and</strong> has offices <strong>in</strong> London, UK, <strong>and</strong> Accra, Ghana. International Advisory Commission: Sam Okudze<strong>to</strong> – Chairperson. Members: Yash Ghai, Alison Duxbury, Neville L<strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong>n, B.G. Verghese, Zohra Yusuf <strong>and</strong> Maja Daruwala. Executive Committee (India): B.G. Verghese – Chairperson. Members: B.K.Ch<strong>and</strong>rashekar, Bhagwan Das, Nit<strong>in</strong> Desai, Harivansh, Sanjoy Hazarika, Poonam Muttreja, Ruma Pal, Wajahat Habibullah, Kamal Kumar <strong>and</strong> Maja Daruwala – Direc<strong>to</strong>r. Executive Committee (Ghana): Sam Okudze<strong>to</strong> – Chairperson. Members: Anna Bossman, Neville L<strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong>n, Emile Short, B.G. Verghese, <strong>and</strong> Maja Daruwala – Direc<strong>to</strong>r. Executive Committee (UK): Neville L<strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong>n – Chairperson. L<strong>in</strong>dsay Ross – Deputy Chairperson. Members: Frances D’Souza, Aust<strong>in</strong> Davis, Meenakshi Dhar, Derek Ingram, Claire Mart<strong>in</strong>, Syed Sharfudd<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> Elizabeth Smith. * <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Journalists Association, <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Lawyers Association, <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Legal Education Association, <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Parliamentary Association, <strong>Commonwealth</strong> <strong>Pre</strong>ss Union <strong>and</strong> <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g Association. ISBN: 81-88205-89-3 © <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Human Rights Initiative, 2010. Material from this report may be used, duly acknowledg<strong>in</strong>g the source. CHRI New Delhi Office CHRI London Office CHRI Accra Office B-117, 2 nd Floor, Institute of <strong>Commonwealth</strong> Studies House No. 9 Sarvodaya Enclave, School of Advanced Study, University of London Samora Machel Street Asylum Down, New Delhi - 110017, INDIA 2nd Floor, South Block, Senate House, Opposite Beverly Hills Hotel, Tel: +91-11- 43180200 Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU Near Trust Towers, Accra, Ghana Fax: +91-11-2686-4688 Tel: +44-020-7-862-8857 Tel / Fax: +233-302971170 E-mail: <strong>in</strong>fo@humanrights<strong>in</strong>itiative.org Fax: +44-020-7-862-8820 E-mail: chriafrica@humanrights<strong>in</strong>itiative.org E-mail: chri@sas.ac.uk chri_<strong>in</strong>fo@yahoo.com.au www.humanrights<strong>in</strong>itiative.org
REPORT 2009 - 2010 <strong>Pre</strong>-<strong>trial</strong> <strong>Detention</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Access</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Justice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Orissa</strong> Author Priti Bharadwaj Edited by Pujya Pascal Design <strong>and</strong> Layout Ashwanikumar Sa<strong>in</strong>i
Change language