Changing The Defence – A Capability Development Approach - FINSE

Changing The Defence –
A Capability Development
Approach
From Serial to Parallel Paradigm
Brigadier General
Markku Ihantola
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

CONTENTS
• Some basic facts of security
– Europe, EDA
• Finland and defence solution
– Resources
– Interoperability
– Standardization
• Procurement rules
• Restructuring of FDF
• Technology council
• SE in DFD?
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

SOME BASIC FACTS
Finland, Europe, EDA, Security
and Defence
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

DEFENCE AND SECURITY
• Industrialised war (2nd Wave War – Toffler’s)
– Mass production – mass destruction
• Information age war (3rd Wave War – Toffler’s)
– Joint operations, all dimensions, chirurgical operations,
• Symmetric war
– Command structure, doctrines, manuals
• Asymmetric war
– Maximum delegation, bandits, flexible rules
• Network Centric Warfare
– Situation awareness, real-time picture, bottom-up
• Homeland Defense
– Commercial systems, civilian infrastructure, civilan security
servises
• Crises Management, Rapid Deployment Forces, Battle Groups
• Security and defence - overlap
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

RMA - REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
• RMA *- REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
– The ability to exercise military control is shifting from forces with the
best or the most individual weapons systems toward forces with
better information and create ability to quickly plan, co-ordinate and
accurately attack
*Soviet Marshall Nikolai Ogarkov, 1982: “Reconnaissance strike complex”
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

EUROPEAN DEFENCE AGENCY
COREPER 14.6.2004
• SUBJECT TO THE COUNCIL'S AUTHORITY AND OPEN TO
PARTICIPATION BY ALL MEMBER STATES, WILL AIM AT
• DEVELOPING DEFENCE CAPABILITIES IN THE FIELD OF
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
• PROMOTING AND ENHANCING EUROPEAN ARMAMENTS
CO-OPERATION
• STRENGTHENING THE EUROPEAN DEFENCE INDUSTRIAL
AND TECHNOLOGICAL BASE (DTIB) AND CREATING A
COMPETITIVE EUROPEAN DEFENCE EQUIPMENT MARKET
• PROMOTING, IN LIAISON WITH THE COMMUNITY'S
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WHERE APPROPRIATE, RESEARCH
AIMED AT LEADERSHIP IN STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR
FUTURE DEFENCE AND SECURITY CAPABILITIES, THEREBY
STRENGTHENING EUROPE'S INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL IN
THIS DOMAIN;
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Policy Unit/P.I.
Deputy Chief Ex.
Corporate Service
Directorate
R&T
Directorate
Armament
Directorate
Def. Ind.&Market
Directorate
Capability Dev
Directorate
Integrated Project Teams
AET
1
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

FINNISH DEFENCE
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November 18
2004

THE FINNISH DEFENCE FORCES
• DEFENCE EXPENDITURE - YEAR 2005
• 2.1 BEUR, 1,3% of GDP (EU AV 2%)
• 30% PROCUREMENT, 30% PERSONNEL, 30% OPERATIONS
• MILITARY PERSONNEL
• IN SERVICE 16500
• CONSCRIPTS (OVER 80% OF AGE GR) 20000
• WAR TIME, INCL TRAINED RESERVE 490000 350000 yr. 2009
• DEFENCE EQUIPMENT
• 230 BATTLE TANKS, 1245 INF FIGHTING VECHICLES, 2354 ARTILLERY
PEACES, 63 FIGHTERS, 15 BATTLESHIPS
• REQUIREMENTS
• FULL SPECTRUM OF COMPETENCES
• TERRITORIAL DEFENCE - WHOLE COUNTRY DEFENDED
• CAPABILITY TO INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
• RESERVE TRAINING
• MANDATORY REFRESHER COURSES FOR 35000 RESERVISTS/YR
• VOLUNTARY REFRESHER COURSES FOR 20000 MAN/ WOMAN/YR
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November 18
2004

WHITE PAPER AND BUDGETING
Operations +6%
Ylläpitokustannukset
kallistuminen + 6 %
inflaatio + 2 %
Armament +10%/yr
Materiaalikustannukset
tekn. kallistuminen + 8 %
inflaatio + 2 %
Budget +2%
inflaatio + 2 %
People +7%
Palkkakustannukset
kilpailukyky + 5 %
inflaatio + 2 %
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

ARMAMENTS PROCUREMENT
INTEROPERABILITY
STANDARDISATION
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November 18
2004

WHITE PAPER 6/2004 - INTEROPERABILITY
• Finland considers that the obligation to provide assistance set
out in the Constitutional Treaty will considerably reinforce the
Union’s solidarity.
• From the points of view of national defence and European crisis
management capacity, international system interoperability is a
key requirement in all defence materiel procurement projects.
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

DEFENCE PROCUREMENT - RULES
BUDGET 2003
• INTEROPERABILITY WITHIN EUROPE /NATO
• PROCUREMENT
• USING HARMONISED SPECIFICATIONS
• IN CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER EUROPEAN NATION(S)
• TESTS AND APPROVALS BY SUPPLYING NATION
• QUALITYASSURANCE AND ACCEPTANCE BY SUPPLYING
NATION
• LONGLASTING CO-OPERATION WITH SUPPLYING NATION
• CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, IN-SERVICE EXPERINCE
• FINNISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY: MAINTENANCE, UPGRADES
AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION - TO SAFEGUARD THE
AVAILABILITY
• MONEY CORRESPONDING 50% OF USED PROCUREMENT
MUST BE USED TO FINNISH INDUSTRY - INCL INDUSTRIAL
PARTICIPATION AND LIFE-CYCLE SUPPORT
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

WHITE PAPER 6/2004 - STANDARDISATION
• Compliance with international standards and common
procedures, and with European or NATO requirements and
their implementation creates interoperability, saves resources
and provides real potential for collaboration at all levels of
readiness
• The quality strategy ensures that procured materiel and systems
correspond to user requirements and that quality control
systems meet international standards.
• The introduction of European standards, procedures and
approval processes into Finland will support the
competitiveness of the domestic industry on the global
defence materiel market.
• When it comes to foreign procurements, supply security will be
ensured by:
– integrating into the European cooperation process and by
using internationally approved standards,
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

Defence Restructuring 1.1.2008
• Joint Headquarters, three operational, Army/Navy/Airforce HQs
with respective Materiel Commands
– HQs function as capability program Customers and set war
fighting capability requirements – Joint level and responsible
service level
• Programs
– Programs carry out requirements transformation from war
fighting capability to system capability requirements
• Service specific Materiel Commands (in the future only one
Defence Materiel Establishment?)
– Materiel Commands may transform system capability
requirements to RFQ system requirements and procure the
systems fulfilling these system requirements
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

What once was
• MATERIEL = CAPABILITY
– Get the materiel
– Find the people and train them to operate the materiel
– Come up with a Concept of Operation and train the troops to
fight
– Operate, see the necessity for and create infrastructure support
Materiel
Personnel
Doctrine and
Principles of
Operation
Infrastructure
Support
Capability
INTEGRATION INTEGRATION INTEGRATION INTEGRATION
• Multiple Integrations and once ready, the capability is already
obsolete
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

What Will Be
• CAPABILITY = Elements created concurrently and integrated in
parallel
• Focus on Life-Cycle Cost effective and securely supportable
capability
Materiel
Personnel
Doctrine and
Principles of Operation
Infrastructure
Support
INTEGRATION
Capability
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

Planning Span of Vision
• Previous mode of operation has been: “ Do it now for tomorrow”
IDEA PREDESIGN DESIGN BUILD-UP
• A Life-Cycle Model Adopted for capability development and
management – auditing funtion
Program-
Stage Gate
Design
Decision
Build-Up
Decision
Operative
Readiness
Dicision
De-commissioning
Decision
STRAPLA
IDEA PREDESIGN DESIGN BUILD-UP OPERATIVE DE-COMMISSION
CAPABILITY PROGRAM
• As a result planning is changing from “Here and Now” to “From
Today Until the End of Life”
RFI
RFQ
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November 18
2004

Technology Council
Industry
Customers
Armed Forces
Research
MoD
MoT&I
Compensation
Purchasing
Technology
Council
Recommendations
Situation Awareness
Nordic & Bi-Lateral
Co-operation
Critical Analysis on
International R&D
WEAG
PfP RTB
Prioritised
Areas
New
Areas
Cancellation
Accepted
Programmes
Planning on
Resources
and Activities
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

Conclusion
• In order to be able to accomplish all this we are carrying out
work eg. in the following areas:
• Policy setting, Capability structure and life-cycle (re)definition &
production process re-engineering
• Development Programme and Capability Programme progress
maturity auditing and consulting
• Joint programmes – security of supply
• Development Programme and Capability Programme progress
MIS & situational awareness picture systems (including
logistics)
• Revision of internal capability program standard operating
procedures and instructions (three tiers Policy - Process -
Methods & Tools)
• Quality through lifecycle – AQAP 2000
• Capability program MBA and other training
• Implementation of Program Lessons Learned and Continuous
Improvement processes
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004

WHERE IS THE SE?
• Programme planning
• Capability approach
• Requirements –
– Defence solution level – service level
– Requirements management
– Transforamtion the user needs into functional and tech reqs
• IPTs
• Lifecycle approach
– Configuration management
– Security of Supply
– User Clubs
• Integrated system approach to quality through the life cycle
– AQAP 2000 based on ISO 9000
– Risk based tasking
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November 18
2004

TERRITORIAL DEFENCE
TECNOLOGY AND AQUISITION SUPPORT DIVISION - AT YOUR SERVICE
November 18
2004