ACT Apr-Jun10.p65 - Petroleum Conservation Research Association

Active
Conservation
Techniques
Government of India
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Apr – Jun 2010
PETROLEUM CONSERVATION RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
inside
■
Seminar on “Indigenous
Development of Roller Head
Jigger for Tableware Industries
of Khurja”
■
■
Revival Story of an ailing State
Transport Unit Through PCRA’s
Driver Training Programme
Improving Reliability of pot
furnaces in Firozabad
SAVE FUEL yaani SAVE MONEY

Quarterly Journal
Apr – Jun 2010
CONTENTS
4–5 Editorial
Together We Can Achieve!
6–19 In focus
6–8 First Prize Winner of National Level Essay
Competition OGCF’ 2010
8 Economics of Energy Efficiency
9 Car Free Day Spreads Message to Conserve
Fuel
10 Seminar on “Indigenous Development of
Roller Head Jigger for Tableware Industries
of Khurja”
11–12 Revival Story of an ailing State Transport Unit
Through PCRA’s Driver Training Programme
13 Appreciation letter from North Bengal State
Transport Corporation (NBSTC)
14–16 Investment Grade Energy Audit at Greater
Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation
16 Energy audit in coal mines of Central
Coalfields Ltd – A Perspective
17–19 Improving Reliability of pot furnaces in
Firozabad
20 Post Graduate Teachers visit Conservation
Technology Centre at PCRA
21 Websites and Events
22 In the news
First prize winner of National Level Essay Competition
OGCF’ 2010, Shruti Anantharaman, being felicitated
Editorial Team
Editor
: Arun Kumar
Associate Editors : S.P. Goel
A.K. Goel
G.K. Medhi
Content Coordinator : Ashirbad S. Raha, WII
Design and Layout : Jaison Jose, WII
Produced by
Winrock International India (WII)
788, Udyog Vihar, Phase V
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Tel: 0124-4303868 Fax: 0124-4303862
Website: www.winrockindia.org E-mail: wii@winrockindia.org
On behalf of
Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA)
Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10 Bhikaji Cama Place
New Delhi – 110066
Tel: 011-26198856
Fax: 011-26109668
Website: www.pcra.org
All communication should be addressed to:
The Associate Editor
Active Conservation Techniques Journal
Petroleum Conservation Research Association
Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10 Bhikaji Cama Place
New Delhi – 110066
Tel: 011-26198856
Fax: 011-26109668
The views expressed in the journal are those of the individual
contributors and not necessarily of PCRA. The main aim of the journal
is to disseminate information of the latest trends, developments, and
R&D efforts initiated, identify opportunities, and explore national and
international advancements in the field of energy conservation and
environment protection.
3
active conservation techniques

Together We Can Achieve!
Efficient energy management involves creating systems and
practices to maintain balance between supply and consumption
on a sustained basis. To sustain the economic growth rate of 8 to
9%, India’s energy needs are projected to grow at a rate of 3.0 –
3.5% per annum over the next few years. This implies many-fold
increase in India’s energy requirement over the next 25 years. In
such a scenario, conservation of energy becomes imperative.
4
Energy is the most vital input for the socioeconomic
development of a nation. India’s energy
consumption is growing at a high rate to meet the
needs of growing population and increasing
economic growth and development. India ranks as
the World’s Seventh largest energy producer and
the fifth largest energy consumer. The hydrocarbon
sector plays a pivotal role in India’s energy sector
with a 45% share in the commercial energy basket.
Predictions are that fossil fuels would
remain the dominant source of energy in the near
future.
As a result of very steep increase in crude oil prices
in the recent past, the impact felt across the world
has been severe. Our domestic crude production
is unable to keep pace with high growth in demand
of oil and gas resulting in heavy dependence (to
active conservation techniques
the extent of 80%) on imports. There is, therefore
imperative need for efficient utilization of existing
energy resources. Hence, a very high priority has
been given by the Government for conservation of
petroleum products so as to reduce ever-increasing
gap between demand and indigenous supply and
also to contain the pollution.
We have been striving for the past few decades to
fulfill our energy requirements. India, with 17% of
the world population and just less than 1% of the
world’s known oil and natural gas reserves is going
to face serious energy challenges in the coming
decades. There is a challenge to meet the energy
requirements of all segments of population in an
efficient, reliable and affordable manner while being
sensitive to the concern for environmental
protection.

Efficient energy management involves creating
systems and practices to maintain balance between
supply and consumption on a sustained basis. To
sustain the economic growth rate of 8 to 9%, India’s
energy needs are projected to grow at a rate of
3.0 – 3.5% per annum over the next few years.
This implies many-fold increase in India’s energy
requirement over the next 25 years. The exercise
becomes challenging when it comes to managing
scarce resources.
But PCRA alone can achieve little. It needs
cooperation from every quarter. We need to
develop habits that promote energy conservation.
Simple things such as switching off excess lighting
load, using fuel effectively in our factories, prudent
use of petrol, paying a little extra initial cost for
energy saving equipment, etc can go a long way in
achieving desired objective.
In such a scenario, conservation of energy becomes
imperative. Petroleum Conservation Research
Association (PCRA) under MOP&NG, Government
of India has been constantly endeavoring in
promoting efficient use of petroleum products
through various field activities like energy
audits, driver training programmes, technical
workshops, seminars and specially by involving
youth in various activities.
Arun Kumar
Secretary, OIDB & Executive Director, PCRA
There is a need for building the base for conserving
energy by involving the people in general and the
industries in particular for bringing in the desired
behavioral and attitudinal change to make
conservation a habit amongst the masses. PCRA
has undertaken a number of steps by actively
involving itself through energy audits, organizing
seminars, workshops, technical meets and mass
awareness campaign.
active conservation techniques
5

MAKING OIL CONSERVATION A WAY OF LIFE
6
As they say, a drop of oil conserved is a
drop of oil produced. Infact oil is like time,
once gone will never come back. These
facts clearly highlight the importance of
conserving oil. Firstly, oil is so precious that
we cannot tend to waste the natural
resource and moreover with the increasing
number of vehicles plying on the road
everyday, it is sure to become a scarce
commodity very soon.
Secondly, it increases the value of our
import bill. As we depend on the Gulf
region for oil due to the increasing demand,
their prices too rise making us indebted to
them. Thirdly, it also leads to many hazards
like creating air pollution wherein pollutants
like carbon monooxide, carbon dioxide,
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are in
the atmosphere creating several hazards to
humans.
According to a study conducted by centre
for Ecological Sciences (CES) at Indian
Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore on
emission from India’s transport sector,
Chennai accounts for 13.5% of the total
CO 2
emissions and leads the four metros
in this respect. Oil and gas conservation
therefore indicates more efficient use with
regard to economic, social or environmental
costs and benefits resulting in attainment
of higher energy use, efficiencies,
minimization of wasteful practices and
wastage and protection of environment.
active conservation techniques
Whenever you save energy, you not only
save money, you also reduce the demand
for such fossil fuels such as coal, oil and
natural gas. Less burning of fossil fuels also
means lower emissions of carbon dioxide
(CO 2
), the primary contributor to global
warming and other pollutants.
Campaigns designed for each target group
are carried out during fortnight. Major
target groups are transport, domestic,
industrial and agriculture. Apart from
special drives for these sectors, mass
awareness programmes are also organized.
Ever increasing dependence on fossil fuels
and resulting environments damages has
reached alarming levels. India imports more
than 71 percent of its crude oil. The oil
import bill for 2008-09 stood at US$ 93.2
billion, an increase of more than 17 percent
over previous year. This unprecedented
increase and the over – dependence on
other countries for the country’s energy
needs make conservation efforts important
for sustaining the economy.
A growing number of scientific researchers
and political leaders have urged prompt
conservation of fossil fuels by investing
immediately in energy-efficient vehicles,
machinery, and structures and by gradually
shifting to alternative sources of energy.
According to them, the basic three reasons
for investing now in fossil fuel conservation
are technological lock-in, institutional
inertia and oil wars. They have stated that
the fossil fuels bonanza will end sooner
rather than later is beyond doubt. The only
reasonable strategy is conservation. The
reason most commonly given in support of
fossil fuel conservation is the need to
prevent future global climate change.
Energy today has become a key factor in
deciding the product cost at micro level as
well as in dictating the inflation and the debt
burden at the macro level. The imperatives
of an energy shortage situation thus call
for energy conservation measure, which
essentially mean using less energy for the
same level of activity.
One such example is Flex-fuel vehicles,
which are cars that run on both gas and
ethanol. It costs very little to turn a regular
car into a flex-fuel vehicle, and there are
about five million of them on the road in
the United States today. Made by all the
major carmakers, flex-fuel vehicles definitely
use less gas, but the best of both worlds is
the hybrid flex-fuel car. Ford, for example,
is making one now.
Another innovator from Pune (India) has
conveyed his idea of coming out with a sky
roller, which is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
unmanned craft that converts pollutants like
CO, C0 2
, SO 2
and NO into the fuel that it
uses to power its flight around the earth.
Its function is to monitor and map the

maximum emission areas and identify the
biggest defaulters in terms of air pollution
and suck in that very pollution and convert
it into fuel to sustain its flight. This means
that, until the sky roller patrols the
atmosphere, pollutants will be kept under
hazardous levels and the day it runs out
of fuel, the earth will have been rid of its
pollution. Even, we, human beings
should strive to resolve this issue. Stop
using vehicles for a shout distance. A
stroll on the road in one way, is good for
our health. Like in ancient days we should
not be more dependent on oil driven vehicles.
Afterall, a drop of oil saved today is a saving
for the future generation. Only if we save oil
today, the benefit can reach the generation
of tomorrow. Various steps are being taken
to promote conservation of petroleum
products in several areas.
Effective and result oriented conservation
methods adopted by the upstream
undertakings in the oil sectors include
reduction of gas flowing by re-injection of
gas to underground reservoir, installation
of waste heat recovery system, utilization
of non- conventional energy sources and
close monitoring of all conservation efforts.
Saving or conserving what we don’t need
to use is one of the way. Several ways and
measures can be found out for the alternate
source of energy. For example, Japan has
started selling biofuels made from rice
which is expected to help the country reduce
its dependence on imported gasoline and
make better use of deserted farmland.
Ethanol is also an alcohol-based fuel made
from turning starch crops (like corn, barley
and wheat) into simple sugars. When
combined with regular gasoline, it’s called
E85, which means 85 percent ethanol and
15 percent gasoline. Already widely used
in Sweden and Brazil, ethanol can help
reduce your car’s greenhouse gas
emissions, and nearly all 50 US states have
pump stations that now offer this type of
alternative fuel.
According to experts another potential area
is to tap solar power to harness hydrogen.
State’s immense solar energy potential is
ideal for harnessing hydrogen energy which
is considered by many as the ultimate
solution to energy and environmental
problems.Hydrogen is considered an ideal
energy carrier in the foreseeable future. It
can be produced from water using a variety
of energy sources, such as solar, nuclear
and fossils and it can be converted into
useful energy forms efficiently and without
detrimental environmental effects.
Hydrogen can be used in any application
in which fossil fuels are used. It can be used
as a fuel in furnaces, internal combustion
engines, turbines and jet engines, even
more efficiently than fossil fuels, that is,
coal, petroleum and natural gas. Moreover,
India has the know-how to create hydrogen
energy as many universities, including IITs,
Vanaras Hindu University and RMK
Engineering College are conducting
research on this.
There are other interesting developments
also happening as in use of bubble
technology to boost car’s fuel efficiency.
Engineers at automotive research
consultants Mira in Nuneaton, UK are
developing a system that uses soap bubbles
filled with helium to improve the fuel
efficiency of future cars. The 3 millimeter
bubbles swirl around cars in a wind tunnel,
and the engineers use 12 cameras to track
the bubbles, thus capturing air flows in
unprecedented detail.
The helium in the bubbles gives them
natural buoyancy, left to their own devices
they will neither raise nor fall in the air, so
any up or down movement can be
attributed to airflow around the car. There
aren’t any tools in use today that can give
such insight into what’s going on in the
fluid around a vehicle.
Consumers are beginning to consider fuel
economy and carbon emissions when
choosing a new car, and thus aerodynamics
have become much more important to car
manufacturers.
Cutting a vehicle’s air resistance is a usually
cheaper way of improving those stats than
reworking an engine or drive train. The
bubble technique has long been used to
see how air moves around a structure, but
the new camera system gives extra insight
by capturing the precise movement of
individual bubbles in 3D for later analysis
and exploration. The bubble tracking
approach captures the speed as well as the
direction of air flow, which makes it more
useful than existing tracking techniques such
as injecting smoke trails around the car.
Conclusion
Thus to make oil conservation, a way of
life, the conservation has to start on roads.
The first rule of fuel conservation would
be to travel judiciously and curtail waste
fuel while driving. Apart from that
increased car-pooling habit to work will
not only conserve fuel but will also
improve social relations with your
colleagues. Moreover following traffic
signals will help avoid traffic jams and
reduce lower gear driving and idling and
as a result of all these fuel would be saved.
So basically the message is - Don’t make
your child ask, “What was Oil?” So start
conserving today.
Essay by: Shruti Anantharaman
Student, Class – X
Vivekananda Vidyalaya HR. Sec. School,
Chennai
7
active conservation techniques

I N F O R M A T I O N C A P S U L E
Economics of Energy Efficiency
There are enormous economic benefits
that can be gained by increasing our
nation’s energy efficiency. Therefore,
investing in efficiency measures is the
most immediate and effective way to lower
energy demand, reduce carbon emissions,
and save households and businesses’
money. According to some experts, the
potential for savings throughout all
sectors of the Indian economy is
estimated to be of the order of
90 million tonnes oil equivalent.
Specialists also claim that the current
energy policy does not take full advantage
of savings offered by promoting energy
efficiency in transportation, buildings, and
industrial sectors which can actually make
a significantly large contribution toward
stabilizing energy prices, therfore
strengthening the robustness of the Indian
economy. It’s for all these reasons that
efficiency should be viewed as a hidden
energy reserve as well as an economic
opportunity.
From an economic perspective, energy
efficiency choices fundamentally involve
investment decisions that trade off higher
initial capital costs and uncertain lower
future energy operating costs. In the
simplest case, the initial cost is the
difference between the purchase and
installation cost of a relatively energyefficient
product and the cost of an
otherwise equivalent product that provides
the same services but uses more energy.
As far as doing away with less efficient
equipments is concerned, the cost is much
higher and therefore the decision of
whether to make the energy-efficient
investment requires weighing the initial
capital cost against the expected future
savings. Assessing the future savings
requires forming expectations of future
energy prices, changes in other operating
costs related to the energy use (e.g.,
pollution charges, carbon credits, PF
penalty, contract load reduction rebate
etc), intensity of use of the product, and
equipment lifetime. And finally deduction
of the future cash flows to initial
investment cost reveals the viability of the
investment.
As described above, the relative price will
finally depend on the capital cost of
efficiency improvements, the discount
rate, expected energy prices, equipment
utilization, and decision time horizon.
This framework applies at the household
level as well as at a broad sectoral or multisectoral
level where energy and capital
are used to produce energy.
Courtesy: VK Srivastava, Additional Director,
PCRA
8
active conservation techniques

The residents of Carter Road at
Bandra (West) in Mumbai had a
glimpse of the perfect harmony
of mankind with the nature recently. With
no vehicles on the road, no traffic jams,
No honking, for a day it was like the
resurgence of what was prevalent during
the days of pre-industrial era.
The unique occasion was the daylong
celebration of Car Free Day (CFD) at Carter
road, Bandra (West), Mumbai, organized
by KBS Foundation with support of PCRA
and several other organizations. The
observance of CFD was intended to
generate public awareness on urgency of
conservation of fuel and spur the civic
societies in other parts of the country to
create movement for observing fuel free days.
The entire 2.5 km long stretch of Carter
road with the fascinating ambience of
Arabian Sea coast, had attracted people of
all hues. From tiny tots to artists, from
athletes to musicians, it was a day abuzz
with multitude of fun filled activities viz.,
cycle rally, skating rally, dance
performances, musical concerts, all
pointing towards the common mission of
making the city pollution free through
rationale use of fuel.
Ms Priya Dutt, the young parliamentarian
from Mumbai, emphasized the urgency for
infrastructure to promote public transport.
She stated that the development of Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT) System with dedicated
bus lanes in the road centre and dedicated
cycle lanes in urban areas would not only
avoid traffic jams, but also help the
prevention of air pollution & conservation
of diesel & petrol. The conspicuously
displayed PCRA banners & posters along
the entire Cater road and the amphitheatre
stage had drawn attention of a large number
of people. Ms. Dutt was highly appreciative
of the programs of PCRA to educate the
society on conservation of petroleum fuels.
Shri Baba Siddiqui, MLA from Bandra
constituency visited PCRA stall and evinced
keen interest in PCRA’s activities. He opined
Bollywood actor Salman Khan participating
in the cycle rally
that natural resources including petroleum
fuels need to be efficiently utilized so as to
ensure sustainability of living beings on the
earth. The entire team of PCRA, Western
Region, Mumbai led by CRC, attended the
day long CFD celebrations.
The presence of actor Salman Khan, leading
the cycle rally lent impetus to
the noblest cause of fuel conservation.
The iconic star made clarion call to
conserve fuel for protection of environment
and keeping the planet livable for future
generations.
Courtesy: PCRA, Western Region, Mumbai
active conservation techniques
9

10
Khurja (wasteland in local
language), in Uttar Pradesh
is home to the largest
ceramic cluster in India and is known as
the ceramic city. With the progress of
civilization, the ceramic industries at Khurja
have grown significantly and now they not
just fulfill the domestic requirement but are
also contributing towards resource and job
generation and earnings on export for the
growth of the nation.
At present nearly 200 units are engaged
for manufacturing crockery wares by
conventional process using old technology.
The lack of quality control knowledge
among the manufacturing unit is a major
obstacle which often results into product
rejection. The fuel consumption levels are
also high in these units.
In order to develop a technology upgradation
for the cluster, PCRA sponsored
a project titled “Indigenous Development
of Roller Head Jigger for Tableware
Industries of Khurja” to Central Glass &
Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI),
Khurja. As a part of the activities under the
project, an awareness seminar was
organized at CGCRI, Khurja Centre in
April 2010.
In the welcome address, Dr. LK Sharma,
Scientist-in-Charge of CGCRI, Khurja
elaborated the benefits of the research work
carried out by PCRA & CGCRI, to ensure
energy savings in the clusters. Dr. Sharma
also briefed the benefits and savings of
active conservation techniques
energy with the use of indigenous
development of roller head jigger in
comparison to conventional jigger jolly.
Mr. Sudesh Sharma, ex-President of Khurja
Pottery Manufacturers Association
expressed his views on use of indigenous
development of roller head jigger for table
ware industries in Khurja and further
appreciated the shaping of hollow and flat
wares with saving of energy to be a great
achievement for the Khurja Pottery
Industries. He requested PCRA to help
more entrepreneurs of Khurja by providing
this type of project.
Mr Ajit Kumar, Joint Director (R&D), PCRA,
highlighted about different projects being
carried out for energy saving in pottery
cluster of Khurja. Putting a stress on the
fact that energy conservation is the first
need of changing era, Mr Kumar also
emphasized on different options for energy
saving and requested entrepreneurs of
pottery industries to join CDM for more
benefits.
Welcome address
by Dr. LK Sharma,
Scientist-In-Charge,
CGCRI Khurja
Centre
Demonstration of Roller Head Jigger
Machine at CGCRI, Khurja
Mr Kapil Mathur, Additional Director,
PCRA, New Delhi graced the seminar as
chief guest. In his inaugural speech, he put
focus on the need of energy saving in India
and also explained about CDM projects. A
detailed presentation was also made by Mr.
Onkar Nath & Mr. Kundan Burnawal, GTZ,
who discussed in details about CDM and
its benefit for pottery industries of Khurja.
About 108 entrepreneurs of pottery
industries Khurja, Science & Technology
personnel attended the seminar.

Transportation in India is a large
and varied sector of the
economy. The public
transportation in India is provided by state
road transport corporation within each
state, and union territories of India. Public
state road transport corporation bus
services are also offered in cities where
there are no local municipal road transport
authorities. APSRTC, KSRTC, GSRTC,
JKSRTC, Kerala SRTC, MSRTC, OSRTC,
DTC and other state road transport
corporations offer intercity and inter-state
bus services, at a very affordable rate with
reliable service to passengers.
North Bengal State Transport Corporation
(NBSTC) is one of the oldest state road
transport organizations in India that started
functioning in April 1945 with the purpose
of meeting the transport requirements of
the region. The area of operation of the
Corporation, which was initially limited
within the State of Coochbihar and the
neighboring district of Jalpaiguri, was
gradually expanded and now covers all the
districts of the State of West Bengal. In
addition it also operates some inter-state
services with neighboring states of Assam,
Bihar, Jharkhand and Sikkim. The
Corporation completed its golden jubilee
year in 1995. As recognition of its
contribution to the socio-economic
development of the society especially in
rural areas, the corporation was honored
with “National Productivity Award” in
1993-94.
Seen in the pictures are guests attending a programme organised to recognize the efforts
of the achievers at Siliguri
Figure: North Bengal State Transport Corporation comparison of KMPL
before and after driver’s training program of PCRA
11
active conservation techniques

12
Fuel Saved in Litres
Figure: North Bengal State Transport Corporation month wise savings
of fuel in litres with the help of PCRA driver’s training program in NBSTC
active conservation techniques
Media coverage of
the revival story
North Bengal State Transport Corporation
is a public utility service and its sole aim is
to operate efficient transport system to
cater to the needs of the travelers both in
rural and urban areas. Various categories
of Standard, Semi-deluxe, Deluxe, Rocket
and A/C coach buses with attractive
amenities are being operated on those
routes at the cost of the least possible fares
fixed by the Government.
The corporation however had been
incurring an annual loss of close to crore
rupees in recent times and managed to stay
afloat just because of the monthly subsidy
that it was receiving from the government.
Saddled with extra manpower, the payment
of employees’ salaries became irregular.
The superannuation benefits too, could not
be given on time.
However the sinking boat of the
corporation was rescued by PCRA’s
trademark Driver Training Program, which
is one of the most effective and important
tools to improve KMPL. The main objective
of the driver training program is to train
the drivers and mechanics on good driving
habits and maintenance practices in order
to develop a cadre of good drivers and thus
to promote a cadre of good drivers thereby
automatically promoting fuel efficiency in
the transport sector. Through this specially
designed Driver Training Program (DTP)
for the sector, drivers from STUs, Army,
BSF, Oil companies and private transporters
were imparted training to improve their
driving skills which lead to substantial
amount of fuel saving.
PCRA Eastern Region (ER) joined hands
with NBSTC management, to create a saga
of revival, through Drivers Training Program
for all the 21 depots, spread all over West
Bengal. All the crew members employed
in NBSTC were exposed to the PCRA’s
Signature Driver Training Program during

last two years. The “save fuel, raise sale”
campaign through PCRA ER has now
started paying dividends. The employees
have now realized that the corporation is
trying to break out of the loss-making
mould and they appreciate efforts of
management and PCRA ER.
After the training program, the average
KMPL of NBSTC has jumped from 3.85
(Jan 08) to 4.24 (Oct 09). The Alipurduar
depot has improved their MPL from 4.12
(Jan 09) to astounding 4.81 (Mar 10). The
benefits incurred from the program has
helped the loss-making North Bengal State
Transport Corporation (NBSTC) in saving
Rs 9.1 lakh litres of diesel amounting
Rs 3.50 crores of fuel in the past 14 months
(between Feb 09 to Mar 10). The figures
clearly indicate how an ailing state transport
unit got a new life through the PCRA’s
Driver Training Programme.
as a result of all these, PCRA’s drivers
training program has become one of
the main support systems in NBSTC’s
revival path.
To ensure right degree of awareness
generation, the program was supplemented
by regular transport workshops at their
depots. PCRA ER encouraged the achievers
through recognition programs at depot
level and for the same a grand program
was also organised to recognize the efforts
of the achievers at Siliguri. The program
being successful also attracted a lot of
media attention and recognition from
NBSTC.
Appreciation letter from North Bengal
State Transport Corporation (NBSTC)
Not only savings in terms of KMPL, the
Drivers Training Programme has also
improved the spirit of NBSTC employees
and management. The Programme has
managed to improve the morale of the
depressed crew as well staff members
through a competitive atmosphere to
achieve higher KMPL as well earning per
km. As a result of the rewarding
competition, the work culture has got a new
life and a positive atmosphere has been
created in the organization.
Putting its savings campaign through
PCRA’s energy conservation workshops,
NBSTC has also launched a full-fledged
austerity drive, cutting electricity costs by
around Rs 3,000 each month.
Incandescent bulbs have been replaced
by energy saving tube lights in most of
the places. The transport utility, where
the power bills ran up around Rs 9,000
each month, has brought it bills down
to Rs 6,000 in the past few months. And
13
active conservation techniques

14
PCRA recently conducted
Investment Grade Energy
Audit (IGEA) at Greater
Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation
(GVMC) under Municipal Demand Side
Management (MuDSM) program of Bureau
of Energy Efficiency. The study was
conducted in four segments that included
water supply and treatment, sewage
pumping and treatment, street lighting and
municipal buildings. The study covered
more than 35 pumping stations, six water
treatment plants, two sewage pumping
stations, one sewage treatment plant,
60,000 lights and 20 municipal buildings.
The daunting task of collecting historical
data for all the four segments, compiling
and analyzing the data, integrating it with
the present readings recorded was carried
out efficiently by PCRA.
It was found out that the average annual
total power consumption of the urban local
body (ULB) is around 326 lakh kWh of
which 26% of the total consumption is for
water supply and treatment, 8% for sewage
pumping and treatment, 63% for street
lighting and 3% for municipal buildings.
Below is a sectoral analysis carried out by
the auditors who identified the gaps and
suggested recommendations to increase
the energy efficiency at Greater
Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation.
Water Supply and
Treatment
There are seven sources (called schemes)
of water supply to Greater Visakhapatnam
Municipal Corporation (GVMC) and the
GVMC main building
total water requirement of GVMC is around
256 MLD with per capita water
consumption of 150.44 liters / day with
specific energy consumption of 20.56 kWh/
KL. The major observations that came up
while studying the water supply and
treatment of the city pointed out that:
● Most of the pipelines observed were
very old and heavy leakages were noticed.
● Large numbers of pumps are more than
15 years old and are operated at lower
efficiencies.
● Reverse pumping to Seethammadhara
area could be avoided by slight
modification in the pipelines of Godavari
and Raiwada schemes.
● Capacitor banks were found to be
connected to the main of the incoming
supply and not at the load end and thus
these banks were never turned off even
when the pumps have been switched off;
there by resulting into wasteful
consumption of energy.
● Most of the motors used are very old
and were rewound several times, there
by reducing their efficiency considerably.
Recommendations
● It was suggested to interlink two
schemes (Godavari and Raiwada) of
pipeline at 4,000 KL and 1,500 KL
reservoirs (used for treated water
storage) which are located adjacent to
each other so that water scarcity in one
scheme can be balanced by the other
at this level and reverse pumping can
be avoided.
● It was recommended to connect the
capacitor banks to the load ends for
better current carrying capacity in cables
and also to reduce wastage of power.
● Replacement of old energy inefficient
pumps with new energy efficient pumps
having closest possible mapping of
pump curve to system curve was
active conservation techniques

advised along with replacement of old
energy inefficient motors with new
energy intensive motors.
Sewage Pumping and
Treatment
Currently, only one sewage treatment plant
(STP) of 25 MLD is in operation for the
ULB and Visakhapatnam being on the east
coast, presently either the treated or
untreated sewage is being let out to sea.
The major observations indentified while
reviewing sewage pumping and
treatment are mentioned in the following
section.
Observations
● Most of the pumps used are very old
with very low level of efficiency and so
there was a requirement of replacement
of old energy inefficient pumps with new
ones. Similarly, energy inefficient motors
need to be replaced with energy
intensive motors.
● Surface agitator type aerators were being
used with large capacity of motors.
● Maintenance cost for rewinding of
motors was very high, as the STP is
located on the beaches of Bay of Bengal
where high moisture levels prevail in
atmosphere.
● The treated sewage was being let out
to sea
Recommendations
● Considering the surface aeration with
compressed air for improving the
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of
the treated sewage was recommended
which would also reduce large size
motors being used for agitating the
sewage water. It would in turn also
reduce the maintenance cost for motors.
● It was also advised to reuse the water
with less than 100 BOD for greenery
instead of letting the same to sea, there
by reducing the usage of sweet water.
The specific energy consumption of
sweet water is more than the energy
consumption for pumping water to tank
trucks.
Street Lighting
There are about 60,000 street lights with
2,628 switching points in 72 wards of ULB.
74% of light fixtures are Fluorescent tube
light (FTL), 14% are 150W High Pressure
Sodium Vapour (HPSV), 7% are 70W SVLs,
3% are 250W High-Pressure Mercury-
Vapor (HPMV) and 2% of them are 250W
& 400 W HPSVs. Street lighting is spread
over 533 sq km of the ULB. The major
observations in this case included:
Observations
● All the cutout controls were without any
protection and were dangerously
installed. In many stretches, even the
spacing between the poles is not
maintained
● Energy meters were not properly
protected / installed.
● Due to multiple fixtures at few junctions
and stretches, zebra effect was observed
and in many areas dark patches were
also observed.
● The overall power factor observed was
very low and it ranged from 0.38 to
0.89.
Recommendations
● It was recommended to replace existing
40W florescent tube with high efficiency
lumen output FTL.
● Providing new control panels with
voltage optimizers, PF compensation
and automatic switching to save energy
was advised.
● It was also suggested to provide
microprocessor controlled automatic
street lighting control including dimming
facility at midnight to early hours and
install automatic timer / photocell unit
for saving energy in lighting system.
● It was also recommended to replace:
i. Existing probe start 250W metal
halide with new 200W energy
efficient pulse start metal halide
including energy efficient control
gear.
ii. Existing probe start 400W MH
lamps with new 320W pulse start
MH lamp including energy efficient
control gear.
iii. Existing electromagnetic control gear
with energy efficient electronic
control gear.
iv. Existing electromagnetic choke with
energy efficient electronic choke for
FTLs.
v. 70W HPSVs with 2x24W T5 FTLs
or LED lighting
Buildings
There are about 516 municipal buildings
including offices, dispensaries, schools,
stadiums, community halls, sulabh
complexes etc. Out of these buildings, 20
buildings were hand picked and audited
through each category of building. The
major observations were:
● Lighting in GVMC Buildings is provided
with incandescent bulbs, FTLs and
CFLs. At the museum, 12V 50W
halogen spot lighting were provided for
the exhibits.
● Standard energy inefficient ceiling fans
and exhaust fans were used in almost
all the buildings.
● Most of the split ACs installed were non
star rated.
Recommendations
● The existing halogen spot light at the
museum was proposed to be replaced
with 12V 35W Infra Red Coated (IRC)
energy efficient spot lights with 500
burning hours, existing incandescent
15
active conservation techniques

ulbs with CFLs and standard 40W FTLs
be replaced with 36W high lumen FTLs.
● The existing ballast was recommended
to be replaced with low loss electronic
ballast with less than 10% THD.
● It was suggested to replace standard
energy intensive ceiling fans with star
rated energy efficient ceiling fans.
Table 1: Average of energy savings measures
Description
Annual Savings
(kWh)
Rs.
(in Lacs)
● Responsive automation system was
proposed for Swarnabharati Indoor
stadium for energy efficient operation
and saving.
● And it was strongly suggested to arrest
the air leakages at the entrances and
exits to the indoor stadium by providing
air curtains.
Investment
(Rs. in Lacs)
Simple Payback
Period Months
Pumping 2,514,337 124 170 16
Sewage 21,900 1.03 - Immediate
Building 460,937 31 64 25
Street lighting 8,791,574 353 1,204 41
It is expected that with the implementation
of recommendations, approximately
10,000 CERs can be generated apart from
the huge energy savings.
Summary of Energy
Conservation Measures
The sum up of all the ECMs recommended
for the four segments are summarized and
tabulated (Table 1). The average kWh
savings, investments and payback periods
are also shown in the table.
Courtesy: CRC/RC/SRO/Vizag, PCRA
Energy audit in coal mines of Central
Coalfields Ltd – A Perspective
The overall energy bill of Central Coal
Fields, a subsidiary of Coal India Ltd is to
the tune of Rs 400 crores, of which
approximately 50% of energy is consumed
in each on procurement of power and
petroleum products. The consumption
pattern of energy is very much activity
oriented. Open Cast Project calls for high
consumption of Petroleum Oil Lubricant
(POL) vis-à-vis underground projects
which consumes lion share of electricity
in operating pumps and fans.
Broadly energy audit in any coal mines
comprises of auditing of opencast and
underground mines in addition to coal
washeries and townships. HEMM (Heavy
Earth Moving Machinery) is the thrust
area in POL consumption and idling hour
minimization is the key to POL
conservation in mines. Equipment wise
study of specific energy consumption of
all POL and measures to do condition
monitoring does help the organization in
plugging wasteful expenses.
Electrical energy audit therefore helps in
understanding power supply and
distribution, power factor optimization, load
management and performance evaluation of
all electrically operated equipments.
PCRA has inherent strength of making the
energy audit impactful due to one to one
interaction with personnel from grassroot
level to the top management and by
converting intangibles to tangible
components.
It is endeavored to highlight at all level,
that the cost implication of each operation
like dumper operation for an hour means
diesel consumption of 30ltrs(approx.)
depicting erosion of Rs 1200, if taken care
of can change the very attitude of the people
and the the organization’s overall business.
PCRA made breakthrough in energy audit
in central coalfields- kathara areacoalmining
sector
PCRA believes in customization of
activities and modules suiting to
customers requirement be it energy audit
or through subsequent training programs.
Keeping customers abreast with the bench
mark is the key to PCRA energy auditing.
The past experiences reveal that the
energy audit yields 10-15% reduction in
energy consumption and even 1% savings
in coal mines translates into savings of Rs
4 crores.
Courtesy: SK Sinha, SRO, PCRA, Ranchi
Email: sinhask@pcra.org
16
active conservation techniques

Firozabad, the glass capital of
India, is a small town in the state
of Uttar Pradesh that accounts
for roughly 70% of the total glass
production in the small-scale sector. The
molten glass, which is required for
manufacturing bangles and other principal
glass products, is melted in a pot furnace
(a circular dome shaped furnace with 8 –
12 pots lined at the periphery that holds
molten glass which operates at a
temperature of around 1,400 0 C). These
pots used for holding the molten glass are
made of a ceramic mixture and are
manufactured locally by various pot makers.
As regular operation characteristic of pot
furnace operation, the pots break inside the
furnace after several days of use.
The number of days of useful pot life inside
the furnace is dependent on several factors
including the colour of glass being
processed inside the pot. For instance, the
red colour glass due to its inherent chemical
properties has most corrosive effect on the
pot surface and subsequently on the pot
life. Therefore, replacement of damaged
pot results in huge energy and monetary
wastage. It’s not just the energy that is lost
as a part of the furnace operating at a high
temperature but also the damage to the
pot inside the furnace results in huge loss
of production since the glass drained out
of the broken pot is wasted. Another
important aspect of the prevailing situation
is that replacement of pots in the pot
furnace is undertaken in extremely difficult
conditions since the operators have to
replace the pot in running furnace and are
thus exposed to extremely high temperature
conditions during the pot changing process.
On the other side, the pot makers are a
marginalized community completely
dependent on pot making as the sole
occupation. The unreliability of pot’s life
in the pot furnace further adds to the gravity
of the situation as in many cases of short
pot life, the pot maker has to bear the
monetary loss of pot breakage.
There had been a long felt need in the
cluster for an intervention which could
facilitate in enhancing the life and reliability
of the pots being used. To address the long
standing issue of unreliable and short pot
life inside the pot furnace and to address
the ever increasing livelihood challenge in
front of pot making community in
Firozabad, Winrock International India
(WII), New Delhi with support from Small
Grants Program of UNDP/GEF, undertook
the challenging project titled “Technosocial
intervention for improving the
reliability of pots in glass melting furnaces;
Potential of huge energy savings, GHG
reduction and sustainability of livelihoods.”
Since the pot makers are a marginalized
link in the overall glass manufacturing chain
and pot making is the sole livelihood source
for the community, therefore, it was
imperative that any intervention leading to
introduction of any sophisticated and capital
intensive technology would lead to
elimination of an entire community from
the glass processing map of Firozabad.
Hence, WII undertook a techno-social
intervention in the Firozabad glass cluster
with following specific objectives:
● Improving the reliability and life of pots
in glass melting furnace
● Sustaining of livelihood of pot makers
community by developing an indigenous
improved pot making process
● Improvement in production output and
specific energy consumption of the glass
melting units by reduction in breakdown
due to pot failure
● Reduction in GHG emissions due to
reduced specific energy consumption
in pot furnace and increase in specific
output by reduction in waste of
glass melt.
Important project
activities
The major project activities that were
undertaken towards achievement of project
objectives include:
● Enlisting of pot makers ers and
conducting socio economic survey at
community level: A survey exercise was
designed and implemented to reach out to
individual pot makers and discuss the
problems and issues faced by them in
technology as well as commercial and social
aspects of day-to-day activities. The survey
result proved extremely useful in
determining the prevailing situation
regarding the socio economic aspects of
pot making as a livelihood source.
● Development of raw material
processing mixer:
The mixer is a new
addition to the pot making process wherein
a single mixer can serve the requirements
17
active conservation techniques

of several pot making units. The design and
development of mixer has been done by
utilizing only the locally available resources
and the equipment has large replicability
potential in the cluster. With the
introduction of mechanized mixing
equipments, the uniformity of various
physical properties across the volume of the
material has been ensured and the duration
of labour intensive manual mixing operation
substantially reduced. For deeper
penetration of developed technology, it was
essential that the principle of operation and
maintenance should be easily graspable by
the target community and thus the
construction and operation of the mixer was
designed in such a way that the technology
could be easily replicated and installed by
groups of pot makers as well as by individual
pot makers. The mixer works on simple
principle of stirring. Table 1 (below) gives
the components list along with their
specification and other particulars
as mentioned.
Initially unloaded mixer
Loading the mixer tank with clay and grog
mixture
The following pictures show the schematics
of mixer operation.
● Manufacture and Testing of Improved
pots in Pot ot furnace: Three batches of pots
were tested in the pot furnace operation
for establishing the useful life realizable
from the improved pots. Each of the batches
was manufactured from the locally available
Loaded mixer in operation
Table 1: Clay mixing equipment component list
Unloading processed mixture from the
mixer tank
Component
Nos.
Specification
Remarks
Electric Motor 1 AC motor, 2 HP rated power To provide motive power
Reduction Gear box and assembly 2 Dia - 100 mm For adjusting the machine rpm
Gear ratio - 1 : 20
Crown Pinion Gear 1 – For transfer of motion from motor shaft to
mixer shaft
Iron pot with cement lining 1 Holding capacity 650 kg To hold soaked clay and grog while churning
Angular blades pair 1 – To create turbulent movement in soaked mixture
for effective mixing
18
active conservation techniques

esources after removing the material and
process related shortcomings in the existing
pot making process. Three different pot
material compositions were identified for
making of improved as well as control test
pots based on various varieties of clay and
grog. The trial and testing activity of the
pots was carried out at the glass processing
unit (bangle making) of M/s Navjeevan
Glass Industries.
The following pictures show the pot
replacement process in the running pot
furnace at M/s Navjeevan Glass Industries.
Achievement and impact
generated
The most important and easily identifiable
indicator of the successful implementation
of activities is the increase in pot life inside
the pot furnace.The outcome of the testing
activity have been highly rewarding in terms
of increase in pot life by more than twice
of the existing average pot life and more
than thrice of the control case provided for
the experiment. The pot life has increased
from the control case of 10 days to the
best result of 31 days and the average pot
life established for processing the red colour
glass now stands at 15 days. It was reported
by the plant management at M/s Navjeevan
Glass Industries that such successful
intervention and improvement in the pot
life has been possible for the first time in
the history of Firozabad glass processing
units. The achievement becomes more
significant and meaningful when seen in the
light of usage of only locally available
materials, workmanship and resources
which can be accessed, implemented and
adopted by the pot maker community from
within their affordable resources.
The improvement in pot life has not only
reduced the monetary losses associated
with frequent pot replacements rather it has
Taking out damaged pot from running pot furnace and transferring new pot inside the
furnace
also made significant impacts on several
issues such as:
● Reduction in GHG emissions which is
directly linked to the reduction in natural
gas consumption by avoiding frequent
replacement of pots in the pot furnace.
● Huge energy losses are associated with
replacement of pots in a pot furnace as
the entire operation is done while the
pot furnace is running at temperature
of over 1,400 0 C, hence increase in pot
life has a proportionate reduction in
these losses.
● Since the pot replacement operation
exposes workmen to very high
temperatures and difficult working
conditions, thus less frequent instances
of pot breakage would also lead to lesser
times the workmen are exposed to high
temperatures inside the furnace and hence
improvement in workplace environment.
● The margins involved in pot making had
been coming down since last several
years resulting into shutdown of many
units but with the improved pots
decreasing the monetary losses incurred
by the end user (glass melting unit), the
pot makers can now demand a higher
price with a higher profit margin for
the same.
The way ahead
The results achieved from the realtime trial
of pots inside the pot furnace have been
compiled and further development and
testing would be conducted for establishing
the most promising method for pot making.
The improved pot making process shall be
disseminated among the community and
the indigenously developed process will be
envisaged to gain wide acceptance within
the pot makers. The development would
not only address the long standing issue of
unreliable pot failure inside the pot furnace
but would also ensure the sustained
livelihood of the pot makers of Firozabad
as many attempts to harness and implement
cost intensive technology from outside the
cluster would take a back seat owing to
ready availability to local resources.
Courtesy: Manish Soni, Program Officer
Winrock International India
Email: manishs@winrockindia.org
19
active conservation techniques

Agroup of 50 Post Graduate teachers from different
Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV) of India recently visited the
Conservation Technology Centre (CTC) at PCRA, New
Delhi. During the visit, the teachers were enlightened about several
topics such as energy scenario in India and across the globe, scope
for energy conservation and potential for savings, easy ways to
save energy, barriers to energy conservation in various sectors
and their solution etc.
The teachers were very much enthusiastic to take part in the touch
screen quiz organized by EDP, Department of PCRA and found
the visit to be highly useful in enhancing their knowledge on
energy conservation. The teachers also greatly appreciated
the state-of-the-art ‘Conservation Technology Centre’ as well
as the presentation made by Shri G.K. Medhi, Jt. Director,
PCRA.
Some of the comments shared by the teachers, during their visit
to Conservation Technology Centre are:
“I felt glad to visit PCRA. I got wonderful tips to save
energy which can ensure that our future generations
can also use these facilities.
Chetna, PGT, K.V, Rohini
“
“
“
”
”
” ”
Visiting PCRA is a wonderful experience and one learns
a lot of new things that can shared in society.
Arvind Kumar, PGT, K.V, Badarpur
PCRA is working for a very noble cause of conserving
nature & natural resources.
Harminder Kaur, PGT, K.V. Patiala, Punjab
The visit was a fruitful experience. Thanks for reminding
the things that we should actually practice in life to
save fuel.
Renu Bala, PGT, K.V, Shimla, HP
20
Shri Mahendra Chandurkar, Asstt. Manager (EDP) (Right)
conducting touch screen quiz competition for the PGT
active conservation techniques
Post Graduate Teachers from different Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV) of
India visited the Conservation Technology Centre

W E B S I T E S
http://www.reegle.info/
Reegle, the search engine for Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency is home to clean energy information sources which are
reviewed by experts, connecting actors and stakeholders by providing
organisation details, updates of sustainable energy related topics
on a global map. Current and informative, the reegle blog
provides on site reports from the worlds leading events, as well
as commentary on key clean energy issues and informed debate
on related subject matter.
http://www.house-energy.com/
House- energy is a window that takes you through various small
and big energy saving steps that an individual can take so as to
make energy efficient homes. Specially in the wake of climate change
and increasing energy scarcity, it is becoming a compulsion for every
individual irrespective of location to conserve energy. In this scenario,
House-energy provides simple solutions for a secured future.
EVENTS
3 rd International Scientific “Energy
and Climate Change” Conference
Athens (Greece)
October 7-8, 2010
The conference that will be attended by scientists, researchers,
PhD candidates and policy makers from all over the world, will
have sessions oriented towards energy and environment &
climate change. An International Scientific Committee consisted
of members from Greece, EU, BSEC and Central Asia countries
will ensure the quality of the sessions. All sessions will be hosted
at the “New Amfitheatro” of the Central Building of the National
and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
RENEXPO
Augsbur
ugsburg, g, Germany
October 7 – 10, 2010
International Trade Fair for Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficient Building & Renovation is one of the major trade fairs
for renewable energy and energy efficiency in Europe. Due to
its unique variety of topics, it has become the number one
trade platform. The event traditionally features a guest country,
which this year will be Austria.
Further, the RENEXPO is a member of the EU campaign
“Sustainable Energy Europe”. Another international highlight
is the IBEF International Business Exchange Forum where
companies present themselves at a common international
booth.
DIREC 2010
Greater Noida, National Capital Ter
erritor
ritory y of Delhi
October 27-29, 2010
The Delhi International Renewable Energy Conference (DIREC)
2010 will bring together the world’s leaders in the field of
renewable energy from governments, civil society, and private
sector and provide an interactive forum for them to discuss
and exchange their visions, experience, and solutions for
accelerating the global scale up of renewable energy.
21
active conservation techniques

I N T H E N E W S
Cabinet OKs energy
efficiency plan
The Union Cabinet has approved the
ambitious National Mission for Enhanced
Energy Efficiency, one of the eight missions
under the National Action Plan on Climate
Change. The mission is expected to save
23 million ton oil equivalent of fuel and
avoid the need to build additional capacity
of over 19,000 MW.
Speaking after the Cabinet approval, the
Secretary, Ministry of Power said: “This is
a significant development for India. During
the next four years, the mission will help
achieve greenhouse gas emissions reduction
of 98.55 million tons per year.” The mission
will also kick-start the country’s first marketbased
trading in energy efficiency savings.
Just like the international carbon trade, a
domestic trade in energy saving certificates
would facilitate this process.
Source: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/
india/Cabinet-OKs-energy-efficiency-plan/
articleshow/6088416.cms
India tops energyefficient
cement
production
With some of the plants operating at the
lowest energy consumption levels, the
Indian cement industry has become a
forerunner in energy-efficient cement
manufacturing in the world, according to
FE-EVI Green Business Survey 2009-10.
Elaborating about the initiatives taken up
by companies, FE-EVI Green Business
Survey 2009-10 quotes numerous
examples. Companies are also taking other
initiatives to minimize their ecological
footprint. These include substitution of
fossil fuels used in cement kilns by fuels
derived from waste, installation of waste
heat recovery system, modification of the
composition of cement by using cement
constituents which require less energy to
produce than cement clinker.
Source: http://www.financialexpress.com/news/
india-tops-energyefficient-cement-production/
629108/
India’s Ajay Mathur
among energy-efficiency
‘visionaries’
Ajay Mathur, Director General, Bureau of
Energy Efficiency (BEE), is one of the energy
efficiency “visionaries” from Africa, Asia,
Europe and South America to be honoured
by the Alliance to Save Energy.
Mathur received the award in Washington
recently during a conference. Mathur is also
a member of the Prime Minister’s Council
on Climate Change and has been involved
in driving India’s market transformation
towards energy efficiency. His work
includes India’s standards and labelling
programme for equipment and
appliances, its energy conservation
building code and programs for industrial
energy efficiency and demand-side
management in the buildings, lighting,
and municipal sectors.
Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/
articleshow/5920414.cms
Berkeley Lab Report:
Simple Energy Efficiency Measures can Eliminate Electricity Shortage in India
22
Electricity in India can be a dicey
proposition. Half the population lacks
access or is too poor to afford it. The
other half is using so much that demand
far outstrips supply, resulting in daily
power outages. As chaotic as things are,
there is a solution: simple energy
efficiency measures, according to a new
report from Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), can eliminate
the electricity deficit as early as 2013.
What’s more, doing so will add $505
active conservation techniques
billion to India’s gross domestic product
(GDP) between 2009 and 2017
(compared to India’s total GDP of $911
billion in 2007-2008), as businesses that
have had to cut back due to electricity
shortages can restore production.
“None of these measures are retrofits; they
are all new sales of items such as light bulbs
and refrigerators. We tried to keep it as
simple as we possibly could—no buildings,
no transport,” said report co-author Jayant
Sathaye, a Berkeley Lab senior scientist
who leads the International Energy Studies
Group in the Environmental Energy
Technologies Division. “Air conditioners
alone are growing at 25% per year in
India. But because of this rapid growth,
you can capture the new sales, sell only
efficient products and make a difference.”
Source: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/featurestories/2010/05/25/energy-efficiencymeasures-can-eliminate-electricity-shortage-inindia/

Call for Papers – ACT Journal
The primary aim of the ACT journal is information dissemination
on the latest conservation techniques, R&D Efforts and
developments in the field of energy conservation. PCRA invites
you to contribute orginal articles /papers on topics such as
Energy Efficiency, Petroleum Conservation, R&D Efforts, Energy
Audits, Environment Protection, Technological Improvement,
Renewable Sources of Energy, Inter-fuel Substitution, Policy
Aspects, Implementation Efforts of New Technologies, and Case
Studies.
The paper/s should be of about 2,000-2,500 words (maximum
of 3-4 pages, which would include relevant graphs, charts,
figures, and tables). Further, we also request you to pass on
this information to authors, writers, agencies, who may be
interested in contributing content to the ACT journal. Please
send in your papers/articles/case studies/ success stories [hard
copy + CD] with a photograph, at the following address:
The Associate Editor
Active Conservation Techniques Journal, PCRA
Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi – 110066; India
Tel: 011-26198856; Fax: 011-26109668; Email: medhigk@pcra.org
HEADQUARTER
PETROLEUM CONSERVATION RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi - 110066; Tel: 011-26198856; Fax: 011-26109668
Email: pcra@pcra.org; Website: www.pcra.org
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