[tel-00347666, v1] Description de la langue bijogo (Guinée ... - CNRS

UNIVERSITE PARIS III - SORBONNE NOUVELLE
U.F.R. de Sciences du Langage
N° attribué par la bibliothèque :
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
THESE
pour obtenir le grade de
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE PARIS III
Discipline : Sciences du Langage
Présentée et soutenue publiquement
par
Guillaume SEGERER
DESCRIPTION DE LA LANGUE BIJOGO
(GUINEE BISSAU)
Sous la direction de
France CLOAREC-HEISS
Directeur de recherche au CNRS
_______
2000

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k` oq‡rdmbd cd mnlaqdtw a`mbr cd r`akdr ds cd uhnkdmsr bntq`msr- Nq+
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`bbtdhkkhq cdr a`sd`tw cd s`hkkd hlonqs`msd+ bd pth ` odqlhr k&‡s`akhrrdldms
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drs rtqsnts bnlonr‡d c&hllhfq`msr 9 L`mchmftdr+ Odtkr+ A`k`msdr+ Ododkr+
dsb- B&drs kd rdtk onhms cd k&`qbghodk ‡ptho‡ ct s‡k‡ognmd+ c&tm odshs q‡rd`t
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0/
Oq‡rdms`shnmf‡m‡q`kd
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chronmhakd+nmo`quhdms◊hcdmshehdq`tlnhmrpt`sqddmrdlakdrch`kdbs`tw9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
BDMSQD9j`fa``f`+ch`kdbsdcdAta`ptd+Qta`mddsRnf`-
RTC 9 j`injn+ ch`kdbsd c&Nq`mfn+ Nq`mfnyhmgn+ Tmn+ Tq`b`md+
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rtqkdok`mkdwhb`k-M‡`mlnhmr+kdtqo`qdms‡f‡m‡`knfhptdmd e`hs ftflqd cd
cntsdr- @ bdssd rhst`shnm c‡i◊ bnlokdwd r&`intsdms cdr u`qh`shnmr knb`kdr+
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cnms k` onotk`shnm drs dm o`qshd hrrtd cd k&Âkd unhrhmd c&Nq`mfn+ k` k`mftd
oq‡rdmsd bdqs`hmr sq`hsr b`q`bs‡qhrshptdr ct o`qkdq c&Nq`mfn 'j`injn(- Hk drs
hms‡qdrr`ms cd oq‡bhrdq ptd kdr u`qh`shnmr knb`kdr rnms rntudms qdrrdmshdr
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uhkk`fd rhst‡ ◊ lnhmr cd cdtw jhknlflsqdr+ tm fq`mc mnlaqd cd sq`hsr
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cdcnmmdq tmd uhrhnm oq‡bhrd cd bd ptd odts ·sqd k` !k`mftd ahinfn!- B&drs
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Oq‡rdms`shnmf‡m‡q`kd 00
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdrrntqbdronqstf`hrdrtshkhrdmskdsdqldAhi`fÍ'r(ontqc‡rhfmdqkdr Âkdr+
kdtqrg`ahs`msr+dsk`k`mftd-Kdrc‡mnlhm`shnmrknb`kdrcdrchudqrch`kdbsdr
rnms bhs‡dr bh,cdrrtr- Kd sdqld ahinfn rdlakd ·sqd k` udqrhnm jqhnk cd
k&`oodkk`shnm onqstf`hrd 3 - Hk drs tshkhr‡ o`q kdr Ahinfn ontq c‡rhfmdq kdr
gnlldrdsk`k`mftd+dmu`qh`shnmkhaqd`udbkdlnsonqstf`hr-Bdcdqmhdqdrs
kd rdtk tshkhr‡ ontq c‡rhfmdq kdr Âkdr- Rtq kd sdqq`hm+ nm dmsdmc cnmb o`qkdq
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lns onqstf`hr- Dm qdu`mbgd+ ahinfn drs tshkhr‡ c`mr bdqs`hmr ntuq`fdr
q‡bdmsr+mns`lldmsGDMQX0883'No-bhs-(-K`oq‡rdmsdcdrbqhoshnmsq`hs`ms
ct ch`kdbsd cd k&Âkd cd Ata`ptd+ nm `tq`hs ot bgnhrhq c&tshkhrdq kd sdqld
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1-1 Hmudms`hqdcdrsq`u`tw
Kdr sq`u`tw otakh‡r rnms q`qdr- Bd rnms rtqsnts cdr khrsdr cd lnsr+ ds
ptdkptdr sq`ctbshnmr cd sdwsdr ahakhptdr- Nm chronrd ‡f`kdldms cd cdtw
`odqfitr fq`ll`shb`tw l`mtrbqhsr ds cd l`s‡qh`tw kdwhb`tw ‡f`kdldms
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bnlohk`shnmdscdbnlo`q`hrnm-
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Udqr k` ehm ct 06flld rhflbkd+ tm unx`fdtq eq`mfi`hr otakh` tm kdwhptd cd
oktrhdtqrk`mftdrcdk`bÎsdcdFthm‡d 4 -Rhk&nmr`hso`qkdshsqdcdk&ntuq`fd
pt&hk bnlonqs`hs tmd o`qshd bnmr`bq‡d `t ahinfn 5 + bdssd o`qshd+ `hmrh ptd
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3 Nmqdkflud`trrhkdru`qh`msdrahitft+atitft-
4 KDROHM@X+0886
5 Kdshsqdbnlokdsctl`mtrbqhsdrsCHBSHNM@HQDCdrK`mftdrEq`mfinhrd+DsMdfqdrcnmsnm
rd rdqs c`mr k` bnmbdrrhnm cd k` Bnlo`fmhd Qnx`kd ct Rdmdf`k+ Rfi`tnhq Fthnkne+ Entkd+
L`mchmftd+R`q`bnk‡+Rdq`hqd+A`fmnm+Ekntod+O`odk+Ahy`fnsr+M`kntrdsR`oh-

01
Oq‡rdms`shnmf‡m‡q`kd
1-1-0 Khrsdrkdwhb`kdr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Rhfhrltmc JNDKKD+ c`mr r` lnmtldms`kd Onkxfknss` @eqhb`m` 'JNDKKD+
0743(+ oq‡rdmsd kdr oktr `mbhdmr kdwhptdr ahinfn- K&tm oqnuhdms cd k&Âkd cd
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ognm‡shptdcdJNDKKDdrsq‡ots‡d`rrdyeh`akd-
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onqstf`hrd Ankdshl Btkstq`k c` Fthm‡ Onqstftdr`- Nm x sqntud tm !aqde
drr`h dsgmnfq`oghptd! rtq kdr Ahinfn+ `udb tm kdwhptd cd 060 sdqldr
'LNQDHQ@+ 0835(- K` sq`mrbqhoshnm+ sqflr hmektdmb‡d o`q kdr g`ahstcdr
nqsgnfq`oghptdr onqstf`hrdr+ l`mptd cd bng‡qdmbd- Cd oktr+ ahdm pt&hk
rntkhfmd cd !ek`fq`msdr chee‡qdmbdr ch`kdbs`kdr! dmsqd kdr Âkdr+ LNQDHQ@ md
oq‡bhrdo`r'r`tedwbdoshnm(nnms‡s‡qdbtdhkkhdrkdrcnmm‡drpt&hkoq‡rdmsd-
Nmsqntud‡f`kdldmsctunb`atk`hqdahinfnc`mrtmdkhrsdbnlo`q`shud
cd mnlr cd ok`msdr cd Fthm‡d Ahrr`t 'R@MSN+ 0852(- Kdr 005 sdqldr
oq‡rdmsrxrnmssq`mrbqhsrr`mrfq`mcdbng‡qdmbd+l`hrk`sq`ctbshnmdmjqhnk
ds kdr mnlr rbhdmshehptdr odqldssdms c&deedbstdq cdr qdbntodldmsr pth nms
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6 Be-Ahakhnfq`oghd9r-m-+0865`+r-m-+0865a+r-m-+0871-

Oq‡rdms`shnmf‡m‡q`kd 02
`msdmmd◊Ata`ptdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Hke`tssntsdenhr`intsdq◊bdssdkhrsd tm bdqs`hm mnlaqd cd cnbtldmsr
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lnahkhs‡qdk`shudldmshlonqs`msd◊k&hms‡qhdtqcdk&`qbghodk+kdrch`kdbsdrmd
7 Tmhnm Hmsdqm`shnm`kd ontq k` Bnmrdqu`shnm cd k` M`stqd+ NMF rthrrd chronr`ms c&tmd
ctahinfn`trdhmcdrk`mftdr`sk`mshptdr-K`oqdlhflqddrsctd◊H-@QSGTQ
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Ahinfn`x`mskdjqhnkbnlldk`mftdoqdlhflqd-
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
1-3 Kdrbnmchshnmrc&dmpt·sd
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rtqk&ÂkdcdEnqlnr`-
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Ahi`msd+`x`mssntintqru‡bt◊Ahi`msd-
C&`tsqdr hmenql`sdtqr nms o`qshbho‡ oktr ronq`chptdldms ◊ k&dmpt·sd 9
L`qhn @mcq‡+ 26 `mr+ c&@mb`cnm` 'uhkk`fd cd Ata`ptd(+ B`qknr @msnmhn
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qdbtdhkkhr `toqflr c&dme`msr cd k&‡bnkd oqhl`hqd cd Ata`ptd,uhkkd+ cd
odqrnmmdrŸf‡drctuhkk`fdc&Dmdm'oqflrcdAhi`msd(dscdO`tkn-
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Oq‡rdms`shnmf‡m‡q`kd 04
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
cdr hmenql`sdtqr c`mr bdssd k`mftd md c‡o`rr`hs cnmb o`r tm mhud`t `rrdy
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`hkkdtqr+ ldr oqnoqdr bnlo‡sdmbdr dm onqstf`hr 'ds o`q k` rthsd dm jqhnk(
‡s`ms ‡f`kdldms sqflr khlhs‡dr+ kdr oqnakflldr cd bnlltmhb`shnm `udb kdr
hmenql`sdtqrnmsbnmrhc‡q`akdldmsbnlokhpt‡dsq`kdmshkdsq`u`hkc&dmpt·sd+
ptdkkdptdeÚsk`anmmdunknms‡l`mhedrs‡dcdo`qsdsc&`tsqd-Bnmbqflsdldms+
bdrcheehbtks‡rnmse`hsptdahdmrntudms+i&`hcÚsntsrhlokdldmsqdmnmbdq◊
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11
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Ognmnknfhd 12
0-2 Hmudms`hqdronrhshnmmdkr
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Bg`btmd cdr bnmrnmmdr ct rxrsflld odts `oo`q`Âsqd dm onrhshnm hmhsh`kd+
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13
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Ognmnknfhd 14
1 Unxdkkdr
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15
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Ognmnknfhd 16
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17
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Ognmnknfhd 18
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`,it9`hk';jq-(
,c`mrkdb`rc&tmdrthsd---UBBU---+dmsqdkdrbnmrnmmdr9---UB,BU---9
otq,jtonqb';jq-(
Ωl,a` : village

2/
Ognmnknfhd
,c`mr kd b`r cdr rthsdr ---UBqU---+ ---UBxU--- nt ---UBvU---+ `u`ms k`
bnmrnmmd9---U,BqU---+---U,BxU---+---U,BvU---9
n,ovd9e`msÎld+qdudm`ms
cd,aqh9khfluqd';jq-(
,c`mrkdb`rc&tmdrthsd---BU 0 U 1 BU+`oqflrbg`ptdunxdkkd9---BU 0 ,U 1 ,BU9
j`,n,j`9uhkk`fdsdlonq`hqd
,c`mrkdb`rc&tmdrthsd---BU 0 U 1 B+dmsqdkdrunxdkkdr9---BU 0 ,U 1 B9
x`,tlintdtqrcds`lantq
j`,i`,t,sh9`qaqdro-
j`,l`,nj9`adhkkdro-
,c`mrkdb`rc&tmdrthsd---U 0 U 0 BU---+`oqflrkdrunxdkkdr9---UU,BU---9
ΩΩ,Ëh9l`mfntrsd
d,ann,íh9bghdm
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
,Kdrr‡ptdmbdrBU 0 U 0 Brnmsq`qdr9j``jnhrd`tro-
Hke`tschqdhbhtmlnsctbnlonqsdldmscdrbnmrnmmdrm`r`kdrc`mrkd
b`cqd cd k` rxkk`ad- Tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd odts ◊ dkkd rdtkd bnmrshstdq tmd
rxkk`ad9 c`mr bd b`r+ hk r&`fhs c&tm lnqogflld ◊ o`qs dmshflqd+ ds bdssd
q‡`khr`shnm m&drs `ssdrs‡d pt&dm onrhshnm oq‡bnmrnm`mshptd- Oktrhdtqr
lnqogflldrnmsontqenqldtmdm`r`kdrxkk`ahptd-Nmbhsdq`dmsqd`tsqdrk`
l`qptdcdbk`rrdL, 8 9L,snrdk'q‡`khr‡Zm,sn\(+L,jdjdndter'q‡`khr‡Z»,
jdjd\(+ L,lΩ lhdk 'q‡`khr‡ Zl,lΩ\(- Tm lnqogflld tmhptdldms bnmrshst‡
c&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`kodts·sqdrthuhc&tmdunxdkkd-C`mrbdb`r+hkdrsrntudms
q‡`khr‡ bnlld tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd f‡lhm‡d+ cnms k` oqdlhflqd o`qshd drs
rxkk`ahptd-@hmrh+kdmnlcnmsk`rsqtbstqdlnqognognmnknfhptddrsL,`sn
'oq‡ehwd cd bk`rrd L * q`bhmd ,`sn(+ pth rhfmhehd eqthsr cd a`na`a+ drs
q‡`khr‡Zl,l`,sn\+`udbsqnhrrxkk`adr+cnmstmdm`r`kdrxkk`ahptd-
Nm`nlhrunknms`hqdldms+c`mrk&hmudms`hqdcdrenqldrcdrxkk`adr+kd
b`rcdrcdtwsxodrcdrxkk`adrbnlonqs`mstmdr‡ptdmbdMB9BUMB+UMB-
C`mr k&‡udmst`khs‡ c&tmd hmsdqoq‡s`shnm lnmnognm‡l`shptd cdr r‡ptdmbdr
MB+bdrrxkk`adrmdr&‡knhfmdmso`rcdrenqldrbhs‡droktrg`ts-L`hr`knqr+
nm cduq`hs sqntudq `trrh cdr rxkk`adr cd sxod MBU 'bnqqdronmc`ms `t sxod
BU(+MBUBdsMBUMB'bnqqdronmc`ms`tsxodBUB(-Bdm&drso`rkdb`r-
Cdsdkkdrr‡ptdmbdrrnms`ssdrs‡dr+l`hrbnlonqsdsntintqrcdtwrxkk`adr+k`
m`r`kdhmhsh`kd‡s`msntahdmrxkk`ahptd'◊k&hmhsh`kd(+ntq`ss`bg‡d◊k`rxkk`ad
oq‡b‡cdmsd-
C&`tsqd o`qs+ kdr rxkk`adr UMB ds BUMB rnms q`qdr ds bnmm`hrrdms
rntudms cdr q‡`khr`shnmr r`mr ‡k‡ldms m`r`k- O`q dwdlokd+ i`míhmí ‡odquhdq
odts ·sqd q‡`khr‡ Zi`m,íhmí\+ nt Zi`,íhmí\ nt dmbnqd Zi`m,íhí\- K` ptdrshnm ct
sq`hsdldmscdrr‡ptdmbdrMBrdq`dw`lhm‡ddmc‡s`hk`tbg`ohsqd3-0+o-23-
8 Rtqk`enqldcda`rdcdbdssdbk`rrd+be-mnsd66+o-050-

Ognmnknfhd 20
2-1 Kdrrbgflldrrxkk`ahptdr
0/ Bdssdq`bhmddrsk`u`qh`msd&tr‡d&cdk`q`bhmd,íΩmí9ΩíΩmíontkd-Kdoktqhdkdrshqq‡ftkhdq9
jÔíÔmíontkdr-K`o`hqdΩmí.jÔmídrskdrdtkdwdlokdcdmnlrcdenqldrUMBdsBUMB-
00 K`enqld»t,sdmntrrdlakdhrrtdcd»t,msdontqk`q`hrnmrthu`msd9nmudqq`'o-28(ptd
kdr unxdkkdr nms sdmc`mbd ◊ rd edqldq `t bnms`bs c&tmd r‡ptdmbd MB- O`q `hkkdtqr+ kdr
unxdkkdrcdbdqs`hmroq‡ehwdrcdbk`rrd`cnosdmskdcdfq‡c&ntudqstqdcdk`oqdlhflqdunxdkkd
cd k` q`bhmd kdwhb`kd- K` qflfkd cd edqldstqd cdu`ms MB drs oktr enqsd ptd k` qflfkd
c&g`qlnmhr`shnm- @hmrh+ `udb tmd q`bhmd ,sd ds k` bk`rrd ôN+ nm `ssdmcq`hs )»n,sd- K`
oq‡rdmbdc&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`kdmsq`Âmdk`q‡`khr`shnm»t,msd-K`enqld»t,sdbnmrdqudk`sq`bd
cd bds ‡k‡ldms m`r`k- Tm og‡mnlflmd rhlhk`hqd r&nardqud ◊ oqnonr ct mnl ontq u`bgdr 9
bdqs`hmr o`qkdqr nms jt,rhΩ+ `udb g`qlnmhd `ssdmctd dmsqd t ds h- @ Ata`ptd+ ds oktr
o`qshbtkhflqdldmsc`mrkduhkk`fdcdAhi`msd+k`enqldqdkdu‡ddrsjt,rΩ-Kdh`chro`qtl`hr
r`sq`bddrsbnmrdqu‡d`tmhud`tctoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
K&‡s`akhrrdldms cd k&hmudms`hqd cdr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr `ssdrs‡r nakhfd ◊
sdmhq bnlosd cd bnmrhc‡q`shnmr lnqognknfhptdr- Dm deeds+ k&tr`fd cd
k&dwoqdrrhnm &rbgflld rxkk`ahptd& hlokhptd ptd rnhdms qdbnmmtdr kdr khlhsdr
ct lns- C`mr kd b`r c&tmd k`mftd ◊ bk`rrdr c&`bbnqc bnlld kd ahinfn+ kdr
`eehwdr cd bk`rrdr rnms hrnk`akdr o`q bnllts`shnm+ l`hr kdtq rnkhc`qhs‡
ognmnknfhptd `udb k` a`rd kdwhb`kd rd l`mhedrsd ◊ sq`udqr bdqs`hmr
og‡mnlflmdr+ cnms k` rxkk`a`shnm- O`q dwdlokd+ bdqs`hmdr a`rdr mnlhm`kdr
bnlonqsdms ◊ k&hmhsh`kd tmd r‡ptdmbd MB+ l`hr k` oq‡rdmbd c&tm oq‡ehwd cd
bk`rrd dmsq`Âmd k&`eedbs`shnm cd bg`ptd rdfldms cd bdssd r‡ptdmbd ◊ cdr
rxkk`adr chrshmbsdr+ r`te ahdm rÚq knqrptd kd lns `hmrh enql‡ drs
lnmnrxkk`ahptd9
mnl rdmr rxkk`adr rbgflld bk`rrd a`rd
j`mcd itod j`m,cd BUM,BU J@, ,mcd
mtmjtmcd sntqsdqdkkd mtm,jtm,cd BUM,BUM,BU mU, ,mjtmcd
jÔmmÔ nqdhkkd jÔm,mÔ BUM,MU JN, ,mmÔ
Ômfax` dme`ms Ôm,fax` UM,BxU N, ,mfax`
jtlonmí bg`od`t jnl,onmí BUM,BUMB JN, ,lonmí
Ωmí ontkd Ωmí UMB D, ,mí
jÔmí ontkdr jÔmí BUMB JN, ,mí 0/
Oq‡bhrnmrptdk&‡k‡ldmsm`r`khmhsh`kcdsdkkdra`rdrmnlhm`kdrm&drso`r
sqflrrs`akd`trdhmcdrchudqrch`kdbsdr-Dmqdrs`msc`mrk&ÂkdcdAta`ptd+nm
bnmrs`sdcdru`qh`shnmrdmsqdkdruhkk`fdr-O`qdwdlokd+kdsdqldontq`qaqd
drs»t,msd◊Atqtrds»t,sd◊Ahi`msd 00 -
Hk o`q`Âs cnmb oqtcdms cd r‡o`qdq kdr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr cdr tmhs‡r
q‡dkkdldms`ssdrs‡drc`mrkdchrbntqrcdbdtwcdra`rdrkdwhb`kdr-Ontqbdr

21
Ognmnknfhd
cdqmhflqdr+ hk bnmuhdms ‡f`kdldms c&no‡qdq tmd chrshmbshnm dmsqd kdr a`rdr
mnlhm`kdr ds kdr a`rdr udqa`kdr+ pth oq‡rdmsdms rtq bd onhms tm hmudms`hqd
oktr q‡cths- Tmd a`rd udqa`kd odts ·sqd c‡ehmhd bnlld tm ‡k‡ldms
rtrbdoshakd cd qdbdunhq bdqs`hmr sxodr c&`eehwdr+ mns`lldms kdr hmchbdr
odqrnmmdkr- Kd mnlaqd cdr `eehwdr udqa`tw ds k` u`qh‡s‡ cd kdtqr
bnlahm`hrnmr `tsntq cd k` a`rd udqa`kd odtudms dmfdmcqdq cdr enqldr
udqa`kdr`rrdyknmftdr+cnmskdc‡s`hkrdq`dw`lhm‡oktrknhm'o`qdwdlokd+
x`j`m`c`j`s`j`m pt&hkr sq`u`hkkdms ontq lnh(- Bdr enqldr bnmrshstdms
m‡`mlnhmr tm lns+ ontq `ts`ms ptd k&nm othrrd c‡ehmhq kd lns bnlld tmd
tmhs‡◊k`enhrlnqognrxms`whptdds+c`mrtmdbdqs`hmdldrtqd+hmsnm`shud-
Kdrhmudms`hqdrcdroqhmbho`twrbgflldrrxkk`ahptdr r&‡s`akhrrdms cnmb
cdk`e`finmrthu`msd9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Udqadr'434q`bhmdrdw`lhm‡dr(9
UB98$
BU96$
BUB955$
sns`kq`bhmdrlnmnrxkk`ahptdr971$
BUBUB90/$
@tsqdr97$
Mnlr'824q`bhmdrdw`lhm‡dr(9
BU98$
BUBU917$
BUBUBU98$
BUBUBUBU91$
BUMBU97$
BUB94$
BUBUB94$
UBU95$
@tsqdr917$'be-bhcdrrntr(
Nmkdunhs+kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdrrnmsl`inqhs`hqdldmslnmnrxkk`ahptdr+
ds kdtqr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr rnms fkna`kdldms ad`tbnto lnhmr chudqrheh‡r
ptd bdtw cdr q`bhmdr mnlhm`kdr- Dm ntsqd+ kdr q`bhmdr udqa`kdr oq‡rdmsdms
tmdehm`kdbnmrnm`mshptdc`mr74$cdrb`r+bnmsqdrdtkdldms1/$ontqkdr
q`bhmdr mnlhm`kdr- Bdr chee‡qdmbdr rnms ctdr `t e`hs ptd kdr udqadr rd
k`hrrdmsoktrunknmshdqr`m`kxrdqptdkdrmnlr-Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdrodtudms
qdbdunhq cdr rteehwdr pth kdtq odqldssdms cd enmbshnmmdq bnlld udqadr nt
bnlld mnlr- K` enqld f‡m‡q`kd cd bdr rteehwdr u`qhd dm enmbshnm cd k`
b`s‡fnqhd9 ehm`kd oktsÎs unb`khptd ontq kdr mnlr+ bnmrnm`mshptd ontq kdr
udqadr9
,aní o·bgdq d,anní,Ω o·bgd
n,anní,h o·bgdtq
jt,anní g`ldfinm
»n,anní,`sΩ `ooŸs

Ognmnknfhd 22
,l`s dmfdmcqdq ,l`s,Ôj m`Âsqd
ËÔ,l`s,h m`hrr`mbd
j`,l`s,`sΩ ok`bdms`
,snË ohkdq ,snË,`m rdbnfmdq
»`,snË,`md `bbhcdms
,cÔmj ·sqdoqnbgd ,cÔmj,`s `ooqnbgdq
mÔ,cÔmj,`md mndtc
5/ cd bdr 66 rbgflldr bnlosdms lnhmr cd 0/ qdoq‡rdms`msr- Kdr 06
rbgflldrqdrs`msrqdoq‡rdmsdmsbdodmc`ms76$cdra`rdrmnlhm`kdrtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
@knqrptdkdrrteehwdrudqa`twrnmsfkna`kdldmsahdmhcdmsheh‡r'be-o-
18/(+ bd pth odqlds cd q‡s`akhq k` enqld cd k` q`bhmd+ kd b`r cdr mnlr drs
oktrc‡khb`s-Ontqk`oktrfq`mcdo`qshdc&dmsqddtwdmdeeds+k&`m`kxrdmdodts
`kkdq`t,cdk◊ctc‡bnto`fdahm`hqdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrdèa`rdkdwhb`kd+bdpth
dwokhptd dm o`qshd k` fq`mcd u`qh‡s‡ cdr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr `ssqhat‡r `tw
q`bhmdr-Hkqdrsdptdk`enqldcdrrteehwdrdrstmanmhmchbdc&tmdsdmc`mbd
f‡m‡q`kdpthq‡rdqud`tw‡k‡ldmsrudqa`twkdrehm`kdrbnmrnm`mshptdr+ds`tw
‡k‡ldmsrmnlhm`twkdrehm`kdrunb`khptdr-
K`chudqrhs‡cdrrbgflldrrxkk`ahptdrcdra`rdrmnlhm`kdrdrsdwsq·ld-
Nmqdbdmrddmdeeds66rbgflldrchee‡qdmsr+cnms17mdrnmsqdoq‡rdms‡rptd
o`qtmdrdtkda`rdmnlhm`kd9
,`jtqtjtqt9o`ohkknmro-
,mΩqtatc`j9rdqodmsro-
,loqnftcn9l`qlhsdro-
dsb-

23
Ognmnknfhd
3 Kdenmbshnmmdldmscdk`m`r`khs‡
3-0 MBntM,B9kdoqnakflldcdroq‡m`r`khr‡dr
Kdahinfnmdbnmm`Âsoq`shptdldmso`rcdr‡ptdmbdrbnmrnm`mshptdr+◊o`qs
ptdkptdr r‡ptdmbdr Bv nt Bx+ sqflr q`qdldms Bq+ ds kdr r‡ptdmbdr MB
'bnmrnmmd nq`kd oq‡b‡c‡d c&tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd gnlnqf`mhptd(- Bdr
cdqmhflqdr rnms qdk`shudldms eq‡ptdmsdr+ ds rd qdmbnmsqdms c`mr sntsdr kdr
onrhshnmr9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
hmhsh`kd9mjnk◊,a`r+msnrdk+mrnlcdtw
l‡ch`md9Ôj`msÔedlld+Ωmr`lo`msgflqd+j`mjÔx`l`shm+Ômfax`dme`ms
ehm`kd9,joΩmsbntodq+danmí`mshknod+jtlonmíbg`od`t
Dmntsqd+hkdrso`qenhronrrhakdc&noonrdq+c`mrk`l·ldonrhshnm+tmd
r‡ptdmbd MB ◊ tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd rhlokd nt nq`kd rhlokd- Cd sdkkdr
noonrhshnmrrnms`rrdyq`qdr9
hmhsh`kd9msnrdk.sn`kknmr
l‡ch`md9jtmqnsqnt.jtmnenq·s.jtqnaŸsnmontqqdltdqk`r`tbd
ehm`kd9,Ômseqnssdq.,Ômqdrohqdq.,Ôs`oodkdq
Bdr e`hsr cduq`hdms odqldssqd c&hmsdqoq‡sdq kdr r‡ptdmbdr MB bnlld
cdrognmflldrtmhptdr-K`q`qds‡cdro`hqdr lhmhl`kdr m&drs o`r tm bqhsflqd
rteehr`ms ontq qdidsdq bdr ‡k‡ldmsr gnqr ct rxrsflld+ bnlosd sdmt cd
k&hlaqhb`shnm bnmrs`msd dmsqd ognmnknfhd ds lnqognknfhd- Bdodmc`ms+ cdr
`qftldmsrmnlaqdtwdsu`qh‡rrtffflqdmsoktsÎscdbnmrdqudq◊bdrr‡ptdmbdr
tmrs`stsah,ognm‡l`shptd9
@-Rdfldms`shnm
Nmnardqud+c`mrk`q‡`khr`shnmognm‡shptdcdrr‡ptdmbdrMB+tmdsdmc`mbd
sqflr mdssd ◊ r‡o`qdq kdr cdtw rdfldmsr 'be- bh,cdrrtr o- 18(- @ k&hmhsh`kd
`arnktd+k`m`r`kdbnmrshstd◊dkkdrdtkdtmdrxkk`ad-@oqflrtmdunxdkkd+k`
m`r`kd drs `eedbs‡d ◊ k` rxkk`ad oq‡b‡cdmsd+ `udb ontq deeds cd m`r`khrdq k`
unxdkkddmptdrshnm9
msnrdk Zm´,sn\
Ôj`msnedlld ZÔ,j`ëm,sÔ\

Ognmnknfhd 24
A-Dbnmnlhd
K` fq`mcd l`inqhs‡ cdr 07 bnmrnmmdr ct rxrsflld odts ·sqd oq‡b‡c‡d c&tm
‡k‡ldmsbnmrnm`mshptdm`r`k9
01 K&`ardmbdcdrcdtwr‡ptdmbdr»»dsËxodts·sqdctd◊k`cheehbtks‡cdkdrchrshmftdqcd
r‡ptdmbdrognm‡shptdldmsoqnbgdr+l`hr‡f`kdldms◊cdrog‡mnlflmdrcdchrrhlhk`shnmnt
c&`rrhlhk`shnmtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Bdrq‡`khr`shnmrrnmssqflrmdssdldmsodqbdoshakdrdsl·ldqdudmchpt‡dr
o`q kdr hmenql`sdtqr pth+ knqrpt&nm kdtq rntlds o`q dwdlokd kdr cdtw
q‡`khr`shnmr Zmh,mr`q\ ds Zmhm,r`q\ 'mhmr`q l`bgdssd(+ nosdms edqldldms ds
r`mr`tbtmdg‡rhs`shnmontqk`rdbnmcd-
o9j`lon o`mhdqros9j`mshms`
gd`tld
r9Ωmr`l o`msgflqd
í9Ωmí ontkd
j9j`mjÔx` l`shm
jo9jtqtmjod oktld
a9Ωla` uhkk`fd
c9j`mcd itodcdehaqdr
i9j`mi` l`hrnmcdbtksd
f9mftlΩ fntqchmr
fa9Ômfax` dme`ms
l9»`lltm` fq`hrrd
m9jÔmmÔ nqdhkkd
Ë9ËËn d`t
»9hkdrscheehbhkdcde`hqdk`chee‡qdmbddmsqdZ»»\dsZ»f\
q9jtmqn sqnt
v9ZΩÑv`\ ncdtq
x9hkdrscheehbhkdcde`hqdk`chee‡qdmbddmsqdZËË\dsZËx\ 01
B-Chrsqhatshnm
Hk drs e`bhkd cd bnmrs`sdq ◊ ptdk onhms k&hmsqnctbshnm cd ognmflldr
oq‡m`r`khr‡r`kntqchq`hskdrxrsflld-Tmdqflfkdodqldss`ms◊m&hlonqsdptdkkd
bnmrnmmdc&·sqdoq‡b‡c‡dc&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`kcdl·ldonhmsc&`qshbtk`shnmdrs
ad`tbntooktr‡bnmnlhptd-Cdu`msv+k&‡k‡ldmsm`r`kdrsq‡`khr‡Ñdsmnm
l- Kdr hmenql`sdtqr rnms b`s‡fnqhptdr rtq bd onhms- Nq+ Ñ m&dwhrsd o`r
`hkkdtqr c`mr k` k`mftd- Tmd r‡qhd cd oq‡m`r`khr‡dr cduq`hs hmbktqd Ñv+ ds
bnlosdq`hs `hmrh c`u`ms`fd c&‡k‡ldmsr ptd k` r‡qhd cdr m`r`kdr- Tmd sdkkd
chrsqhatshnmrdlakdrs`shrshptdldmsdwbdoshnmmdkkd+rhdkkddwhrsd-
Kdrr‡ptdmbdrMBrnmssqflrhm‡f`kdldmschrsqhat‡dr`trdhmctkdwhptd-
Dm o`qshbtkhdq+ bdssd chrsqhatshnm u`qhd dmsqd kdr q`bhmdr mnlhm`kdr ds kdr
q`bhmdr udqa`kdr- C`mr kdr oqdlhflqdr+ kdr r‡ptdmbd MB `oo`q`hrrdms

25
Ognmnknfhd
oqhmbho`kdldms ◊ k&hmhsh`kd ds dm onrhshnm hmsdqunb`khptd 'ct e`hs cd k`
oq‡rdmbd cd oq‡ehwdr cd bk`rrd+ k` onrhshnm hmhsh`kd cd q`bhmd ‡pthu`ts
rntudms cd e`bsn ◊ k` onrhshnm hmsdqunb`khptd dm sdqldr c&dmuhqnmmdldms
ognm‡shptd(- Kdr ehm`kdr MB rnms sqflr q`qdr o`qlh kdr mnlr ds+ e`hs
qdl`qpt`akd+ rdtk tm odshs mnlaqd cd bnmrnmmdr drs bnmbdqm‡- Rtq 05
nbbtqqdmbdrcdq`bhmdrmnlhm`kdr◊ehm`kdMB+nmmdqdkfludptd3r‡ptdmbdr
chee‡qdmsdr9,mc90+,ms92+,mj92+,mí98-
Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdroq‡rdmsdmspt`ms◊dkkdr00ehm`kdrMBchee‡qdmsdr
ontq tm sns`k cd 33 nbbtqqdmbdr 9 ,ms9 8+ ,mc9 8+ ,mí9 7+ ,mj9 4+ ,mr9 2+
,mq91+,mi91+,mf91+,lo90+,la90+,mfa90-
Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdrrnmsl`inqhs`hqdldmscdenqldBUB-Nq+kdsxod
BUMBdrsahdm`ssdrs‡l`hrnmmdqdkflud`tbtmdq`bhmdudqa`kdcdk`enqld
MBUB- Dm qdu`mbgd+ bdqs`hmr mnlr hrrtr cd q`bhmdr udqa`kdr oq‡rdmsdms ◊
k&hmhsh`kdcdq`bhmdtm‡k‡ldmsm`r`k9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
,otcdmudknoodq
jt,l,otc,donhrrnmdmudknoo‡c`mrtmdedthkkd
,v`rdmshq
Ω,Ñ,v`ncdtq
,ohq`je`hqdtmohflfd+tma`qq`fdj`,l,ohq`j,nohflfd+a`qq`fd
Bdrdwdlokdrlnmsqdmsahdmptdk&‡k‡ldmsm`r`kodts·sqdr‡o`q‡cdk`
bnmrnmmd pth kd rths- Rthu`ms tmd sq`chshnm bk`rrhptd c`mr kd cnl`hmd
`sk`mshptd+hkbnmuhdmsc&dmuhr`fdqk`onrrhahkhs‡cdc‡bqhqdbdrog‡mnlflmdr
dmsdqldrc&`ksdqm`mbdrbnmrnm`mshptdr-Rhbdssdgxonsgflrdmdodtso`r·sqd
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Ognmnknfhd 26
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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udqadr ◊ ehm`kd ,B+ k` oq‡rdmbd cd bdssd unxdkkd m&drs o`r oq‡uhrhakd9 ,fns
aqÚkdq=»n,fnse`hscdaqÚkdq+,aÔc`bbdosdq=»Ô,aÔc,Ωe`hsc&`bbdosdq+
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unxdkkdehm`kd9,jΩmí‡bqhqd+sq`bdq=»Ô,jΩmí,Ωe`hsc&‡bqhqd+,iΩmis`lhrdq
= »Ô,iΩmi,h 9 e`hs cd s`lhrdq- Nm ` kd rdmshldms ptd k` k`mftd bgdqbgd ◊
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l`hr `cnosdms c`mr sntr kdr b`r kd onhms c&`qshbtk`shnm cd k` bnmrnmmd pth
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Ognmnknfhd 30
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d N N N N
Ô W N N N
n N N N N
h N N N N
t N N
Hbh+`tbtmdb`rdm&drsfqhr‡d-Bdodmc`ms+kdrbnlahm`hrnmrcdrcdfq‡r
hmsdql‡ch`hqdrcdldtqdmsodteq‡ptdmsdr-BdbhdrscÚontqo`qshd`te`hsptd
kdr l`qptdr cd bk`rrd oq‡ehw‡dr `t mnl rtahrrdms k&hmektdmbd ct cdfq‡
c&ntudqstqd cd k` oqdlhflqd unxdkkd cd k` q`bhmd kdwhb`kd 'be- o- 055(- Bd
og‡mnlflmd+ `rrnbh‡ ◊ k&`ardmbd cd bnlahm`hrnmr cdr unxdkkdr cdr cdfq‡r
hmsdql‡ch`hqdr `t rdhm ct kdwhptd+ odqlds cd o`qkdq c&g`qlnmhr`shnm
unb`khptd-
Kdrrdtkdrbnlahm`hrnmrcnmsk`eq‡ptdmbddrsqdl`qpt`akdhlokhptdms
k`unxdkkd`9`'B(`c`mrkdkdwhptd+`'B(`dsÔ'B(`c`mrkdchrbntqr-Cde`hs+
kdr s`akd`tw bh,cdrrtr md enms `oo`q`Âsqd `tbtmd bnlahm`hrnm q`qd `udb k`
unxdkkd `+ pth drs `ssdrs‡d c`mr k` l`inqhs‡ cdr bnlahm`hrnmr cd unxdkkdr+
`trrh ahdm c`mr kd kdwhptd '48 $( ptd c`mr kd chrbntqr '53 $(- K` oktr
fq`mcdeq‡ptdmbdcdrbnlahm`hrnmrbnmsdm`ms`c`mrkdchrbntqrr&dwokhptd
o`q r` oq‡rdmbd oq‡onmc‡q`msd `t rdhm cdr tmhs‡r fq`ll`shb`kdr cd k`

33
Ognmnknfhd
k`mftd-Cdoktr+bdqs`hmrlnqogflldrbnlonqsdmstmdunxdkkdoktrntlnhmr
ro‡bheh‡ddmrsqtbstqd+pth`cnosdkdshlaqdcdk`unxdkkdrthu`msd9kdoq‡ehwd
cdk`bk`rrdMU'oq‡ehwdmnlhm`kdsoq‡ehwdudqa`k◊k&`bbnlokh(+k`l`qptd
cd k&`bbnlokh+ k` m‡f`shnm cd k&`bbnlokh 'enqld 'm(jU,(+ k` l`qptd ct
bnmr‡btshe'enqldj@,(-Bdsxodcdbnlonqsdldmsmdodtsptdqdmenqbdqkdr
hm‡f`khs‡rbnmrs`s‡dr`trdhmctkdwhptd-
Nmqdkfludc`u`ms`fdcdbnlahm`hrnmrq`qdr'30$(`trdhmcdrsdwsdr
ptd c`mr kd kdwhptd '22$(+ l`hr `trrh c`u`ms`fd cd bnlahm`hrnmr
eq‡ptdmsdr'1.0(-
4-1 Kdrbnmrnmmdr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
4-1-0 Eq‡ptdmbd`arnktdcdrbnmrnmmdrdm$'sntsdronrhshnmrbnmenmctdr(
Q@BHMDR SDWSDR
o 3+2 0+4
s 6+2 5+7
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j 0/+7 05+2
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a 4+3 3+4
c 8+/ 5+3
i 2+4 0+4
f 3+2 2+8
fa 0+3 0+3
l 6+4 0/+3
m 04+0 11+5
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Sns 0// 0//
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sg‡nqhptd( cd bg`btmd cdr bnmrnmmdr drs cd 4+5 $- Kdr bnmrnmmdr j ds m
c‡o`rrdms cd ad`tbnto k` ELS- Nm bnmrs`sd fkna`kdldms kd l·ld
og‡mnlflmdpt&`udbkdrunxdkkdr9kdchrbntqrrdlakddw`bdqadqkdrhm‡f`khs‡r
nardqu‡dr `t rdhm ct kdwhptd- K&‡b`qs lnxdm o`rrd dm deeds cd 1+7 ◊ 3+2-
Bdodmc`ms+ hk e`ts x qdf`qcdq cd oktr oqflr9 bdqs`hmr ognmflldr eq‡ptdmsr
c`mr kd kdwhptd rd q`q‡ehdms c`mr kd chrbntqr- C&`tsqdr oq‡rdmsdms tmd
u`qh`shnmhmudqrd9

Ognmnknfhd 34
*c`mrkdkdwhptd9o+s+í+r+jo+a+c+i+f+Ë+q
*c`mrkdchrbntqr9j+l+m+»+x+v
K`khrsdcdrognmflldrcnmsk`eq‡ptdmbddrsrto‡qhdtqdc`mrkdchrbntqr
drs+ ◊ tmd dwbdoshnm oqflr+ k` khrsd cdr bnmrnmmdr pth odtudms ehftqdq ◊
k&hmhsh`kdcdroq‡ehwdrcdbk`rrd9
jdrshmhsh`kdcdrbk`rrdrJ@dsJN
ldrshmhsh`kdcdk`bk`rrdLN
mdrshmhsh`kdcdk`bk`rrdMU
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xdrshmhsh`kdcdk`bk`rrdX@
vdrshmhsh`kdcdk`bk`rrdVN
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Hk qdrsd cdtw bk`rrdr cnms kdr l`qptdr bnlonqsdms tmd bnmrnmmd9 k`
bk`rrdA@+pthdrssqflrl`qfhm`kd'be-o-10/(+dsk`bk`rrdL+cnmsk`l`qptd
drskdoktrrntudmstmdbnmrnmmdm`r`kdcdl·ldonhmsc&`qshbtk`shnmptdk`
bnmrnmmd rthu`msd- Cd e`hs+ k` eq‡ptdmbd f‡m‡q`kd cdr m`r`kdr o`rrd cd
2/+6$c`mrkdkdwhptd◊32+8$c`mrkdchrbntqr-
Kdr cdtw s`akd`tw rthu`msr oq‡rdmsdms kdr l·ldr cnmm‡dr ptd bh,
cdrrtr+l`hrdmbk`rr`mskdrognmflldro`qnqcqdrdso`qr‡qhdr9
Kdwhptd'q`bhmdr(
k`a- cdms- q‡sqne- o`k`s- u‡k- k`a,u- Sns`k Lnx
rntqcdr o 3+2 s 6+2 í 4+0 r 4+4 j 0/+7 jo 1+3 24+3 4+8
rnmnqdr a 4+3 c 8+/ i 2+4 f 3+2 fa 0+3 12+5 3+6
m`r`kdr l 6+4 m 04+0 Ë 1+2 » 4+7 2/+6 6+6
bnmshmtdr q 7+3 x /+8 v 0+/ 0/+2 2+3
Sns`k 06+1 28+7 4+0 01+1 1/+8 3+7 0//
Lnx 4+6 0/ 4+0 2+0 6 0+5
Sdwsdr
k`a- cdms- q‡sqne- o`k`s- u‡k- k`a,u- Sns`k Lnx
rntqcdr o 0+4 s 5+7 í 0+4 r 1+1 j 05+2 jo /+5 17+8 3+7
rnmnqdr a 3+4 c 5+3 i 0+4 f 2+8 fa 0+3 06+6 2+4
m`r`kdr l 0/+3 m 11+5 Ë 0+6 » 8+1 32+8 00
bnmshmtdr q 2+7 x 2+6 v 1+/ 8+4 2+1
Sns`k 05+3 28+5 0+4 8+0 18+3 3+/ 0//
Lnx 4+0 8+8 0+4 1+2 6+3 0+2
Ptdk ptd rnhs kd bnqotr bnmrhc‡q‡+ kdr r‡qhdr kdr oktr eq‡ptdmsdr rnms
kdrrntqcdrdskdrm`r`kdr+dskdrnqcqdrkdroktreq‡ptdmsrrnmskdrcdms`kdrds
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lnqogflldr sqflr eq‡ptdlldms dloknx‡r- Bdodmc`ms+ dkkd drs ‡f`kdldms
l`mhedrsdc`mrkdkdwhptd-Hkx`odts,·sqdtmq`ooqnbgdldms◊e`hqddmsqdk`
fq`mcd eq‡ptdmbd cd bdqs`hmr ognmflldr c`mr kd rxrsflld ds k` oq‡rdmbd cd
bdrl·ldrognmflldr`trdhmcdrlnqogflldrkdroktrdloknx‡r---

35
Ognmnknfhd
4-1-1 Bnlahm`snhqdcdrbnmrnmmdr
K` l‡sgncd tshkhr‡d drs k` l·ld ptd ontq kdr unxdkkdr 'be- o- 31(- Nm
q`oodkkdptdkdrb`rdrfqhr‡drrhfm`kdmsk&`ardmbdc&`ssdrs`shnm-
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
R‡ptdmbdrB 0 UB 1 c`mrkdkdwhptd'khfmdr9B0+bnknmmdr9B1(9
o s í r j jo a c i f fa l m Ë » q x v
o N W N N W N N W N W N
s N N N W N N W W N N
í N N N N N N N
r W N N W W N W N N
j W W N W N N W W W N
jo N N N N N N N W N N
a N N N W N W N N N
c W N N N W W
i N N N N W N N N
f N N N N N N N W N N
fa N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
l N N N N W N N
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Ë N N N N N N N N N N
» N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
q W N W W W N N
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o s í r j jo a c i f fa l m Ë » q x v
o N N N N N N N N N N N
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í N N N N N N N N N N N N
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jo N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
a N N W N N N W N N N
c N N N W N N N W N
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Ë N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
» N W W W N
q W N N N N N N N
x N N W N N W N N N
v N N N N N N N N N N N N

Ognmnknfhd 36
03 Bds`two`rrd◊16$rhk&nmbnmrhcflqdkdbnqotrsdwstdktel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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fq`mcd pt`mshs‡ cdr bnlahm`hrnmr q`qdr 'l`qpt‡dr N(9 37$ cdr
bnlahm`hrnmr ontq kd kdwhptd ds 41$ ontq kdr sdwsdr nms tmd eq‡ptdmbd
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oq‡rdmsdmso`q`hkkdtqrk`oktrfq`mcdeq‡ptdmbd`arnktd-Nmmnsdsntsdenhr
pt&`trdhmcdrr‡ptdmbdrB 0 UB 1 +j`oo`q`Âsc`u`ms`fddmB 0 dsmc`u`ms`fd
dmB 1 -Kdrs`akd`twoq‡bhrentqmhrdm`mmdwdodqldssdmscdu‡qhehdqptdbdr
cdtw ognmflldr oq‡rdmsdms tm bnlonqsdldms pth odts ·sqd ‡sdmct `tw
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hcdmshptdr rnms `rrdy q`qdr- Bdqs`hmdr c&dmsqd dkkdr ehftqdms `t rdhm cd
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dkkdr rnms fkna`kdldms q‡rdqu‡dr ◊ bdqs`hmr sxodr cd u`kdtqr+ ptd k&nm odts
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bhmdbnmsdm`mso`rk&dmrdlakdcdrq`bhmdrkdwhb`kdrq‡odqsnqh‡dr-

37
Ognmnknfhd
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Bdrs`akd`twcnmmdmsk&hmudms`hqddsk`eq‡ptdmbdcdrbnmrnmmdrdmonrhshnm
hmhs`kdcdlns+dmonrhshnmhmsdqunb`khptd ds dm onrhshnm ehm`kd 'hk r&`fhs cd
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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UBU 002 436 00/ 028 0218 4/ 266 444 033 011 45 2/3 724 02/ 55 276 1/ 84
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Hk `oo`q`Âs bk`hqdldms pt&hk m&x ` `tbtmd qdrsqhbshnm cd oqhmbhod `t
mhud`tcdronrhshnmrcdrbnmrnmmdrl·ldrhbdqs`hmdrbnmrnmmdr'fa+í+q(
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cdrb`trdrlnqognknfhptdr-

Ognmnknfhd 38
4-2 Kdrbnlahm`hrnmrB,U
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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drsoq‡onmc‡q`msd+kdrcdtw`tsqdru`kdtqrrnmsrdmrhakdldms‡f`kdr-
Rdtkdrcdtwbnmrnmmdroq‡rdmsdmstmdl`inqhs‡qdk`shudcdH9k&tmddrs
k`ahn,u‡k`hqd 'fa(+ k&`tsqd mnm 'r(- K` rdbnmcd k`ahn,u‡k`hqd 'jo( drs
c&`hkkdtqr ‡f`kdldms c‡ehbhs`hqd ontq T- Dm qdu`mbgd+ kdr k`ah`kdr ds kdr
u‡k`hqdrnbbktrhudrnq`kdroq‡rdmsdmssntsdrtmdl`inqhs‡cdT-Kdrm`r`kdr
`hmrhptdvnmscdru`kdtqr◊odtoqflr‡f`kdrontqHdsT-
Ahdmptdk`bnmrnmmds`eehbgdtmdl`inqhs‡cdT+k&‡b`qsdmsqdTdsH
drslnhmrmdsptdontqkdr`tsqdrbnmrnmmdr-Bdssdqdl`qptdu`ts‡f`kdldms
ontqr+pthoq‡rdmsdc`u`ms`fdcdHptdcdT-O`qlhkdrbnmrnmmdrbdmsq`kdr+
rdtkrqdsxoq‡rdmsdmstmmdsc‡ehbhscdH-Kdru`kdtqrontqxrnmsbdodmc`ms
`rrdye`hakdr+dscdbde`hslnhmrrhfmhehb`shudr-
Kdrdtkog‡mnlflmdhmrnkhsddrsehm`kdldmsk&‡b`qsbnmrs`s‡ontqTdmsqd
c&tmdo`qskdrnbbktrhudrnq`kdrk`ah`kdrdsu‡k`hqdr'*T(dsc&`tsqdo`qskdr
nbbktrhudrk`ahn,u‡k`hqdr'*Hnt,T(-Nm`k&hloqdrrhnmptdkdrsq`hsrZk`ah`k\
ds Zu‡k`hqd\ rnms rntlhr ◊ cdr khlhsdr `t rdhm cdr r‡ptdmbdr BU9 kdr

Ognmnknfhd 40
unxdkkdr q‡tmhdr rntr kd rxlankd T rnms onrs‡qhdtqdr+ sq`hs ptd k&nm odts
`rrhlhkdq`tsq`hsZu‡k`hqd\-Dkkdrrnms‡f`kdldms`qqnmchdr+bdpth‡unptdkd
sq`hs Zk`ah`k\- K` bnlahm`hrnm cd bdr cdtw sq`hsr rtq tmd rdtkd bnmrnmmd
`tq`hscnmbsdmc`mbd◊dlo·bgdqptdbdrsq`hsrrnhdms‡f`kdldmsoq‡rdmsrrtq
k` unxdkkd pth rths- K&hmsdqoq‡s`shnm hmudqrd pth `ssqhatd ◊ k` unxdkkd k`
b`o`bhs‡c&hmektdmbdqk`bnmrnmmdpthoq‡bflcddrs‡f`kdldmsdmuhr`fd`akdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008

41
Ognmnknfhd
5 Oqnrnchd9`bbdmsdsknmftdtqunb`khptd
K&dwhrsdmbd cd chee‡qdmbdr cd g`tsdtq `eedbs`ms kdr rxkk`adr bnmcths ◊
dmuhr`fdqk`onrrhahkhs‡c&tmrxsflldsnm`k-Bdssdgxonsgflrdmdodtso`r·sqd
sns`kdldmsqdids‡d+l`hrnmudqq`ptdkdre`hsrnardqu‡rrnmssqnoc‡qnts`msr
ontqkthcnmmdq+◊bdrs`cdcdk`cdrbqhoshnm+tmdq‡dkkdbnmrhrs`mbdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdrog‡mnlflmdroqnrnchptdrrnmscdsqnhrdroflbdr9k`knmftdtqunb`khptd+
k&`bbdmsdsk&hmsnm`shnm-Nmsq`hsdq`hbhtmhptdldmscdrcdtwoqdlhdqr+k&‡stcd
cd k&hmsnm`shnm m‡bdrrhs`ms tmd bnloq‡gdmrhnm cd k` k`mftd ad`tbnto oktr
ehmd ptd bdkkd ◊ k`ptdkkd mntr ontunmr oq‡sdmcqd- Nm r&`ss`bgdq` dm
o`qshbtkhdq◊c‡lnmsqdqptdkdru`qh`shnmrcdg`tsdtqdscdctq‡dm&nmso`rcd
rs`stsognmnknfhptd-Bdodmc`ms+k&gxonsgflrdrdknmk`ptdkkdbdrog‡mnlflmdr
ontqq`hdms·sqddmbntqrcdognmnknfhr`shnmm&drso`r◊‡b`qsdq+mnmoktrptd
k&gxonsgflrdhmudqrd-
Oq‡bhrnmr snts cd rthsd ptd k&`bbdms ds k` knmftdtq unb`khptd md rnms
o`r kh‡r9 tmd unxdkkd knmftd odts ·sqd nt mnm `bbdmst‡d+ ds tmd rxkk`ad
`bbdmst‡dodtsntmnmbnmsdmhqtmdunxdkkdknmftd-
5-0 K&`bbdms
Hkr&`fhsrtqsntsc&tm`bbdmscdg`tsdtql`hr`trrh+c`mrtmdbdqs`hmdldrtqd+
c&hmsdmrhs‡-Hkdrsonqs‡o`qk`rxkk`ad+pthodts·sqdq‡cthsd◊tmdbnmrnmmd
m`r`kd- C`mr kd b`r n k&`bbdms drs onqs‡ o`q tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd+ hk drs
‡udmstdkkdldmsqdonqs‡rtqk`unxdkkdoq‡b‡cdmsd9
Ë´,Ën9d`t
ˉ,mhË´,Ën9idanhrcdk&d`t=Zˉm‰ËËn\
Tmd rxkk`ad `bbdmst‡d drs cnmb b`q`bs‡qhr‡d o`q tm mnx`t
'f‡m‡q`kdldms tmd unxdkkd( cns‡ c&tmd g`tsdtq bnmsq`rshudldms ‡kdu‡d- Tm
`bbdmsbnlahm`msg`tsdtqdshmsdmrhs‡`‡s‡nardqu‡dmhrnk`shnm+`tbntqrcd
k&dmpt·sdkdwhb`kd-
K&`bbdmsm&`eedbsdo`rcdk`l·lde`finmsntsdrkdrb`s‡fnqhdrc&tmhs‡r-
Dm o`qshbtkhdq+ kdr mnlr ds kdr udqadr oq‡rdmsdms c`mr bd cnl`hmd cdr
b`q`bs‡qhrshptdrchee‡qdmsdr-
5-0-0 K&gxonsgflrdsnm`kd

Ognmnknfhd 42
5-0-1 Kdrmnlr
@trdhmcdrmnlr+k`onrhshnmcdk&`bbdmsdrsqdk`shudldmskhaqddsrtidssd◊
ptdkptdrektbst`shnmr+bnlldk&hkktrsqdmskdrdwdlokdrrthu`msr+nk`enqld
cdbhs`shnmdrsbnmeqnms‡d`twnbbtqqdmbdrcdrl·ldrmnlrc`mrkdrsdwsdr9
Ω,lÿm9qhy
j`,j∏sΩ9bq`ad
,mfax`9dme`ms
j`,cÔl‰9ohqnftd
ZΩl`m\+Z∏l`m\+ZΩlÿm\
Zj`j∏s∏\+Zj`j∏sΩ\
ZÔmfax`\+Zmfax`\+ZÔmfaxÿ\+Zmfaxÿ\
Zj`cÍlh\+Zjÿcnl‰\+Zj`cÍl‰\
05 Kdrsdmc`mbdrdsrs`shrshptdrpthrthudmsoqnuhdmmdmscdk&dw`ldmcdrenqldrhrnk‡dr-Nm`
utoktrg`tspt&dmbnmsdwsd+kdbnlonqsdldmscdk&`bbdmsdrsqdk`shudldmshloq‡uhrhakdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
K&dw`ldm ct bnmsdwsd md odqlds o`r cd oq‡unhq k` ok`bd cd k&`bbdms-
Tmd l·ld tmhs‡ odts ·sqd `bdmst‡d cd oktrhdtqr e`finmr c`mr cdr
dmuhqnmmdldmsrnrdrenmbshnmrrxms`whptdrds`rrdqshudrrnms‡pthu`kdmsdr-
@hmrh+`udbkdmnlΩ,la`uhkk`fd9
x`,rΩlΩm∏ xÿ,nj `l ∏,la`
YA-invité YA.acc-être à E-village
kdrhmuhs‡rrnms`tuhkk`fd
x`,sÍ xÿ,rnl `l Ω,laÿ
YA-quelqu'un YA.acc-être nombreux à E-village
hkx`ad`tbntocdlnmcd`tuhkk`fd
Bdr u`qh`shnmr rnms odts,·sqd ctdr ◊ cdr hmsdqe‡qdmbdr dmsqd `bbdms ds
hmsnm`shnm-Kdrenqldrbhs‡drhrnk‡ldmsrnmsoktrrs`akdr+l`hrnmqdmbnmsqd
fi◊dsk◊cdrchee‡qdmbdrdmsqdkdrhmenql`sdtqr9
Ω,`q`9o`klhdq◊gthkd
mt,mjtmcd9sntqsdqdkkdro-
»n,jonj,`sΩ9antbgnm
Zxÿÿq`\}Zx``qÿ\
ZmÒmjtmcd\}ZmtmjÒmc‡\
Z»njonjÿsΩ\}Z»njoÍj`sΩ\
Bdssd hmrs`ahkhs‡+ `ints‡d `t e`hs pt&hk m&` o`r ‡s‡ sqntu‡ cd o`hqd
lhmhl`kd `bbdmstdkkd+ hmbhsd ◊ qdidsdq k&hmsdqoq‡s`shnm snm`kd cd k&tr`fd pth
drse`hscdk`g`tsdtq-Nmontqq`hsqdfqntodqkdrog‡mnlflmdr`bbdmstdkrrntr
k&‡shptdssdc&hmsnm`shnm+dsr&dmsdmhqk◊ontqkdrq`hrnmrhmunpt‡droktrg`ts-
L`hrcdrq‡ftk`qhs‡rdwhrsdms 05 +l`kfq‡kdrdwbdoshnmr9
@-Hkm&x`+dmf‡m‡q`k+o`roktrc&tmdrxkk`ad`bbdmst‡do`qlns-C`mr
kdb`rctmnl+kdlnsdrsk&dmrdlakdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrd*a`rdkdwhb`kd-Bdssd
qflfkd drs u`k`akd ontq 86$ cdr mnlr cd 2 rxkk`adr nt lnhmr+ ds dmbnqd
73$ cdr mnlr cd 3 rxkk`adr nt oktr- Bdr cdqmhdqr oq‡rdmsdms o`qenhr tm

43
Ognmnknfhd
`bbdmsrdbnmc`hqd+cnmsk`g`tsdtql‡knchptddrstmodthme‡qhdtqd◊bdkkdcd
k&`bbdmsoqhmbho`k-Bdcdqmhdqdrsrntkhfm‡c`mrk&dwdlokdrthu`ms9
d,xhmcÔmh9`qaqdro-
Zd,x‰m,cÔ,m‰\
A-K&`bbdmsmdonqsdo`r'◊8/$(rtqkdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrd-K&dmrdlakd
cdrmnlr‡s`msdml`inqhs‡bnlonr‡cdchrrxkk`adrdscdsqhrxkk`adr'oq‡ehwd
cd bk`rrd bnloqhr(+ hk q‡rtksd cd bdssd bnmsq`hmsd ptd k&`bbdms sntbgd k`
o‡mtkshflldntk`cdqmhflqdrxkk`ad-Dme`hs+kdrdwbdoshnmrbnmbdqmdmsontqk`
okto`qs kdr chrrxkk`adr+ pth unhdms kdtq oq‡ehwd `bbdmst‡ c`mr 12$ cdr b`r
'rnhs 6/ $ cdr dwbdoshnmr(- Rh k&nm qdenqltkd k` sdmc`mbd `hmrh9 !k&`bbdms
cnhsonqsdqrtqk`o‡mtkshflldntk`cdqmhflqdrxkk`ad!+nmsqntuddmbnqd8$
c&dwbdoshnmr-K`onrhshnmcdk&`bbdmsdrsq‡rtl‡do`qkds`akd`trthu`ms9
,Tm rdtk `bbdms oqhmbho`k rtq kdr enqldr bntqsdr+ tm `bbdms rdbnmc`hqd
ontu`ms‡udmstdkkdldms`oo`q`Âsqdrtqcdrenqldroktrknmftdrtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
o‡mtkshflld cdqmhflqd `tsqdr sns`k
chrrxkk`adr 6/ 13/ / 20/
sqhrxkk`adr 107 1/8 22 35/
pt`cqhrxkk`adr 41 4/ 24 026
4,rxkk`adr 07 1 0/ 2/
5,rxkk`adr 1 / 1 3
SNS@K 25/ 4/0 7/ 830
27$ 42$ 8$
Bdssd chrsqhatshnm cd k&`bbdms md kth odqlds o`r cd qdlokhq ◊ okdhm k`
enmbshnmc‡l`qb`shudpt&nmontqq`hskthbqnhqdc‡unktd-Kdrdwbdoshnmr`tw
!qflfkdr!rnmsdmdeedssqnomnlaqdtrdrontqptd+c`mrk`bg`Âmdo`qk‡d+kdr
tmhs‡rrnhdmsbk`hqdldmsc‡khlhs‡dr-Mntr`kknmrunhqptdkdqÎkdcdk&`bbdms
`trdhmctrxrsflldudqa`kdrssqflrchee‡qdms+dsad`tbntooktrdeehb`bd-
5-0-2 Kdrxrsflldudqa`k
Hkdrsb`q`bs‡qhr‡o`qtmdnoonrhshnmahm`hqd'`bbnlokh.hm`bbnlokh(dmqhbghd
c&tm enhrnmmdldms cd lnqogflldr+ ro‡bh`khr‡r c`mr k&dwoqdrrhnm cd k`
m‡f`shnm nt cd bdqs`hmdr u`kdtqr lnc`kdr- Dm `mshbho`ms tm odt rtq k`
cdrbqhoshnm lnqognknfhptd+ nm c‡ehmhs tmd enqld udqa`kd bnlld tm
dmrdlakd enql‡ c&tmd q`bhmd udqa`kd 'b&drs k&‡k‡ldms kdwhb`k( ds cd chudqr
`eehwdr- Bdqs`hmr rnms nakhf`snhqdr+ bnlld k&hmchbd rtids ds k` l`qptd
`rodbstdkkd+ kdr `tsqdr rnms e`btks`sher9 m‡f`shnm+ bdqs`hmr oqnmnlr naidsr+
‡k‡ldmsr ◊ u`kdtq lnc`kd nt sdlonqdkkd- Dm ntsqd+ tmd enqld udqa`kd drs
`eedbs‡dc&tmrbgflld`bbdmstdkpthq`oodkkdo`qbdqs`hmrsq`hsrbdpth`‡s‡
c‡bqhsoktrg`ts◊oqnonrcdrmnlr9

Ognmnknfhd 44
,K`onrhshnmcdk&`bbdmsrdlakd bnmsq`hmsd rh k&nm rd khlhsd ◊ k&dw`ldm cdr
enqldrhrnk‡dr+l`hrnmnardquddmbnmsdwsdcdru`qh`shnmrrdmrhakdr-
O`qlhkdr`eehwdrpthodtudmsdmsntqdqtmdq`bhmdudqa`kd+bdqs`hmrrd
sqntudms ·sqd cd k` l·ld enqld rdfldms`kd+ ds odtudms nbbtodq k` l·ld
onrhshnm`oo`qdmsd 06 -O`qdwdlokd+nmqdkfludcdtwoq‡ehwdrcdenqld,jU'U
drstmdunxdkkdcdshlaqdhcdmshptd◊bdkkdpthrthshll‡ch`sdldms(-K&tmdrs
ontqutc&tmdu`kdtqc‡ehmhdbnlld!bnmr‡btshe! 07 +k&`tsqdenqldk`m‡f`shnm
cdk&`bbnlokh9
q`bhmdudqa`kd,c`udmhq9
Ô,j`,c`9pt&hkuhdmmd}hkm&drso`rudmt
Kdrcdtwu`kdtqrcdbdssdenqldudqa`kdmdr&noonrdmsdme`hsptdo`q
k&`bbdms9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Ô,j`,cÿ9pt&hkuhdmmd
Ô,jÿ,c`9hkm&drso`rudmt
Kd,jUcdk`m‡f`shnmcdk&`bbnlokhdrscnmb`bbdmst‡+`knqrptdkd,jU
cd bnmr‡btshe md k&drs o`r- K` rhst`shnm drs dm e`hs oktr bnlokdwd+ b`q k`
enqld rhlokd drs ,c` hk drs udmt+ `udb k&`bbdms rtq k&hmchbd rtids- K`
oq‡rdmbdc&tm‡k‡ldmsrtook‡ldms`hqd`ontqdeedscdoqhudqk&hmchbdrtidscd
rnm`bbdms-K`chee‡qdmbddmsqdkdrcdtw‡mnmb‡ronqsdcnmbc`u`ms`fdrtqkd
rbgflld`bbdmstdkcdk`enqldudqa`kddmshflqdptdrtqkdb`q`bsflqd`bbdmst‡
ntmnmc&tmlnqogflldo`qshbtkhdq-Nmdmsqntudk`bnmehql`shnmc`mrkde`hs
ptd bdqs`hmdr enqldr+ ptd k&`bbdms ontqq`hs `hr‡ldms odqldssqd cd
chee‡qdmbhdq+ cdldtqdms m‡`mlnhmr `lahft‚r- O`q dwdlokd+ k&noonrhshnm
c&`rodbsdrsl`qpt‡do`qtmdu`qh`shnmcdk`unxdkkdcdrhmchbdrodqrnmmdkr9
,h ontq k&hm`bbnlokh+ ,U '< l·ld shlaqd ptd k` unxdkkd rthu`msd( ontq
k&`bbnlokh9ˉ,c`9iduhdmr.Ëÿ,c`9idrthrudmt-@udbkdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdr
cnmsk`unxdkkddrsh+kdrcdtwenqldrrnmsbnmenmctdr9 ˉ,qh` id l`mfd }
i&`hl`mf‡-Kdl·ldoqnakflldrdonrd`udbk&hmchbdrtidscdbk`rrdH9h,v‡
‰,c`kdrbgfluqdruhdmmdms}rnmsudmtdr-
O`qenhrbdodmc`ms+k&`bbdmsodqldsc&noonrdqkdrcdtw`rodbsr-B&drskd
b`r `udb k&‡k‡ldms ,a`+ ◊ u`kdtq cd uhqstdk9 tshkhr‡ `udb k&hm`bbnlokh+ hk
cnmmd ◊ k` enqld udqa`kd tmd u`kdtq cd etstq: `udb k&`bbnlokh+ nm nashdms
tmdu`kdtqc&gxonsgflrd-K&‡k‡ldms,a`drssntintqr`bbdmst‡+l`hrtmrdbnmc
`bbdmslnahkdnoonrdkdrcdtwenqldr9
xÿ,c`9hkruhdmmdms}hkrrnmsudmtr
x`,aÿ,cÿ9hkruhdmcqnms.xÿ,aÿ,c`9r&hkruhdmmdms
06 Be-o-255-
07 R`enqldrsqtbstqdkkddrsoktsÎsj@,'be-o-244(-

45
Ognmnknfhd
K&`bbdmsrdbnmc`hqddrssntsdenhrhmrs`akd+dmo`qshbtkhdqontqk`enqld
◊k&`bbnlokh-Hkrdlakddmdeedsq‡rdqu‡`twhmchbdrrtidsrcnmsk`unxdkkddrs
`+ b&drs,◊,chqd kdr hmchbdr odqrnmmdkr 'othrptd kdtq unxdkkd bnohdms ◊
k&`bbnlokh bdkkd cd ,a`( ds kdr hmchbdr cdr bk`rrdr X@+ J@+ ô@ ds A@-
Qdoqdmnmrkdr‡mnmb‡rbh,cdrrtrdme`hr`msu`qhdqk&hmchbdrtids9
‰,c`9hkruhdmmdms}hkrrnmsudmtr 'o-dw-h,anníhkdrbghdmr(
h,aÿ,cÿ9hkruhdmcqnms.h,aÿ,c`9r&hkruhdmmdms
K&`bbdmsodqlds`trrhcdchee‡qdmbhdqcdrenqldrcdl·ld`rodbsl`hr
noonr‡dro`qc&`tsqdrsq`hsr9
Ò,c`9hkuhdms.t,cÿ9b&drskthpthuhdms
`,l‰,c`9stmduhdmro`r.ÿ,lh,c`9b&drssnhpthuhdmr
lÿ,c`9stdrudmt.l`,cÿ9uhdmr 08
',c`9hkmduhdmso`r(
'l‰,c`9stuhdmr(
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Fkna`kdldms+ ds l`kfq‡ cdr dwbdoshnmr mnm m‡fkhfd`akdr+ k&`bbdms
!udqa`k! drs cns‡ c&tmd u‡qhs`akd enmbshnm chrshmbshud- Bdkkd,bh r&dwoqhld
drrdmshdkkdldmsrtqcdrenqldrudqa`kdr‡sdmctdr+b&drs,◊,chqdbnmsdm`mscdr
‡k‡ldmsrmnmrsqhbsdldmsm‡bdrr`hqdr-K&hlonqs`mbdcdbds`bbdms odts ·sqd
hkktrsq‡d o`q k` oq‡rdmbd+ c`mr bdqs`hmdr bhqbnmrs`mbdr sqflr oq‡bhrdr+ c&tmd
u`qh`shnml‡knchptdonqs`msrtqtmdrdtkdrxkk`ad9k&`bbnlokhctudqad,in»
unhq drs enql‡ o`q rteehw`shnm c&tm ‡k‡ldms ,Ω 1/ + kdr hmchbdr odqrnmmdkr
oqdm`msk`enqldg`ahstdkkdontqk&`bbnlokh'unxdkkdhcdmshptd◊bdkkdcdk`
q`bhmd(9ËÍ,in»,Ωi&`hut-Bdssdenqlddrsq‡`khr‡dËÍiΩdmudqstcdk`qflfkd
c&dee`bdldms cd » hmsdqunb`khptd 10 ds ct bnlonqsdldms cdr unxdkkdr dm
bnms`bs-K&`bbdmscnhso`qenhronqsdqrtqk`q`bhmdudqa`kdrdtkd+mns`lldms
`udbkdrenqldrenb`khr`msdrctudqad 11 -@udbkdudqad,in»unhq+k`q`bhmd
‡s`msq‡cthsd◊k`bnmrnmmdi,+k&`bbdmsdrsqdonqs‡rtqk`ehm`kd,Ω-K`l`qptd
`rodbstdkkd m&drs o`r bdmr‡d ·sqd `bbdmst‡d+ l`hr dkkd k&drs ct e`hs cd k`
q‡ctbshnm cd k` q`bhmd kdwhb`kd- Kdr sq`hsr Z* `bbdms\ ds Zè `bbdms\ rd
bnlahmdmsrtqk`l·ldunxdkkd-Hkdmq‡rtksdtmdlnctk`shnmcdrbdmc`msd-
Bdr bnmchshnmr rnms qdlokhdr ontq kdr enqldr rthu`msdr9 x`,m,iÍ»,Ω 9 bd
rnmsdtwpthnmsut=Zx`miπ\+Ô,m,iÍ»,Ω9b&drskthpth`ut=ZÔmiπ\-Kdr
enqldrrhlokdrbnqqdronmc`msdrrnmsqdrodbshudldmsxÿiΩhkrnmsutdsiΩhk
`ut-
08 Kdrenqldrcdk&hlo‡q`shernmssntintqrrdfldms`kdldmshcdmshptdr◊bdkkdrcdk&`bbnlokh-
Be-o-041-
1/ Be-o-207-
10 Be-o-27-
11 Be-o-247-

Ognmnknfhd 46
5-0-3 Kdr`tsqdrtmhs‡r
Ontqkdrb`s‡fnqhdr`tsqdrptdbdkkdrctudqaddsctmnl 12 +nmmnsdkdre`hsr
`bbdmstdkrrthu`msr9
,K`oq‡rdmbdcdk&`bbdmsdrshloq‡uhrhakdrtqkdroqnmnlrnaidsr'pthu`qhdms
rdknmkdrbk`rrdr+l`hrmdc‡o`rrdmsi`l`hrtmdrxkk`ad(-
,Hkmdsntbgdi`l`hrkdrbnmmdbshermhkdroq‡onrhshnmr-
,Hk `eedbsd u`qh`akdldms kdr c‡sdqlhm`msr ro`sh`tw9 ehm`k rtq kdr
c‡lnmrsq`shercdoqnwhlhs‡dsc&‡knhfmdldms+hmhsh`krtqkdr`m`ognqhptdr-
,Kd c‡sdqlhm`ms `cudqah`k c‰j‰c‰j snts+ sntr drs f‡m‡q`kdldms `bbdmst‡
c`mrr`sns`khs‡-Bdssdo`qshbtk`qhs‡drsoqna`akdldmsc&nqhfhmddwoqdrrhud-
5-0-4 Bnmbktrhnmrtqk&`bbdms
12 Tmhmudms`hqdcdro`qshdrctchrbntqrdrsoq‡rdms‡o-54dsrthu`msdrtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdr b`q`bs‡qhrshptdr cd k&`bbdms dm ahinfn ontqq`hdms e`hqd odmrdq ◊ tm
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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0/1
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0/3
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0/5
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0/7
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3-0-0/ K`oq‡onrhshnm`jh
Sqflrq`qdldms`ssdrs‡+`jh‡s`akhstmq`oonqsc&‡pthu`kdmbd-Dkkdqdrrdlakddm
bdk` `t eq`mfi`hr bnlld+ `udb k` q‡rdqud pt&dkkd md odts hmsqncthqd pt&tm
bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k- R` unxdkkd ehm`kd drs dee`b‡d cdu`ms tmd unxdkkd
`ms‡qhdtqd-Nmk`qdmbnmsqd`oqflrtmudqadnt`oqflrtmmnl9

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 010
n,sn Ô,a`,l`cÔj `j'h( ΩË'Ô(+ a` t,in» s` at `j'h( ΩË'Ô(
O-qqn O.acc-virt-marabouter comme moi ou O.inac-voir de tête comme moi
rhptdkpt&tmoq`shptdk`rnqbdkkdqhdbnlldlnh+nt`cdruhrhnmrbnlldlnh
Ëh,chj,`j s` m,m`l n,sn `jh `lÔ
1s-vouloir-acc de sv-être O-qqn comme toi
iduntcq`hr·sqdbnlldsnh
3-0-00 K`oq‡onrhshnml`
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Bdssdoq‡onrhshnm+sqflrq`qdc`mrkdbnqotr+hmsqncthstmdqdk`shnmoq‡chb`shud-
Kdrbnmsq`hmsdrrxms`whptdrpthqflfkdmskdenmbshnmmdldmscdroq‡onrhshnmr
hmsdqchrdmskdrr‡ptdmbdroq‡onrhshnm,udqad-Deedbshudldms+tmudqadrhst‡◊
k` cqnhsd cd l` `cnosd tmd enqld mnlhm`kd+ dm k&nbbtqqdmbd k&hmehmhshe+
l`qpt‡o`qkdoq‡ehwdcdk`bk`rrdôN-
K`u`kdtqcdl`rdlakdontunhq·sqdc‡bqhsddmsdqldrc&nqhdms`shnmct
oqnbflr udqr tm ats+ bd pth ‡unptd kdr oq‡onrhshnmr knb`shudr- Kdr fknrdr
onrrhakdrcdl`rnmsontq+dmutdcd+`ehmcd---9
Ëh,a`,cÔ m,n l,anm`jh m'`( Ô,f---
1s.acc-virt-aller sv-aller sv-parler et O-pr
---l` »Ô,m`l` Ô,jd,sdi` »t,íha`jh s` `l at
pour ôO-dire O.acc-cons-diminuer ôO-penser de en tête
idu`hr`kkdqktho`qkdqontqpt&hk`qq·sdcdf`ladqfdq
Ô,Ë`j,Ω l` »n,n m,c`j`s »n,n »,`m
O.acc-se lever pour ôO-aller sv-faire ôO-chose ôO-dém
hkr&drskdu‡ontqe`hqdbdssdbgnrd
K&tshkhr`shnmcdl`m&drsonrrhakdptdrhk&`fdmsctudqad◊k&hmehmhshedrs
kdl·ldptdkdrtidscdk`enqldbnmitft‡d-C`mrkdb`rbnmsq`hqd+kdudqad
cd k` rtanqcnmm‡d drs ltmh cd k` l`qptd ct bnmr‡btshe+ bdkkd,bh ‡s`ms
hmsqncthsdo`q»Ôm`'khss‡q`kdldmschqd(9
n,ftcd Ô,c` »Ôm` Ô,j`msÔ Ô,jÔ,cÔ
O-homme O.acc-venir dire O-femme O.acc-cons-aller
k&gnllddrsudmtontqptdk`edlldr&dm`hkkd
K&hmsqnctbshnm cd l` `u`ms »Ôm` bg`mfdq`hs kd rdmr cd k&‡mnmb‡ dm9
k&gnlld drs udmt ontq chqd ◊ k` edlld cd o`qshq- B&drs cnmb l` pth
bnmrsqthsk`bnq‡e‡qdmbd+dml·ldsdlorpt&hkc‡a`qq`rrd»Ôm`cdrnmqÎkd
cdlnqogflldrtanqcnmm`ms-Kdenmbshnmmdldmscd»Ôm`drs‡unpt‡o-020-

011
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
3-0-01 K`oq‡onrhshnmjh
Bdssdoq‡onrhshnmrdlakdsnts◊e`hsl`qfhm`kd-C`mrkdbnqotr‡stch‡+dkkdmd
rdqdmbnmsqdptdc`mrtmrdtkbnmsdwsd9dmsqdkdudqad,cdo,`srthuqd+udmhq
`oqflrdstmoqnmnlodqrnmmdk9
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Ëh,a`,cdo`sjhÔf9iduhdmcq`hr`oqflrkth
Kd oqnakflld drs ptd+ c`mr bdqs`hmr ‡mnmb‡r `udb ,cdo`s * oqnmnl
odqrnmmdk+k`oq‡onrhshnmjhm&drso`rtshkhr‡d9
Ëh,cdo`sÔf9idkdrthr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdrcnmm‡drmdodqldssdmso`rcdr`unhqrhb&drsk&tshkhr`shnmcdenqldr
udqa`kdrchee‡qdmsdrpthc‡bhcdcdk&dloknhcdk`oq‡onrhshnm+ntrhbdkth,bh
drs ◊ ldssqd dm qdk`shnm `udb kdr u`qh`shnmr cd sq`ctbshnm 'udmhq `oqflr .
rthuqd(- K` rdbnmcd gxonsgflrd drs oktr uq`hrdlak`akd+ l`hr hk md e`ts o`r
ntakhdq ptd kdr sq`ctbshnmr rnms c&tmd eh`ahkhs‡ khlhs‡d+ ‡s`ms cnmm‡ kdr
cheehbtks‡rcdbnlltmhb`shnmqdmbnmsq‡drknqrcdk&dmpt·sd-
3-0-02 K`oq‡onrhshnmsdjd
Bdssdoq‡onrhshnmdrs`trrhl`qfhm`kdptdk`oq‡b‡cdmsd+ontqkdl·ldsxod
cd q`hrnm- Nm md k` sqntud ptd cdu`ms kd mnl t,fad bgdlhm- Dkkd odts
rtbb‡cdq◊m&hlonqsdptdkudqadhmchpt`mstmc‡ok`bdldms-Dkkddrssq`cthsd
o`qo`q9
Ô,c` sdjd t,fad t,f`m
O.acc-venir par U-chemin U-dém
hkdrsudmto`qbdbgdlhm
K`enqldcdbdssdoq‡onrhshnm‡unptdtmdbnlonrhshnm-Kdbnmsdwsdn
dkkd `oo`q`Âs 'c‡ok`bdldms sdjd bgdlhm( e`hs odmrdq ◊ tm tr`fd ro‡bh`k cd
k&hmrsqtldms`k9 kd bgdlhm drs+ c&tmd bdqs`hmd e`finm+ tm lnxdm c&`kkdq c&tm
onhms◊tm`tsqd-Bdssdhmsdqoq‡s`shnmsnts◊e`hsgxonsg‡shptddrsdmbntq`f‡d
o`qk&hmhsh`kds,+pthq`oodkkdk`oq‡onrhshnms`◊u`kdtqhmrsqtldms`kd-L`hrk`
r‡ptdmbd,djdmdodts·sqdq`ss`bg‡d◊qhdmcdbnmmt---

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 012
3-0-03 K`oq‡onrhshnmm`ds+`udb
Bdssd oq‡onrhshnm drs+ ct lnhmr dm `oo`qdmbd+ ptdkptd odt chee‡qdmsd cdr
`tsqdr-Dmdeeds+tm‡k‡ldmscnmsk`sq`ctbshnmdrsdsdrsrntudmsbnmrhc‡q‡
bnlldtmdbnminmbshnm-Dmahinfn+kdbnlonqsdldmscdm`drssqflroqnbgd
cd bdkth cd m&hlonqsd ptdkkd `tsqd oq‡onrhshnm+ ds md itrshehd o`r
k&‡s`akhrrdldms c&tmd b`s‡fnqhd ro‡bh`kd cnms hk rdq`hs kd rdtk qdoq‡rdms`ms-
Nmodtscflr◊oq‡rdmsrhfm`kdqptdm`mdodts·sqdtshkhr‡ontqbnnqcnmmdq
cdtwoqnonrhshnmr-BdqÎkddrsc‡unkt`tl`qptdtqcdbnnqchm`shnmudqa`kd
m,'fknr‡ru(9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Ô,m`j`l,lΩ dsh Ω,`q` m,chl`
O.acc-grimper-acc sur E-palmier sv-tomber
hkdrslnms‡`to`klhdqdshkdrssnla‡
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m`Ô,chl`-
O`qlh kdr chee‡qdmbdr dmsqd m` ds kdr `tsqdr oq‡onrhshnmr+ k&tmd drs
c&nqcqd rs`shrshptd9 m` drs oktr eq‡ptdlldms `ssdrs‡ c`mr kdr rdfldmsr
c&‡mnmb‡r bnlonr‡r cd cdtw bnmrshst`msr mnlhm`tw r‡o`q‡r o`q tmd
oq‡onrhshnm- K&`tsqd drs chrsqhatshnmmdkkd9 m` md rd bnlahmd o`r `udb
c&`tsqdroq‡onrhshnmr-
Enqldkkdldms+k`oq‡onrhshnmm`unhsr`unxdkkdu`qhdqdmenmbshnmcd
cdtwbqhsflqdr9
,K` oq‡rdmbd c&tmd unxdkkd ◊ k&hmhsh`kd ct bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k rhst‡ itrsd
`oqflr-C`mrbdb`r+k`unxdkkdcdm`dm`cnosdkdshlaqd9jt,rΩmhh,vdcdr
u`bgdr ds cdr bgfluqdr+ l`hr h,vd m` jt,rΩ cdr bgfluqdr ds cdr u`bgdr- K`
r‡ptdmbd cd cdtw unxdkkdr hcdmshptdr oqncthsd o`q bdssd `rrhlhk`shnm odts
·sqdq‡cthsd9jtrΩm,h,vd-
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pthrths-C`mrbdb`r+m`drsq‡`khr‡mh9lÔ,j`sÔmhm,c`q`cdronhrrnmrds
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l·ldenmbshnmc`mrk&‡mnmb‡9

013
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
ËÔi'n»,(ΩΩfhlÔqm'`(ΩíΩΩf`
j'ai-vu / hippopotame / et / crocodile
i&`huttmghoonons`lddstmbqnbnchkd
ËhcΩË»ÔqΩcΩm`lÔj`sÔjv``Ëhchjhchj
je-mange / riz / et / poissons / jours / tous
idl`mfdctqhydsctonhrrnm 51 sntrkdrintqr
Kdrxms`fldenql‡o`qm`*Mnlodtssntintqr·sqdrtooqhl‡'rntr
q‡rdqud cd qdrodbsdq kdr bg`mfdldmsr c&`bbnqc ‡udmstdkr( r`mr mthqd ◊ k`
bng‡qdmbd rxms`whptd cd k&‡mnmb‡- Hk r&`fhs k◊ c&tmd oqnoqh‡s‡ bnlltmd ◊
sntsdrkdroq‡onrhshnmr-Bdk`hlokhptdptdk&dmrdlakdMnl * m` * Mnl+
r&hk drs rxms`whptdldms ‡pthu`kdms ◊ Mnl+ bnlonqsd `u`ms m` tmd khlhsd-
K&dmrdlakdm`*Mnlodtsehftqdq◊k`rthsdc&tm‡mnmb‡bng‡qdms+bdpth
odqldsoktrhdtqrhmsdqoq‡s`shnmr9
51 Kd sdqld lÔ,j`sÔ drs tm oktqhdk9 kdr onhrrnmr bnmrnll‡r o`q kdr Ahinfn rnms kd oktr
rntudmscdrltkdsr+cdodshsds`hkkd-Nmdml`mfdcnmboktrhdtqr-B&drsontqptnhlÔ,j`sÔ
drssq`cthshbho`qctonhrrnmtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Ëtcts»tsdm`Ëhhfn
j'ai-arraché / arbre / et / racines
0- Zi&`h`qq`bg‡tm`qaqd\`udbkdrq`bhmdr
1- i&`h`qq`bg‡Ztm`qaqddscdrq`bhmdr\
C`mr k` oqdlhflqd hmsdqoq‡s`shnm+ kd rxms`fld m` Ëhhfn drs+ mh oktr mh
lnhmr+tmbhqbnmrs`ms-K`onqs‡dcdm`r&‡sdmc◊k`qdk`shnmoq‡chb`shudc`mr
rnm dmrdlakd- Kd RM oq‡onrhshnmmdk q‡onmc ◊ k` ptdrshnm !bnlldms >!-
C`mr k` rdbnmcd+ bdssd onqs‡d drs khlhs‡d `t mnl pth oq‡bflcd9 k&dmrdlakd
»tsdm`Ëhhfndrsrxms`whptdldms‡pthu`kdms◊»tsddsq‡onmc◊k`ptdrshnm
!ptnh>!-
K` bnnqchm`shnm cd cdtw bnmrshst`msr mnlhm`tw o`q m` odts
r&`bbnlo`fmdqc&tmbdqs`hmehfdldmsctrxms`fld`hmrhenql‡9
Ω,xÔm`»t,stjn9aÚbgddmek`ll‡d
h,rΩmhl,adË,ËÔÔjÔ9u`bgd◊sqnhro`ssdr

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 014
@ k&hmudqrd+ c`mr bdqs`hmr ‡mnmb‡r n m` r‡o`qd cdtw bnmrshst`msr
mnlhm`tw+ r` onqs‡d r&‡sdmc ◊ k&dmrdlakd cd k` qdk`shnm oq‡chb`shud pth
oq‡bflcd-Kdrxms`fldhmsqncthso`qm`drs`knqrtmbhqbnmrs`ms-Kdrq`hrnmr
cdk&`ardmbdc&`lahftÊs‡rnmschudqrdr9
`-oq‡rdmbdcdo`trd`u`msm`9
x`j`msÔx`nj`lj`mi`+m`x`f`mx`fadÔx`qdanj
femmes / elles se trouvent / dans / temple / et / celles / qui-ont / esprits
kdredlldrrnmsc`mrkdsdlokd+`udbbdkkdrpthnmskdrdroqhsr
a-oq‡rdmbdc&tmhmsdqqnf`she`u`msm`9
@msnmhntm`»nm`j`jo``j`qhtq``md>
Antonio / il-dit / quoi / et / voyage / de / demain
ptdchs@msnmhnrtqkdunx`fdcdcdl`hm>
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
b-oq‡rdmbd`u`msm`c&tmsdqldrtrbdoshakdc&hmcthqdtmdbnlo`q`hrnm9
Ô,anníΩlÔj`sÔlnchcddjhm``lÔ
il a pêché / poissons / pareils / et / toi
hk`o·bg‡`ts`mscdonhrrnmrptdsnh
K`bnnqchm`shnm`udbm`odqldschee‡qdmsrsxodrc&dkkhordr9
j`,joddmt j'`( h,rΩ m` j'`( d,vd
KA-os KA-conn E-vache et KA-conn E-chèvre
tmnrcdu`bgddstmcdbgfluqd
Hbh+ k` oq‡rdmbd dmsqd m` ds kd mnl d,vd ct bnmmdbshe ltmh cd k`
l`qptdc&`bbnqccdbk`rrdJ@qdmunhd`tmnlj`,joddmt-Bdbnmmdbsheodts
·sqdoq‡b‡c‡c&tmc‡lnmrsq`shee`hr`msneehbdcdoqnmnl9
j`,iÔjÔ j`,m Odcqn m` j,`m j`,m Q`tk
KA-maison KA-conn Pedro et KA-dém KA-conn Raoul
k`l`hrnmcdOdcqndsbdkkd',k◊(cdQ`ntk
Dmk&`ardmbdc&`tlnhmrtm‡k‡ldmsrtrbdoshakdcdonqsdqtmdl`qptd
c&`bbnqc`udbtmmnlrntr,dmsdmct+k&dkkhorddrshlonrrhakd9
j`iÔjÔj`,mOdcqnm`Q`tk9k`l`hrnmcdOdcqndsQ`ntk
Rhkdrcdtwmnlrqdkh‡ro`qm`bnlonrdmskdrtidsc&tmdenqldudqa`kd+
kdoq‡ehwdc&`bbnqcctudqadcnhssdmhqbnlosdcdk`oktq`khs‡hlokhpt‡do`q
bdssd rhltks`m‡hs‡9 Odcqn m` L`qhn x`,c` Odcqn ds L`qhn rnms udmtr-
K&`bbnqcdrshbhdmbk`rrdX@+bk`rrdoktqhdkkd cdr gtl`hmr+ cnms Odcqn ds
L`qhnrnmscdrqdoq‡rdms`msr-Kdrbgnrdrrdbnlokhptdmsknqrptdkdrmnlr
q‡tmhro`qm`mdc‡rhfmdmso`rcdrgtl`hmr-Rhkdrcdtwmnlrrnmsltmhrct
l·ld oq‡ehwd cd bk`rrd+ bdk` m&dmsq`Âmd o`r enqb‡ldms pt&hkr othrrdms ·sqd
qdfqnto‡rrntrtmdl·ldbk`rrdcdoktqhdk-Nmudqq`o`qdwdlokdpt&◊cdr

015
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
mnlr rhmftkhdqr dm bk`rrd D odtudms bnqqdronmcqd cdr mnlr oktqhdkr dm
bk`rrd JN+ T+ H+ dsb- 'be- o- 102(- K` k`mftd bnmsntqmd f‡m‡q`kdldms kd
oqnakfllddmtshkhr`msk`bk`rrdLN+pthdrstmdbk`rrdcdoktqhdkf‡m‡qhptd
'be- o- 1//(- Bdssd qflfkd drs u`k`akd l·ld knqrptd kdr mnlr bnnqcnmm‡r
odtudmsenqldqkdtqoktqhdkc`mrk`l·ldbk`rrd9
j`,jΩsΩm,ΩmílÔ,c`9kdbq`ad'J@.ô@(dsk`ontkd'D.JN(rnmsudmtr
d,vdm,danníhlÔ,c`9k`bgfluqd'D.H(dskdbghdm'D.H(rnmsudmtr ')h,c`(
K`bk`rrdLNdrsahdm`c`os‡dontqdwoqhldqtmoktqhdkhmchee‡qdmbh‡+
f‡m‡qhptd-L`hrbdoktqhdkdrsq‡rdqu‡`twq‡`khs‡rmnmgtl`hmdr-Nm` ut
ptd cdtw mnlr c&gtl`hmr bnnqcnmm‡r dmsq`Âmdms tm `bbnqc dm bk`rrd X@-
L`hr pt&`cuhdms,hk knqrptd k&tm rdtkdldms cdr cdtw mnlr c‡rhfmd tm
gtl`hm>C`mrbdb`r+k&`bbnqcdrssntsrhlokdldmshlonrrhakd+dsk`rnktshnm
bnmrhrsd◊qdmunxdqkdmnlbnnqcnmm‡◊k`rthsdcdk`enqldudqa`kd9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
h,vdm`jt,rΩlÔ,chl`9kdrbgfluqdrdskdru`bgdrrnmssnla‡dr
Odcqnm`x`,mfax`x`,chl`9Odcqndskdrdme`msrrnmssnla‡r
l`hr OdcqnÔ,chl`m`d,vd9 Odcqndsk`bgfluqdrnmssnla‡r
ntOdcqndrssnla‡`udbk`bgfluqd
Bd cdqmhdq dwdlokd odts rdquhq c&hmsqnctbshnm ◊ k&`tsqd onrhshnm
oqhuhk‡fh‡dcdm``trdhmcdk&‡mnmb‡9
Udqad*m`*Mnl
Dmsqdtmudqaddstmbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k+m`odtsrhfm`kdqptdbdcdqmhdqdrs
‡f`kdldmsbnmrhc‡q‡bnlld`fdmsctoqnbflr9OdcqnÔ,c`m`L`qhn9Odcqn
drsudmt`udbL`qhn-Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`kpthrthsodts·sqdqdlok`b‡o`q
tmoqnmnlnaids9OdcqnÔc`m`x`f9Odcqndrsudmt`udbdtw-
Rhk`enqldudqa`kddrsm‡f`shud+k`u`kdtqq‡rtks`msddrsk&dwbktrhnm9
Ô,j`,c`m,d,anníh
hkm&drso`rudmt.`udb,bghdm
hkdrsudmtr`mr'rnm(bghdm
Oktrf‡m‡q`kdldms+m`hmsqncthstm`tsqdo`qshbho`ms`toqnbflr-Hkodts
·sqdmntud`t9
l`mjhqhamnnftcdÔmÔ
ne parle pas / et / homme / ce
mdo`qkdo`r`udbbdsgnlld
lt,tc`m`m`Odcqn
tu ressembles / et / Pedro
stdrbnlldOdcqn

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 016
Hkodts`trrh·sqduhqstdkkdldmsoq‡rdms-C`mrkdrdwdlokdrrthu`msr+kd
rtidsmntrhlokhptdoktrhdtqro`qshbho`msr-K&tmdrsbnmmt'k&‡mnmbh`sdtq(ds
m`odqldscdoq‡bhrdqkdntkdr`tsqd'r(-Bdoqnb‡c‡odqldso`qdwdlokdcd
o`kkhdqk&`ardmbdc&tmdnoonrhshnmmntrhmbktrhe.mntrdwbktrhe9
s`,m`l` m'`(`lÔ sd,cdl,`j lÔ,jÔ,aÔj
1p.acc-dire et toi 1p.acc-défricher-rés 2s.acc-cons-refuser
mntr`unmrchs'snhdslnh(ptdmntrc‡eqhbgdqhnmr'bdbg`lo(dsst`rqdetr‡
sn,nj,Ωm j`chcddjh m'`(Ô,f `l Ω,íÔmm`md
1p.acc-se trouver-pasr ensemble et O-pr dans E-réunion
mntr‡shnmrdmrdlakd'`udbkth(◊k`q‡tmhnm
,@k`rthsdc&tmdenqldudqa`kd+tmrxms`fldbnmrsqths`udbm`intdkdqÎkd
c&tm bhqbnmrs`ms+ hmsqncthr`ms tm mntud`t o`qshbho`ms ◊ k` qdk`shnm
oq‡chb`shudtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
st,tc`m` »`,mrtc m'`(`lÔ
1p-acc-ressembler ôA-chemise et toi
mntr`unmr'snhdslnh(k`l·ldbgdlhrd
Dmehm+ kd rteehwd cd c‡qhu`shnm udqa`kd ,`m+ pth rdqs ◊ hmsqncthqd tm
mntud`t o`qshbho`ms `t oqnbflr+ hlokhptd tm bnlok‡ldms bnmrsqths `udb
m`'rhkdmntud`to`qshbho`msm&drso`rbnmsdmtuhqstdkkdldmsc`mrkdrtids(9
Ëdfadmj`mΩm`Odcqn9i&`hqdmbnmsq‡Odcqn

017
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
,Dmsqdcdtwbnmrshst`msrmnlhm`tw+k`u`kdtqcdm`drslnhmrrs`akd-Hkodts
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 018
3-0-04 Bnmbktrhnmrtqkdroq‡onrhshnmr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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• j`9pt`mc+rh+`knqrptd+bnlld+othrptd
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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odqlds c&‡s`akhq tmd chee‡qdmbd dmsqd bhqbnmrs`msr ds `bs`msr e`btks`sher-
Bnlo`qnmro`qdwdlokdkdr‡mnmb‡rrthu`msr`udbkdudqad,qh`oqdmcqd}
l`mfdq9
C`mrkdoqdlhdqdwdlokd+kdbnlok‡ldmsm`@msnmhndrshlonr‡o`qkd
rteehwd,`m'`rrnbh`she+be-o-2/7(-Bds‡mnmb‡odtsrdsq`cthqdkhss‡q`kdldms
o`qOdcqnr&drsqdmbnmsq‡`udb@msnmhn-K`a`rdudqa`kdenql‡dcdk`q`bhmd
,fadmjdsctrteehwd,`mq‡fhsk`oq‡onrhshnmm`-Kdrdbnmc‡mnmb‡bnlonqsd
tm udqad hmsq`mrhshe ',c` udmhq(+ pth odts ·sqd e`btks`shudldms rthuh cd
bnlok‡ldmsrbhqbnmrs`mbhdkrhmchpt`mso`qdwdlokdkdkhdtnt+bnlldhbh+k`
!l`mhflqd!-K&‡mnmb‡OdcqnÔ,c`drsbnqqdbs`knqrptd)OdcqnÔ,fadmj,`m,Ω
drshlonrrhakdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
0-Ô,qh`9hk`l`mf‡
1-Ô,qh`jÔ,sΩË9hk`l`mf‡cdk`uh`mcd
2-Ô,qh`jÔ,sΩËj`,mjnx`9hk`l`mf‡cdk`uh`mcdbdl`shm
3-Ô,qh`j`,mjnx`9hk`l`mf‡bdl`shm
4-)Ô,qh`j`,mjnx`jÔ,sΩË
Kdr mnlr jÔ,sΩË uh`mcd ds j`,mjnx` l`shm odtudms sntr cdtw ·sqd
rtooqhl‡r cdr ‡mnmb‡r n hkr ehftqdms- Dm qdu`mbgd+ j`,mjnx` odts ·sqd
`ints‡◊k&‡mnmb‡1ontqenqldqk&‡mnmb‡2+l`hrjÔ,sΩËmdodts·sqd`ints‡◊
k&‡mnmb‡39k&‡mnmb‡4drsl`kenql‡-Rdtkj`,mjnx`drstmbhqbnmrs`ms-
Tm rdfldms c&‡mnmb‡ odts ·sqd bhqbnmrs`ms `udb bdqs`hmr udqadr ds
`bs`ms `udb c&`tsqdr- Nm ` ut ptd bdqs`hmr rteehwdr udqa`tw intdms kd qÎkd
c&hmchbdr`bs`mbhdkr'be-o-70(-Bdrrteehwdrqdmunhdms◊tmrdfldmsc&‡mnmb‡
cnmsk`oq‡rdmbddrsm‡bdrr`hqd:hkmdodtscnmbr&`fhqc&tmbhqbnmrs`ms9
Odcqn Ô,fadmj,`m,Ω m` @msnmhn
Pedro O.acc-rencontrer-asb-acc avec Antonio
Odcqn`qdmbnmsq‡@msnmhn
Odcqn Ô,c` m` @msnmhn
Pedro O.acc-venir avec Antonio
Odcqndrsudmt`udb@msnmhn

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 034
6-1 Rtidsdsnaids
Kdr sdqldr rtids ds naids qdmunhdms ◊ cdr mnshnmr rxms`whptdr+ ds md rnms
c‡ehmhrptdo`qq`oonqs◊tmoq‡chb`sudqa`k-Hkrc‡rhfmdmscdrbnmrshst`msr
mnlhm`twdmsqdsdm`msbdqs`hmrq`oonqsr`udbkdudqad-Sxohptdldms+k&nqcqd
cdrlnsrdmahinfnodqldscdqdbnmm`ÂsqdbnlldrtidskdBMrhst‡◊f`tbgd
ct udqad bnmitft‡+ k&naids ‡s`ms kd BM rhst‡ ◊ cqnhsd- Bdr oqnoqh‡s‡r rnms
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cdrbqhsflqdrrtook‡ldms`hqdr-
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
6-1-0 Kdrtids
Dmahinfn+kdrtidsodts·sqdc‡ehmho`qcdtwbqhsflqdrenmc`ldms`tw9
,Hk oq‡bflcd kd udqad- Ontq `ts`ms+ snts bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k oq‡b‡c`ms kd
udqadm&drso`renqb‡ldmsrtids-'be-snohb`khr`shnm+o-044(-
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bnmrshst`msmnlhm`krtidsdrstmmnl+k&hmchbdrtidsoq‡onr‡`tudqadrdq`cd
k`l·ldbk`rrdptdkdoq‡ehwdmnlhm`k-Rhhkr&`fhsc&tmoqnmnlodqrnmmdk+kd
udqad rd udqq` oq‡ehwdq k&hmchbd rtids bnqqdronmc`ms '`oodk‡ `knqr hmchbd
odqrnmmdk(+sdkptdoq‡rdms‡c`mrkds`akd`trthu`ms9
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r&`fhscdrhmchbdrrtidsr knfnognqhptdr+ pth rnms tshkhr‡r `udb cdr oq‡chb`sr
udqa`tw rtanqcnmm‡r ontq hmchptdq k` bnq‡e‡qdmbd `udb kd rtids cd k`
oqhmbho`kd- Bdr hmchbdr knfnognqhptdr md rnms o`r tshkhr‡r knqrptd k&hmchbd
rtids cd k` oqhmbho`kd drs tm hmchbd odqrnmmdk9 bdr cdqmhdqr hlokhpt`ms k`
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t,m`v`,a`,c`9hkchspt&hkuhdmcq`
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035
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
t,m`t,a`,c`9hkchspt&hkuhdmcq`
x`,m`a`,a`,c`9hkrchrdmspt&hkruhdmcqnms
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rtidsdrs`knqrrntr,dmsdmct+dskdoq‡ehwdc&`bbnqconqs‡o`qkdudqadodqlds
rnmhcdmshehb`shnm9
h,a`,ΩqΩl
E.inac-virt-pleuvoir
hku`okdtunhq
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kd bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k rtids oqnunptd hbh k&`bbnqc dm bk`rrd D- Kd
udqadtshkhr‡odqldscdqdrshstdqkdmnld,mnanokthd-Bdmnl‡s`mskdrdtk
rtidsonrrhakd`udbkdudqad,ΩqΩl+r`oq‡rdmbdm&drso`rnakhf`snhqd-
Dm ntsqd+ `udb kdr hmchbdr odqrnmmdkr rtidsr+ k` oq‡rdmbd c&tm BM dm
onrhshnm rtids 'cnmb tm oqnmnl odqrnmmdk( m&drs o`r m‡bdrr`hqd9 dkkd
bnqqdronmc◊tmdsnohb`khr`shnm9
'ΩËÔ(Ëh,c`mahr`v9'lnh(idu`hr◊Ahrr`t
Hk dwhrsd tmd bk`rrd mnlhm`kd ro‡bh`khr‡d c`mr k&`bbnqc cdr knb`sher
'mnlr cd khdtw ds c‡hbshptdr bnlld ΩvÔ hbh(9 k` bk`rrd VN 58 - Hk r&dmrths
pt&tmsdqldc‡rhfm`mstmkhdtodts·sqdrtidsc&tmdqdk`shnmoq‡chb`shud9
ahr`v vÔ,fad »`,iÔjÔ »`,jnsn»
Bissau WO.acc-avoir ôA-maison ôA-grand
◊Ahrr`thkx`cdfq`mcdrl`hrnmr
ΩvÔ vtm,fnm` vn,nj,Ô n,mr,ΩË
ici WO.acc.foc-FOC 70 WO-être(loc)-rel O-mère.de-moi
b&drshbhpt&drsl`lflqd
K&`bbnqc9b`ro`qshbtkhdqr
Kdrmnlr‡s`msq‡o`qshrdmbk`rrdr+k&`bbnqcctudqadrde`hsdmenmbshnm
cdk`bk`rrdctmnlpthbnmrshstdkdmnx`tctBMrtids-KnqrptdkdBMrtids
drsbnmrshst‡cdcdtwmnlrbnnqcnmm‡r◊k&`hcdcdk`oq‡onrhshnmm`ds+`udb+
oktrhdtqrl‡b`mhrldrfntudqmdmsk&`bbnqc9
58 Cdrbqhoshnmo-100-
6/ K`q`bhmdudqa`kd,fnm`drsfknr‡dENB9dkkdmdrdqdmbnmsqdptdc`mrbdqs`hmr‡mnmb‡r
enb`khr‡r'be-o-043(-

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 036
@-Kdr cdtw mnlr rnms cd k` l·ld bk`rrd9 k&`bbnqc rd e`hs c`mr k` bk`rrd
bnqqdronmc`ms`toktqhdkcdbdssdbk`rrd-O`qdwdlokd+kdrmnlroqnoqdrcd
odqrnmmdrhlokhptdmstm`bbnqcdmbk`rrdN-Kdoktqhdkbnqqdronmc`msdrsdm
bk`rrdX@9
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Tm BM rtids odts ·sqd bnlonr‡ c&tm oqnmnl odqrnmmdk ds c&tm mnl-
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untr+dsb-9
ΩËÔm`Odcqnst,tc`m`9lnhdsOdcqnrnlldro`qdhkr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
A-Kdrmnlrbnnqcnmm‡rrnmsc`mrcdrbk`rrdrchee‡qdmsdr+l`hrkdrq‡`khs‡r
`twptdkkdrhkrqdmunhdmsodtudms·sqdqdfqnto‡dr◊k&hms‡qhdtqc&tmcnl`hmd
mnshnmmdk ontq kdptdk tm sdqld dwhrsd9 k&`bbnqc rd e`hs c`mr k` bk`rrd
bnqqdronmc`ms `t oktqhdk ct mnl f‡m‡qhptd dm ptdrshnm- @hmrh+ `udb kdr
`mhl`tw+k&`bbnqcodtsrde`hqddmbk`rrdLN'ctmnlln,jnl``mhl`tw+
oktqhdkbnqqdronmc`ms◊»n,jnl``mhl`k(9
d,onmn m` j`,jΩsΩ l'Ô(,Ωm,c`
E-crapaud et KA-crabe MO.acc-rév-venir
kdbq`o`tcdskdbq`adrnmsudmtr---
Hk e`ts rhfm`kdq ptd k` bk`rrd LN+ c`mr k`ptdkkd rd e`hs k&`bbnqc bh,
cdrrtr+ md bnqqdronmc dm s`ms ptd oktqhdk ◊ `tbtm cdr cdtw mnlr
bnnqcnmm‡r9d,onmn.jn,onmn+j`,jΩsΩ.»`,jΩsΩ
Bdsxodc&`bbnqcm&drso`rkdoktreq‡ptdmsontqkdrmnlrc‡rhfm`mscdr
`mhl`tw-C`mrkdrbnmsdrdmo`qshbtkhdq+bdrmnlrrnmssqflrrntudms`bbnqc‡r
dmbk`rrdN'`trhmftkhdq(dsdmbk`rrdX@'`toktqhdk(+pthrnmskdrbk`rrdr
!cdrgtl`hmr!'be-o-07/(-
B-Knqrptdkdrcdtwmnlrbnnqcnmm‡rmdrnmso`rc`mr tmd cdr rhst`shnmr
bh,cdrrtr+k&`bbnqcdrshlonrrhakd-K`bnnqchm`shnmdrs`knqrqdonqs‡d`oqflrkd
udqad+ `udb tm rs`sts rxms`whptd cd bhqbnmrs`ms- K` sq`ctbshnm g‡rhsd `knqr
dmsqdcdtwbnmrsqtbshnmr9
Odcqnm`L`qhnx`,cÔ9OdcqndsL`qhnrnmso`qshr
OdcqnÔ,cÔm`d,anníh9Odcqndskdbghdmrnmso`qshr
Odcqndrso`qsh`udbkdbghdm
)Odcqnm`d,anníh>>,cÔ
'b`r@(
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037
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
Nmunhscnmbptdk&`bbnqcmdodts·sqdbnmrhc‡q‡bnlldtmog‡mnlflmd
tmhptdldmsl‡b`mhptd+othrpt&hkdrsdmo`qshdbnmchshnmm‡o`qkdroqnoqh‡s‡r
r‡l`mshptdrctbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k-
6-1-1 K&naids
@o`qsr`onrhshnm◊cqnhsdctudqad+k&naidsdrsb`q`bs‡qhr‡o`qkde`hspt&hk
bnmsqÎkdtmdr‡qhdcdoqnmnlro`qshbtkhdqr'kdroqnmnlrnaidsr+be-o-121(-
Bdtw,bh odtudms ·sqd hms‡fq‡r ◊ k` enqld udqa`kd9 hk r&`fhs cdr hmchbdr
odqrnmmdkr naidsr- Kdr o`q`chfldr cdr l`qptdr odqrnmmdkkdr rnms cnmb `t
mnlaqd cd sqnhr9 oqnmnlr odqrnmmdkr+ hmchbdr odqrnmmdkr rtidsr ds hmchbdr
odqrnmmdkrnaidsr9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
u`kdtq oqnmnl hmchbdrtids hmchbdnaids
0r ΩËÔ Ë, m`,
1r `lÔ l, `l,
0o `sΩ s, `msU,
1o `mΩ m, `mmU,
Nm udqq` `udb k&dw`ldm cdr qdk`shudr 'o- 260( ptd kdr enmbshnmr
rxms`whptdrcdrtidsdsc&naidsodtudms·sqd`rrnbh‡dr◊cdrqÎkdrchee‡qdmsr
`t rdhm cd k` qdk`shnm oq‡chb`shud- C`mr tmd qdk`shnm rhlokd hlokhpt`ms tm
udqad c&`bshnm+ ct sxod RUN o`q dwdlokd+ kd rtids drs k&`fdms ct oqnbflr ds
k&naids dm drs kd o`shdms- @udb bdqs`hmdr qdk`shudr bdr qÎkdr odtudms ·sqd
hmudqr‡r+bg`btmdcdrenmbshnmrcdc‡o`qsbnmrdqu`msrdrl`qptdroqnoqdr9
Odcqn Ô,jΩl j`,cnlh
Pedro O.acc-attacher KA-pirogue
Odcqn``ss`bg‡k`ohqnftd
j`,cnlh j`,jΩl,Ô Odcqn
KA-pirogue KA-attacher-rel Pedro
k`ohqnftdptdOdcqn``ss`bg‡d
j`,cnlh j`,jΩl,Ô Ô,f
KA-pirogue KA-attacher-rel O-pr
k`ohqnftdpt&hk``ss`bg‡d
C`mr kd oqdlhdq dwdlokd+ k&`bbnqc drs dm bk`rrd N+ bnqqdronmc`ms `t
mnl Odcqn- B&drs ahdm Odcqn pth drs k&`fdms cd k&`bshnm `ss`bgdq- C`mr kd
rdbnmc dwdlokd+ k&`bbnqc drs dm bk`rrd J@+ bnqqdronmc`ms ◊ j`,cnlh
ohqnftd+ ds kd mnl Odcqn drs ◊ cqnhsd ct udqad 'pth drs ltmh ct rteehwd
!qdk`shuhr`ms! ,Ô(- Kdr qÎkdr rnms hmbg`mf‡r- Ontqs`ms j`,cnlh drs

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 038
l`hmsdm`ms rtids 'hk x ` k&`bbnqc dm bk`rrd J@(- Kd mnl Odcqn drs dm
onrhshnm naids+ ds kd sqnhrhflld dwdlokd lnmsqd pt&hk bnmsqÎkd tm oqnmnl
naids9b&drscnmbahdmk&naids`trdmrcnmm‡hbh◊bdsdqld-
6-2 K&‡mnmb‡`rrdqshe
K&nqcqdcdrbnmrshst`msrdrssntintqrRUN-Nm`utsntsdenhrptdk&naidsodts
·sqdqdoq‡rdms‡o`qtmhmchbdoqnmnlhm`khms‡fq‡◊k`enqldudqa`kd9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
d,anníhΩ,a`jd,vd9kdbghdm``ssq`o‡k`bgfluqd
j'Ô(,Ωshjt,cd»»djhlt,sd9kdudmsbntqadkdr`qaqdr
jt,rΩ`,jt,a`,cdËj`,aÔjÔ9kdru`bgdrmdl`mfdqnmso`rc&gdqad
mΩ,lΩm`,a`,m`,í`j9k&`adhkkdu`ldohptdq
x`,snx`,'`(ms'n(,nsnj`l,lΩ9cdrfdmrmntrnms`oodk‡r
Knqrptd kd udqad drs rthuh cd cdtw BM+ k&tm odts f‡m‡q`kdldms ·sqd
bnmrhc‡q‡ bnlld a‡m‡ehbh`hqd ct oqnbflr '`t rdmr k`qfd+ bdssd bnmrsqtbshnm
‡s`ms o`q dwdlokd `ssdrs‡d `udb tm udqad bnlld dloqtmsdq(- Bd BM drs
`knqrkdoktroqnbgdctudqad:hkodts·sqdqdlok`b‡o`qtmoqnmnlnaids9
x`,'`(ms`,c`l,lΩΩ,l`m9hkrmntrnmsneedqsctqhy
Ë`,s`j,`m@msnmhnË,ËÔ9idudqrdcdk&d`t◊@msnmhn
Ë`,í`o`j,ΩOdcqn»t,loΩr9i&`hdloqtms‡cdk&`qfdms◊Odcqn
Ë`,í`o`j,ΩÔ,f»t,loΩr9idkth`hdloqtms‡cdk&`qfdms
6-3 K&hmsdqqnf`shnm
Nmqdbdmrdoktrhdtqrsxodrc&hmsdqqnf`shnmr9
@- Ptdrshnmr edql‡dr 'q‡onmrd nth.mnm(9 `t mhud`t lnqognknfhptd nt
`bbdmstdk+qhdmmdkdrchrshmftdcdr‡mnmb‡r`rrdqsher9
lÿ,c`9stdrudmt.dr,studmt>
l‡,fdm@msnmhn>∏xÔ+ˇ,fdmÔ,f9stbnmm`hr@msnmhn>nth+idkdbnmm`hr
Knqrptd k` rhst`shnm md odqlds o`r c&hcdmshehdq k&‡mnmb‡ bnlld tmd
hmsdqqnf`shnm+hkdrsonrrhakdc&tshkhrdqk`o`qshbtkd`cd'be-o-028(+sq`cthsd
hbho`qdrs,bdptd9

04/
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
`cd Odcqn Ô,stjo,`j @msnmhn >
est-ce que Pedro O.acc-frapper-acc Antonio
Drs,bdptdOdcqn`eq`oo‡@msnmhn>
Dmehm+ l`hr bd onhms l‡qhsd cdr ‡bk`hqbhrrdldmsr+ hk rdlakd ptd cdtw
enqldr'tmdenqld`rrdqshuddstmdenqldhmsdqqnf`shud(othrrdmsr&noonrdq
o`qk&hmsnm`shnm9k&`bbdmssntbgdc`mrkdrcdtwb`rk`rxkk`adhmhsh`kd+l`hrk`
enqldhmsdqqnf`shuddrsq‡`khr‡dc`mrtmqdfhrsqdoktr`hft-K`g`tsdtqcdr`
rdbnmcdrxkk`ad'mnm`bbdmst‡d(bnqqdronmc`ooqnwhl`shudldms◊k`g`tsdtq
cdk`oqdlhflqdrxkk`ad'`bbdmst‡d(cdk`enqld`rrdqshud9
lÿ,c‹9Stdrudmt>
l‹,c◊9Stdrudmt-
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
A- Ptdrshnmr ntudqsdr cnms k` q‡onmrd drs tm bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k 9 dkkdr
m‡bdrrhsdmsk`oq‡rdmbdc&tmoqnmnlhmsdqqnf`she-Bdtw,bhnms‡s‡hmudmsnqh‡r
o-62-
Nm ` ut ptd bdqs`hmr bhqbnmrs`msr rnms `rrhlhk`akdr ◊ cdr mnlr9 bd
rnmskdrmnlrbhqbnmrs`mbhdkr-Kdrhmsdqqnf`shnmronqs`msrtqk`bhqbnmrs`mbd
knb`shudntsdlonqdkkdrnmsenql‡drqdrodbshudldms`udbkdroqnmnlrdvd}
dn>dsjdpt`mc>-Bdtw,bhrnmsf‡m‡q`kdldmsok`b‡rdmehmc&‡mnmb‡9
n,ftcd Ô,mÔ Ô,nj` dvd >
O-homme O-dém O.acc-être assis où
Ng`ahsdbdsgnlld>
l,a`,c` jd >
2s.acc-virt-venir quand
pt`mcuhdmcq`r,st>
Sntsdenhr+k&hmsdqqnf`sheknb`shedvdodts·sqdrtidsrxms`whptd+`tl·ld
shsqd ptd vd pth>- Kd onhms bnlltm dmsqd bdr cdtw tmhs‡r drs k&dwhrsdmbd
ontq bg`btmd c&dkkd c&tmd bk`rrd mnlhm`kd odqldss`ms k&`bbnqc+ ds cnmb
k&tshkhr`shnmctoqnmnlbnlldrtids9
dvd9bk`rrdVN
dvd vtll,nj vt,qdrdj`s,Ô Ω,l`m >
où WO.acc.foc-être(loc) WO.inac-acheter-rel E-riz
nodts,nm`bgdsdqctqhy>
khss‡q`kdldms9nb&drsk◊ptdkdqhyr&`bgflsd>
vd9bk`rrdN
vd Ôm,cnj j`,iÔjÔ Ωmj` >
qui O.acc.foc-posséder KA-maison KA-dém
@pth`oo`qshdmsbdssdl`hrnm>
khss‡q`kdldms9pthb&drskthpthonrrflcdbdssdl`hrnm>

Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 040
C`mr bdr cdtw dwdlokdr+ k&hmsdqqnf`she drs q‡dkkdldms kd rtids
rxms`whptd-Hkodts·sqdqdlok`b‡o`qtmbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k+bdpthentqmhs
kdrogq`rdr`rrdqshudrrthu`msdr9
ΩvÔ vtll,nj vt,qdrdj`s,Ô Ω,l`m
ici WO.acc.foc-être(loc) WO.inac-acheter-rel E-riz
b&drshbhptdk&nmodts`bgdsdqctqhy
khss‡q`kdldms9b&drshbhptdkdqhyr&`bgflsd
Kthr Ôm,cnj j`,iÔjÔ Ωmj`
Luis O.acc.foc-posséder KA-maison KA-dém
Bdssdl`hrnm`oo`qshdms◊Kthr
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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041
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 042
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hkmde`tso`rptdsto`qsdr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
@udb bdqs`hmr udqadr+ k&hmchbd odqrnmmdk 1r drs qdoq‡rdms‡ o`q tmd
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043
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
6-5 K`enb`khr`shnm
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
@msnmhn Ô,fan» @msnmhn Ôm,`m,fan»,`m,Ω
Antonio O.acc-être gros Antonio O.acc.foc-2s.obj-être gros-asb-acc
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b&drsghdqpt&hkdrsudmt+o`r`tintqc&gth
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
,kdbhqbnmrs`ms
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E-chien E-dém E.acc-être E-fiable E.inac-garder KA-maison
bdbghdm+hkdrseh`akd+hkf`qcdk`l`hrnm

045
Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr
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k&`qfdms+Q`ntkk&`cnmm‡◊Odcqn
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Kd rdbnmc oqnb‡c‡ drs tshkhr‡ tmhptdldms ontq snohb`khrdq kd rtids- Hk
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Ω,l`m Ω,rΩm s` `l jt,fah
E-riz E.acc-être bon de dans KO-corps
kdqhydrsanmontqk`r`ms‡
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O.dém ôO.acc-être O.ami O-conn-moi
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Kdro`qshdrctchrbntqr 046
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bdssdbgfluqd+b&drslnmoflqdpthk&``bgds‡
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008

TROISIEME PARTIE
LE CONSTITUANT NOMINAL
0 Kdrbk`rrdrmnlhm`kdr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
0-0 Oq‡rdms`shnm
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tmdl`hrnmdmanhr
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
O`qlh kdr bnqq‡k`sr r‡l`mshptdr cd k` bk`rrhehb`shnm mnlhm`kd+ tm cdr oktr
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lnchehb`shnmctmnlaqdcdrnoonrhshnmrcdbk`rrdr-Ontqs`ms+rhk&nmldscd
bÎs‡kdru`qh`shnmrcdshlaqdunb`khptd+pthrnmsdwokhb`akdr+kdrl`qptdrcd
bk`rrd cdldtqdms fkna`kdldms hmbg`mf‡dr ptdkr ptd rnhdms kdr ‡k‡ldmsr
`twptdkr dkkdr rnms oq‡ehw‡dr- Rdtkd k` b`s‡fnqhd ct bnmmdbshe oq‡rdmsd tm
dmrdlakdcdl`qptdrqdk`shudldmsnqhfhm`k 7/ -
0-1-0 Kdroq‡ehwdrmnlhm`tw
Kd o`q`chfld cdr oq‡ehwdr mnlhm`tw oq‡rdmsd k` oktr fq`mcd chudqrhs‡ cd
enqldr+bdpthrdlakd·sqdtmsq`hsb`q`bs‡qhrshptdcdmnlaqdtwrxrsflldrcd
bk`rrdr-B&drsk`q`hrnmontqk`ptdkkdkdrbk`rrdr'dml`itrbtkdr(rnmsc‡ehmhdr
o`q q`oonqs `tw oq‡ehwdr mnlhm`tw- Sntsdenhr+ k` chudqrhs‡ cdr enqldr cdr
oq‡ehwdrmnlhm`twdrsrto‡qhdtqd◊bdkkdcdrenqldrcda`rd+othrpt&nmqdkflud
bdqs`hmdru`qh`shnmrhmc‡odmc`msdrcdk&dmuhqnmmdldmsognmhptd9
Kdrmdtsq`khr`shnmrc&noonrhshnmrmdbnmbdqmdmso`rkdrl·ldrfqntodr
cd bk`rrdr c`mr bg`ptd b`s‡fnqhd+ ds m&na‡hrrdms o`r `tw l·ldr sxodr cd
qflfkdr- @hmrh o`q dwdlokd kd enmbshnmmdldms ct rxrsflld udqa`k odqlds,hk
c`mr bdqs`hmr b`r tmd hcdmshs‡ sns`kd cdr oq‡ehwdr cdr bk`rrdr H ds D+ l`hr
i`l`hrcdrbk`rrdrJNdsJ@-Bdrcdqmhflqdrrnmsdmqdu`mbgdbnmenmctdr`t
rdhmcdbdqs`hmrc‡lnmrsq`sher-K&dw`ldmcdbg`ptdhmudms`hqdodqldssq`cd
ldssqd◊intqtmdoqdlhflqdo`qshd+enqldkkd+ctq‡rd`tbnlokdwdcdr`eehmhs‡r
cd bk`rrdr- Kd s`akd`t pth rths 'o- 056( oq‡rdmsd k&dmrdlakd cdr enqldr
nardqu‡dr+ cnms kdr u`qh`shnmr rdqnms dmrthsd dw`lhm‡dr dm c‡s`hk ontq
bg`btmcdro`q`chfldr-
,k&`ardmbdcdoq‡ehwdrontqbdqs`hmrmnlrcdrbk`rrdrD+N+TdsVN-
,k`q‡`khr`shnmjo`,ctoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrdJN-
7/ Nm cnmmd oqnuhrnhqdldms kd mnl cd bnmmdbshe ◊ chudqr ‡k‡ldmsr hlokhpt‡r c`mr k`
c‡sdqlhm`shnmmnlhm`kd-Be-bh,cdrrntro-060-

KDRL@QPTDRCDBK@RRDR
,Kdrenqldrcnmm‡drontqkdmnl+kdudqaddsk`b`s‡fnqhdsqflrf‡m‡q`kdctbnmmdbshernmskdroq‡ehwdr-Dmbdpthbnmbdqmdkdr
oqnmnlrdskdrc‡lnmrsq`sher+bdrnmskdrenqldrbnlokflsdrpthrnmsoq‡rdms‡dr-
,Kdronhmsrc&hmsdqqnf`shnmrrhfm`kdmscdrenqldrq`qdr+mnmnardqu‡drtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
BK@RRD MNL UDQAD Bnmmdbshe Oqnm- C‡l0 C‡l1 C‡l2 C‡l3
D œ,+d,+Ω, h,+Ω, Ω,+l, Ωf ΩmΩ Ωmt Ωf`m Ωmm`
H h, h, h,+l, hf hmΩ hmt hf`m hmm`
N œ,+n,+Ô, t,+Ô, Ô,+œ Ôf ÔmÔ Ômt Ôf`m Ômm`
T œ,+t, t, t,+a,+l, tf tmΩ tmt tf`m tmm`
X@ x`, x`, x,+œ x`f x``mΩ x`mt x`f`m x`mm`
A@ a`, a`, > > > > > a`mm`
J@ j`, j`, j'`(, j`f Ωmj` j`mt j`m j`mm`
JN jn,+jÔ,+jt,+jo` jt,+jÔ, j't(, jÔf Ωmj` jtmt j`m jtmm`
L L,+ËU, L,+l, l, hmj mmΩ mmt mf`m mm`
LN ln,+lÔ,+lt, lt,+lÔ, l't(, lÔf Ωll` ltmt l`m ltmm`
MU mU,+mh, mU,+mh, m'h(, mΩf Ωmm` mtmt m`m mhmm`
ô@ »`, »`, »'`(, »`f Ω»»` »`mt »`m »`mm`
ôN »n,+»Ô,+»t, »t,+»Ô, »'t(, »Ôf Ω»»` »tmt »`m »tmm`
VN œ, vt,+vÔ, , vÔf vÔÔmΩ > vÔmf`m vÔmm`

057
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
@-Kdrmnlrc‡ontqutrcdoq‡ehwdr9
Hkrrdq`mfdmsc`mroktrhdtqrb`s‡fnqhdr9
`-Bk`rrdrNdsVN9mnlroqnoqdr+ntmnlr◊q‡e‡qdmstmhptd-
Kdr mnlr oqnoqdr cd odqrnmmdr odtudms ·sqd `rrhlhk‡r ◊ cdr mnlr cd k`
bk`rrdN+bnlldkdlnmsqdmskdrog‡mnlflmdrc&`bbnqc9
Odcqn t,ahí Q`tk »Ôm` Ô,jÔ,c`
Pedro O.inac-demander Raoul que O.acc-cons-venir
Odcqncdl`mcd◊Q`ntkcdudmhq' ΩxÔ+ Ëd,fdm Ôf
2s.acc-connaître Antonio oui 1s.acc- connaître pr.cl.O
stbnmm`hr@msnmhn>nth+idkdbnmm`hr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdrmnlroqnoqdrcdkhdtwdmsq`Âmdmsk&`bbnqcdmbk`rrdVN9
ahr`v vÔ,fad »`,iÔjÔ »`,jnsn»
Bissau WO.acc-avoir ôA-maison ôA-grand
@Ahrr`t+hkx`cdfq`mcdrl`hrnmr
a- Bk`rrd D 9 bdqs`hmr dloqtmsr 'kd oktr rntudms+ `t jqhnk(-
K&hms‡fq`shnm `t rxrsflld cdr bk`rrdr cdr mnlr dloqtms‡r rdq` sq`hs‡d oktr
knhm'be-o-060(-
b- Bk`rrd T- Rdtkr cdtw mnlr rnms bnmbdqm‡r9 at s·sd ds aΩmΩ e`bd+
uhr`fd- Bdr cdtw mnlr nms oktrhdtqr onhmsr bnlltmr- Hkr c‡rhfmdms cdr
q‡`khs‡rr‡l`mshptdldmsoqnbgdr:hkroq‡rdmsdmsk`l·ldbnmrnmmdhmshsh`kd
a,:dmehm+oq‡b‡c‡rctknb`khr`sdtq`,+hkrodtudmssntrcdtwrdquhq◊enqldq
cdroq‡onrhshnmrbnlokdwdr'be-o-85(9`,ata`dmg`tscd+`,admda`rtq+
`t,cdrrtr cd- K` oq‡rdmbd cd a, ◊ k&hmhsh`kd cd bdr cdtw mnlr drs ◊
q`ooqnbgdq cd k` enqld ct bnmmdbshe 'a`(- Bdr hmchbdr enms rtoonrdq tmd
`mbhdmmdbk`rrd)aU,')at,>(-
A-Kdoq‡ehwdjo`,9
Bdqs`hmr mnlr bnll`mcdms tm rbgflld c&`bbnqc sxohptd cd k` bk`rrd JN+
l`hroq‡rdmsdmstmoq‡ehwdjo`,-Kdbnqotrm&dmbnmshdmsptd69
jo`Ω9bnqmd
jo`jtl`9ok`msdro-
jo`mfΩlÔ9intd
jo`míhmjÔ9`hrrdkkd
jo`sΩ9nmfkd
ok-»`,Ω
ok-»`,jtl`
ok-»`,mfΩlÔ
ok-»`,míhmjn
ok-»`,sΩ

Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 058
jo`v9edthkkd
jo`xh9naidsrdqu`ms◊qdbtdhkkhqkduhmcdo`kld
ok-»`,v
ok-»`,xh
Kdoktqhdkcdbg`btmcdbdrmnlrdrsenql‡`udbkdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrd
ô@'`oo`qhdldmsq‡ftkhdqontqkdrrhmftkhdqrdmbk`rrdJN(-Kdcdqmhdqcd
bdr mnlr ‡unptd k` q`bhmd udqa`kd ,jo` qdbtdhkkhq kd uhm cd o`kld- Hk
ontqq`hscnmbr&`fhqc&tmmnl◊oq‡ehwdœ+bdpthrdq`hstmddwbdoshnmtmhptd
dmbk`rrdJN-Kdoktqhdkdmô@'»`,xh(drs,hkq‡ftkhdq'rhk`q`bhmddrs,xh(nt
drs,hkenql‡o`q`m`knfhd`udbkdr`tsqdrmnlr◊r‡ptdmbdhmhsh`kdjo`,>
0-1-1 Kdroq‡ehwdrudqa`tw
70 @k&dwbdoshnmcdk`bk`rrdL+unhqoktra`rtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdtq enqld drs fkna`kdldms rhlhk`hqd ◊ bdkkd cdr oq‡ehwdr mnlhm`tw- Kdr
u`qh`shnmrnardqu‡drbnmbdqmdmskdrl·ldrbk`rrdr9bdkkdrcnmsk`enqldcd
a`rd drs 'B(N 'rnhs N+ JN+ LN+ ôN+ VN(+ D+ `hmrh ptd L ds MU- Bdr
u`qh`shnmr rnms rntudms ct l·ld sxod+ othrptd k` l`inqhs‡ c&dmsqd dkkdr
bnmbdqmdms k` pt`khs‡ cdr unxdkkdr- L`hr kdr b`trdr cd bdr u`qh`shnmr rnms
`hkkdtqr- Ontq kdr mnlr+ kd cdfq‡ c&ntudqstqd cdr unxdkkdr ‡s`hs bnll`mc‡
o`qk`q`bhmd-Kdroq‡ehwdrudqa`tw+dtw+mdoq‡rdmsdmsi`l`hroktrcdcdtw
u`qh`msdr9b&drspt&hkru`qhdmsdmenmbshnmcdk`lnc`khs‡`rodbstdkkd 70 +rdknm
k&noonrhshnmahm`hqd`bbnlokh.hm`bbnlokh9
d,vd h,c` . d,vd Ω,c`
E-chèvre E.inac-venir / E-chèvre E.acc-venir
k`bgfluqduhdms.k`bgfluqddrsudmtd
Ô,j`msÔ t,c` . Ô,j`msn Ô,c`
O-femme O.inac-venir / O-femme O.acc-venir
k`edllduhdms.k`edllddrsudmtd
»t,mjtcd »t,c` . »t,mjtcd »Ô,c`
ôO-oiseau ôO.inac-venir / ôO-oiseau ôO.acc-venir
k&nhrd`tuhdms.k&nhrd`tdrsudmt
Kdr unxdkkdr &mnm bdmsq`kdr& 'b&drs,◊,chqd mnm `( rnms edql‡dr ◊
k&hm`bbnlokh+ ntudqsdr ◊ k&`bbnlokh- Dkkdr md rnms i`l`hr lnxdmmdr- Tmd
hmsdqoq‡s`shnm onrrhakd cd bd og‡mnlflmd bnmrhrsd ◊ unhq c`mr k` enqld cd
k&hm`bbnlokh'unxdkkdedql‡d(k&hmektdmbdc&tmhrntr,i`bdms-Bdhl`qptddm
deedsk&hm`bbnlokh`udbkdrhmchbdrodqrnmmdkr9Ëh,c`iduhdmr'be-o-207(-K`
enqldcdk&`bbnlokh'unxdkkdntudqsd(ontqq`hs`knqr·sqdbnmrhc‡q‡dbnlld
k`enqldcda`rdctoq‡ehwd+o`q`m`knfhd`udbkdrenqldrnardqu‡drontqkdr

06/
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
hmchbdrodqrnmmdkr-@k&`bbnlokh+k`unxdkkdxdrseknss`msd+bnoh`msbdkkdcd
k`q`bhmd9Ë`,c`idrthrudmt-
K`bk`rrdMU
K` unxdkkd ct oq‡ehwd cd bk`rrd MU m&‡s`ms o`r ro‡bheh‡d+ dkkd bnmshmtd cd
u`qhdq dm enmbshnm cd k` oqdlhflqd unxdkkd cd k` q`bhmd- Sntsdenhr+ dkkd drs
rdmrhakd ◊ k&noonrhshnm c&`rodbs+ othrptd kd oq‡ehwd udqa`k drs q‡`khr‡ mh, ◊
k&hm`bbnlokh9
mΩ,lΩ mh,í`x . mΩ,lΩ m`,í`x
NV-abeille NV.inac-piquer / NV-abeille NV.acc-piquer
k&`adhkkdohptd.k&`adhkkd`ohpt‡
C`mr tm ‡mnmb‡ oqnmnmb‡ ◊ uhsdrrd mnql`kd+ k` chee‡qdmbd dmsqd kdr
oq‡ehwdr cdr bk`rrdr L ds LN cdu`ms tmd q`bhmd ◊ hmhsh`kd ,n drs ◊ odhmd
odqbdoshakdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
K` bnÊmbhcdmbd dmsqd bdssd u`qh`shnm ds bdkkd nardqu‡d ontq kd oq‡ehwd
mnlhm`k'be-o-054(drsenqsthsd-Hbh+k`oq‡rdmbdcdhm&drso`rbnmchshnmm‡d
o`q k` enqld cd k` q`bhmd l`hr cnhs ·sqd bnmrhc‡q‡d bnlld k` l`qptd
enqldkkdcdk&hm`bbnlokh-Hkr&`fhsctl·ldlnqogflldptdbdkth`rrnbh‡`tw
hmchbdrodqrnmmdkr9
Ëh,c` . Ë`,c` lh,c` . l`,c`
je.inac-venir / je.acc-venir tu.inac-venir / tu.acc-venir
iduhdmr.idrthrudmt
stuhdmr.stdrudmt
K`bk`rrdL
Kdru`qh`shnmrctoq‡ehwdudqa`kcdbk`rrdLmdcnhudmsqhdm◊k&noonrhshnm
c&`rodbs l`hr rnms bnmchshnmm‡dr+ bnlld ontq kd oq‡ehwd mnlhm`k+ o`q k`
enqldcdk`q`bhmd-Cdu`mstmdbnmrnmmd+Ldrsq‡`khr‡bnlldtmdm`r`kd
gnlnqf`mhptd- Dm qdu`mbgd+ cdu`ms tmd unxdkkd+ ds ◊ k` chee‡qdmbd ct
oq‡ehwdmnlhm`k'q‡`khr‡ËU,(+kdoq‡ehwdudqa`kdrsq‡`khr‡l9,'b&drs,◊,chqd
lrxkk`ahptd(9
Ën,nfn m,mΩ m9,fan»
M-caillou M-dém1 M-être gros
bdrohdqqdrrnmsfqnrrdr
Ën,nfn l9,nj `m Ω,l`m Ω,mΩ
M-caillou M-se trouver à E-riz E-dém
hkx`cdrb`hkkntwc`mrbdqhy

Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 060
Bnmetrhnmr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Nm rd rntuhdms ptd+ c`mr kd b`r cdr mnlr+ bdqs`hmdr u`qh`shnmr
oq‡uhrhakdrmdrnmso`r`ssdrs‡dr-Kdroq‡ehwdrmnlhm`twcdrbk`rrdrDdsN+
ontqs`msrntlhr◊k`qflfkdc&g`qlnmhr`shnmunb`khptd+mdrnmsi`l`hrq‡`khr‡r
hntt+oqna`akdldmsdmq`hrnmctqhrptdcdbnmetrhnm`udbkdroq‡ehwdrcdr
bk`rrdrHdsT-Kdrntr,rxrsflldcdroq‡ehwdrudqa`twmdbnmm`Âso`rbdsxod
cd khlhs`shnm- @t bnmsq`hqd+ kdr bnmetrhnmr x rnms l·ld uhqstdkkdldms
eq‡ptdmsdr+ othrptd kdr oq‡ehwdr cdr bk`rrdr D ds N rnms+ ◊ k&hm`bbnlokh+
q‡`khr‡rhcdmshptdr◊bdtwcdrbk`rrdrHdsT-Cdoktr+tmbdqs`hmmnlaqdcd
oq‡ehwdr udqa`tw md bnmm`hrrdms `tbtmd u`qh`shnm9 hk r&`fhs cd sntr kdr
oq‡ehwdrcdrbk`rrdrcdenqldB@+`hmrhptdbdtwcdrbk`rrdrH ds T- Ontq
bdrbk`rrdr+k&noonrhshnm`rodbstdkkdm&drssntsrhlokdldmso`rl`qpt‡drtqkd
oq‡ehwd 71 -
Hkx`cnmb+dmsqdkdmnldskdudqad+tmdchee‡qdmbdhlonqs`msdc`mrkd
sq`hsdldmscdroq‡ehwdrcdbk`rrdr-Kdrgnlnognmhdrpthrnmsrnhfmdtrdldms
‡uhs‡drc`mrtmb`rrnmspt`rhldmse`unqhr‡drc`mrk&`tsqd- C`mr k` rogflqd
mnlhm`kd+kdroq‡ehwdrintdmscnmbtmqÎkdoq‡bhr+dsr&noonrdmskdrtmr`tw
`tsqdr- @t bnmsq`hqd+ kdr oq‡ehwdr udqa`tw nms tmd enmbshnm ad`tbnto oktr
l‡b`mhptd+ pth drs cd l`qptdq k&`bbnqc `udb kd mnl ds+ ontq tmd o`qshd
c&dmsqddtw+cdonqsdqk`lnc`khs‡`rodbstdkkd-
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hcdmshptdrnmskdrbk`rrdr!unb`khptdr!+b&drs,◊,chqdN}TdsD} H- O`q k`
rthsd+ nm udqq` ptd c&`tsqdr fqntodr cd bk`rrdr o`qs`fd`ms tm sq`hs enqldk
'hbh+ kd b`q`bsflqd !unb`khptd!( odtudms unhq kdtqr oq‡ehwdr rd bnmenmcqd `t
rdhmc&tmrntr,rxrsflldb`s‡fnqhdk-
0-1-2 Kdbnmmdbshe
Rntrkdsdqldcd!bnmmdbshe!rnmsq`rrdlak‡rchudqr‡k‡ldmsrpthintdmstm
qÎkdbnlo`q`akdc`mrkdb`cqdcdk`c‡sdqlhm`shnmmnlhm`kd-Bdr‡k‡ldmsr
rdqudms ◊ qdkhdq cdtw mnlr dm ‡s`akhrr`ms dmsqd dtw tmd qdk`shnm cd
c‡sdqlhm`shnm '`t rdmr k`qfd(- Hkr r&`bbnqcdms dm bk`rrd `udb kd mnl
c‡sdqlhm‡-Dmunhbhptdkptdrdwdlokdr9
d,jdadmΩ,`l`msΩf`9o‡ohmcdo`o`xd
h,v`h,mqhx`,f9kdtqrbgdudtw
Ô,qÔËÔÔ,qhAtqtr9kdqnhcdAtqtr
ata,`»Ô,j`sÔ9s·sdcdonhrrnm
D,o‡ohm.D,bnmm-.o`o`xd
H,bgdudtw.H,bnmm-.X@,oq
N,qnh.N,bnmm-.Atqtr
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71 K` k`mftd ` c‡udknoo‡ oktrhdtqr rsq`s‡fhdr `ksdqm`shudr ontq bnmrdqudq k&noonrhshnm
c&`rodbs-Be-o-207

061
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
x`,mfax`x`,mqhÔ,f9rdrdme`msr
j`,iÔjÔj`,lOdcqn9k`l`hrnmcdOdcqn
j`,adj,`j`,jΩsΩ9ohmbdcdbq`ad
jt,lonmíjt,mQ`tk9kdbg`od`tcdQ`ntk
jÔ,c`jΩj,Ô,f9rnmohdc
m,jhch»l,Ω,oΩcΩ9gthkdc&`q`bghcd
lt,sdl,`jÔ,l`mcnfn9ohdcrcdl`mhnb
mΩ,lΩc`m,`j`,cÔlh9`l`qqdcdohqnftd
»`,mcd»,`»`,mrhmíh9itodrcdehk
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X@,dme`ms.X@,bnmm-.N,oq
J@,l`hrnm.J@,bnmm-.Odcqn
J@,i`lad.J@,bnmm-.J@,bq`ad
JN,bg`od`t.JN,bnmm-.Q`ntk
JN,ohdc.JN-bnmm-,N,oq
L,gthkd.L-bnmm-,D,`q`bghcd
LN,`qaqd.LN,bnmm-.JN,l`mhnb
MU,bnqcd.MU,bnmm-.J@,ohqnftd
ô@,itodr.ô@-bnmm-.ehk
ôN,bntstld.ôN-bnmm-,mntr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
C`mr kdr dwdlokdr bh,cdrrtr+ kdr l`qptdr c&`bbnqc rnms e`bhkdldms
hcdmsheh`akdr+ptdkkdptdrnhsk`enqldctbnmmdbshetshkhr‡ 72 9◊o`qsontqk`
bk`rrdT+cnmsk`l`qptdc&`bbnqcdrsa, 73 +dkkdrrnmssntintqr oqnbgdr cdr
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unb`khptd+rdtkdk`l`qptdc&`bbnqcdrsoq‡rdmsd9m,jhch»l,Ω,oΩcΩ9gthkd
c&`q`bghcd- @hmrh+ cdr bk`rrdr chee‡qdmsdr o`qs`fd`ms tmd l·ld bnmrnmmd
hmhsh`kd'J@dsJN+ô@dsôN+LdsLN(rnms,dkkdrhbhbnmenmctdr-C`mrkd
s`akd`trthu`ms+bdsdee`bdldmsdrsrxlankhr‡o`qcdro`qdmsgflrdr9
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l`qptd'r(c&`bbnqc
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Dm e`hs+ kdr cdtw oqdlhdqr dwdlokdr bh,cdrrtr hkktrsqdms tm tr`fd
onrrhakd cd bdqs`hmdr oq‡onrhshnmr 'hbh h(+ pth hmsdquhdmmdms o`qenhr c`mr k`
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73 Ontqk`q‡`khr`shnma`ctbnmmdbshecdbk`rrdT+be-o-057-

Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 062
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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cnmsnmhfmnqdontqk&hmrs`ms k` m`stqd dw`bsd+ l`hr cnms hk drs onrrhakd cd
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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WO.endroit circ WO-déjà-être noir
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WO.endroit circ WO.acc-avoir en quantité U-fourmi
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101
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
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ehftqd o`r ◊ k&hmudms`hqd cdr l`qptdr cd bk`rrdr cd k` k`mftd+ l`hr
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 102
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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chudqrdr l`qptdr cd bk`rrd rd c‡cthrdms cdr enqldr cd a`rd 'mns‡dr dm
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oq‡rdmsdms odt cd chudqrhs‡9 o`qlh kdr bnmrnmmdr nq`kdr+ `tbtmd bnmrnmmd
cdms`kdm&drshmhsh`kdcdl`qptdcdbk`rrd+ds kdr k`ah`kdr md rnms oq‡rdmsdr
ptdc`mrcdrbk`rrdrl`qfhm`kdr'A@dsVN(-Kdrm`r`kdr+dmqdu`mbgd+rnms
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103
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
kdr chudqr rxrsflldr bk`rrhehb`snhqdr ptd k&nm qdmbnmsqd `t rdhm cdr k`mftdr
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oqnsn,Mhfdq,Bnmfn+ hk md e`ts o`r bnmrhc‡qdq ptd k` oqhrd dm bg`qfd cd
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 130
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
1-1 Kdrc‡lnmrsq`sher
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 132
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdr cdtw enqldr onrrhakdr ct c‡lnmrsq`she 2 ',f`m } ,`m( odtudms
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
1-1-1 U`kdtqrcdrc‡lnmrsq`sher
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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137
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je-n'ai-pas-mangé / viande / dém3 / pourrie
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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année / dém3 / récolte / était-petite
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année / dém3 / que-je-suis-malade / c'est / circ. / tu-n'es-pas-encore-malade
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 138
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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/ dém3 / petit / alors-il-parle / et-être-là / et-appeler / gens, / aux / champs
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(...) / femmes / elles-sont / dans / dém3, / avec / dém3(YA) / qui-ont / esprits, /
x`nj`mj`mi`j`mm`---
elles-sont / dans / maison-sacrée / dém4...
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Ë`fax`llΩjtrΩjtmqΩËÔh`lÔ:l`j`c`ll`m`j`lhrΩdchcddjhhΩËÔ:
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hrΩΩmm`Ωmchl`llΩ`mmnnjdvache
/ dém4 / c'est-elle-qui-est-tombée / dans / puits.
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ils-sont-arrivés / anaph / ils-ont-déjà-pris / et-manger / et-finir / et-se-coucher / et-dormir
hkr 'kdr l`qhmr( rnms `qqhu‡r bdtw,k◊ 'kdr e`msÎldr( `u`hdms c‡i◊ l`mf‡+ ‡s`hdms
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 140
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/ chien / chemin / celui / autre-monde / c'est / quel
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/ a-dit / à / lui (enfant) / il-va / à / chemin / dém1 / sale, / chat / a-dit / il-va / à / dém4 / propre.
ÔjΩmΩ»ÔqΩmcÔ`ltmm`trhaÔjΩil(enfant)-s'est-tourné
/ est-allé / vers / dém4 / sale.
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Hkr&drschqhf‡udqrkdr`kd-
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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141
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 154
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161
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
C`mr kdr sdwsdr+ kdr oqnmnlr naidsr `ssdrs‡r `oqflr ,mqh rnms oqdrptd
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 162
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163
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 164
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
n,nj mjn» h ΩËn
O.acc-être là chez moi
hkdrsbgdylnh
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165
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bh odts u`qhdq- Dm e`hs+ ,q` odts ‡f`kdldms ehftqdq rdtk ◊ k` rthsd c&tm
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
»t,mjtcd »Ô,m`l jt,fax` jÔ,q` >
ôO-oiseau ôO.acc-être KO-sorte KO-quel
k&nhrd`tdrscdptdkkddroflbd>
lh,jh j`,mrtc j`,q` >
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mnlhm`k- L`hr k` cdl`mcd c&hmenql`shnm bnmsdmtd c`mr bg`btmd cd bdr
hmsdqqnf`shnmr bnmbdqmd sntintqr kd mnl c‡sdqlhm‡ o`q ,q`+ bdkth pth rd
sqntud `u`ms ds pth hlonrd k&`bbnqc- @hmrh+ kd c‡sdqlhm`ms l`mpt`ms drs
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 166
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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167
Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 168
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Kdbnmrshst`msmnlhm`k 170
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008

171
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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odt mnlaqdtw c`mr kd bnqotr ‡stch‡- Kdr rbgflldr cd bnlonrhshnm `ssdrs‡r
rnmskdrrthu`msr9
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rxms`fld mΩ,lΩc` m,` lÔ,j`sÔ a`mb cd onhrrnmr- Bd rxms`fld m&drs
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008

173
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
@oqflr `unhq o`rr‡ dm qdutd kdr b`q`bs‡qhrshptdr lnqogn,rxms`whptdr cdr
`bsdtqr cd k` c‡sdqlhm`shnm mnlhm`kd+ hk qdrsd ◊ e`hqd+ dm fthrd cd
bnmbktrhnm+ k&hmudms`hqd cdr chee‡qdmsr sxodr cd bnmrshst`msr mnlhm`tw-
K&dwoqdrrhnm !bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k! c‡rhfmd tmd q‡`khs‡ otqdldms
rxms`whptd9 hk r&`fhs c&tm eq`fldms cd k&‡mnmb‡ nbbto`ms tmd onrhshnm
bnlo`q`akd ◊ bdkkd pt&nbbtodq`hs tm mnl oqnoqd cd odqrnmmd 046 - Bdssd
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k&`ardmbdcdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrddstm`bbnqco`qshbtkhdq+b&drs,◊,chqdkdrmnlr
cd khdtw- Dm e`hs+ hk m&dm drs qhdm+ ds kdr mnlr cd khdtw odtudms e`bhkdldms
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◊Ahrr`t+hkx`ad`tbntocdl`hrnmr
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hku`e`hqdbg`tc
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Odcqnu`·sqdl`k`cd
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bnmrshst`ms mnlhm`k rtids m&dmkflud qhdm `t o`q`kk‡khrld cd rsqtbstqd cd bdr
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2-0 Kdmnl
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Hk drs bnlonr‡ c&tm oq‡ehwd cd bk`rrd ds c&tmd a`rd kdwhb`kd- Kd qÎkd cdr
oq‡ehwdr cd bk`rrd c`mr k` enql`shnm cdr mnlr ` ‡s‡ dw`lhm‡ dm c‡s`hk+ ds
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c&tmd a`rd kdwhb`kd drs qdk`shudldms odt bnmsq`hmsd+ bnlld k&`ssdrsdms kdr
mnlaqdtrdr onrrhahkhs‡r cd bnllts`shnmr- Dm ntsqd+ kd bgnhw c&tm oq‡ehwd
r&`bbnlo`fmd+ cd e`finm oktr nt lnhmr ‡uhcdmsd+ c&tmd q‡ctbshnm cd
k&dmrdlakd cdr q‡e‡qdmsr onrrhakdr cd k` mnshnm qdoq‡rdms‡d o`q k` a`rd
kdwhb`kd- @hmrh+ k` oq‡ehw`shnm c&tmd l`qptd cd bk`rrd `oo`q`Âs bnlld tmd
c‡sdqlhm`shnm hmsdqmd 'tm mnl m&drs o`r tm mnl r&hk m&drs o`r ltmh c&tm
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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QUATRIEME PARTIE
LE CONSTITUANT VERBAL
0 Kdrudqadr
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
0-0 Q`bhmdudqa`kd+a`rdudqa`kddsenqldudqa`kd
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0-1 Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdr
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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oo-20/ds207-

2/1
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
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k&naids9
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·sqddmonrrdrrhnmcd

Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 2/2
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rdtk- C`mr kd oqdlhdq dwdlokd+ b&drs kd rtids pth r&‡knhfmd+ c`mr kd rdbnmc
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version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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,snanjh9lnthkkdq+`qqnrdq

2/3
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
Bd rteehwd drs sqflr oqnctbshe l`hr+ bnmsq`hqdldms ◊ c&`tsqdr+ hk md rd
bnlahmd ptd q`qdldms ◊ cdr q`bhmdr udqa`kdr rhlokdr- Hk drs rntudms
`bbnlo`fm‡ctrteehwd,`j+cnmsk`u`kdtqoq‡bhrddrshbhcheehbhkd◊ldssqd
dm ‡uhcdmbd- Kdr q`bhmdr c‡qhu`akdr md rnms o`r sntsdr hmsq`mrhshudr ds kdr
u`kdtqr q‡rtks`msdr o`q`hrrdms o`qenhr dm c‡b`k`fd o`q q`oonqs ◊ k&no‡q`shnm
c‡bqhsdbh,cdrrtr9
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Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 2/4
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Hbhkdudqadc‡qhu‡ontqq`hs·sqdsq`cthso`qe`hqdqntfhq-Kdrdtkdloknh
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udqadr md rd oq‡rdmsdms ptd ltmhr cd ,h+ kdr q`bhmdr mtdr bnqqdronmc`msdr
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rnms l·ld rh mnlaqdtrdr ptd k&nm ontqq`hs ·sqd sdms‡ cd bnmrhc‡qdq bds
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2/5
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
,s`ms`jh9`mmnmbdq
,r`s`jh9rnteekdq'`udbtmrnteekds(
,rhí`jh9bnmshmtdqitrpt&◊+ontqrthuqdrnmbgdlhmudqr
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k&`ardmbd cd k&tshkhr`shnm bnlld udqadr cdr q`bhmdr mtdr bnqqdronmc`msdr+
lnmsqdptdbdrteehwddrsdmbntqrcdkdwhb`khr`shnm-
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rd sq`cthqd o`q bgdy- Nm ` ut `t bg`ohsqd oq‡b‡cdms kd khdm ‡sxlnknfhptd
onrrhakddmsqdkdrrteehwdr,`ds,`ldsbdqs`hmdroq‡onrhshnmr-Hbhkdq`oonqs
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
K`rteehw`shnmcd,`s`ontqdeedscdlnchehdqkdrs`stscdk&naidsctudqad9
cd o`shdms+ bdkth,bh cduhdms hmrsqtldms+ lnxdm- Bdssd u`kdtq drs ‡f`kdldms
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hmsdqbg`mfd`akdr9
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NV-couteau NV.inac-être aiguisé-instr NV-pierre
tmbntsd`tr&`hfthrd`udbtmdohdqqd
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`rrtq‡d o`q kd oqdlhdq mnl pth kd oq‡bflcd- C`mr k&dwdlokd pth rths+
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
C`mr bds dwdlokd+ kd udqad dm ,`s drs oq‡b‡c‡ cd k` l`qptd
r‡ptdmshdkkdm,+pthqdlok`bddsqdoqdmckdcdqmhdqrtidsdwoqhl‡+hbhk&hmchbd
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2/7
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
Hk drs odqlhr cd rtoonrdq ptd k&hc‡d cd lntudldms bnmsdmtd c`mr k`
q`bhmd udqa`kd ,`s ` ot f‡m‡qdq k` u`kdtq hmbgn`shud ct rteehwd ,`s- O`q
`hkkdtqr+ k` u`kdtq c&`bgfludldms ptd qdmc k` fknrd `ssdhmcqd rtoonrd tmd
rntqbd ds tm ats+ mnshnmr pth odtudms ·sqd lhrdr dm o`q`kkflkd+
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oh‡shmdq ; ,sd ·sqd cdants+ ,sÔj,`s `ootxdq ; ,sÔj sntbgdq(+ hkr rnms sqflr
l`qfhm`tw-
0-2-4 ,`m9q‡bhoqnptd,`rrnbh`she:a‡m‡e`bshe
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kd rteehwd ,`m lnchehd kd q`oonqs dmsqd kd oqnbflr ds rnm naids- C`mr kd
oqdlhdqb`r'q‡bhoqnptd,`rrnbh`she(+k&naidsodqcr`enmbshnmcdo`shdmsontq
cdudmhq bn,`fdms ct oqnbflr- Hk drs `knqr oq‡b‡c‡ cd k` bnminmbshnm m` ds+
`udb-Bdssdu`kdtqcd,`mdrshkktrsq‡do`qk&dwdlokdrthu`ms9
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hk`qdmbnmsq‡@msnmhn
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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odts·sqd◊k&hm`bbnlokhdsdwoqhldqtmdf‡m‡q`khs‡+nt◊k&`bbnlokhontqtm
oqnbflronmbstdk+l`hrkdrdbnmcdrssntintqr◊k&`bbnlokh9

Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 246
lÔ,a` lt,fa`l Ë`,j`,Ë`jo`»
MO-serpents MO.inac-mettre 1s.acc-cons-avoir peur
kdrrdqodmsrldenmsodtq
d,anníh Ω,fa`l Ë`,j`,Ë`jo`»
E-chien E.acc-mettre 1s.inac-cons-avoir peur
kdbghdml&`e`hsodtq
Kd oq‡ehwd j@, qdrrdlakd cd oqflr ◊ k` l`qptd cd m‡f`shnm cd
k&`bbnlokh'be-o-23/(-Ontqs`ms+kdrcdtwoq‡ehwdrrnmschee‡qdmsr9
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m‡f`shnmdrs`bbdmst‡d+`knqrptdk`l`qptdctbnmr‡btshesq`mrldsk&`bbdms◊
k`rxkk`adrthu`msd9
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Ô,jÿ,c`9hkm&drso`rudmt
Ô,j`,cÿ9`knqrhkdrsudmt
,Hkrm&nbbtodmso`rkdrl·ldronrhshnmrrsqtbstq`kdr+bdpthkdtqodqldscd
rd bnlahmdq- C`mr bd b`r+ k` l`qptd ct bnmr‡btshe uhdms dm oqdlhflqd
onrhshnm ds k` l`qptd cd m‡f`shnm drs oq‡b‡c‡d cd M,+ bnlld `oqflr sntsd
`tsqddwsdmrhnmudqa`kd'be-o-23/(-Dkkddrs`bbdmst‡d+bdpthr`shre`hs`tw
qflfkdroqnonr‡drbh,cdrrtr9
Ô,j`,mjÿ,c`9`knqrhkm&drso`rudmt
Nm`utoktrg`ts'o-230(pt&`toq‡ehwda`,'uhqstdk(bnqqdronmc`hstm
lnqogflld a` hmc‡odmc`ms+ cd u`kdtq oqnbgd- Tmd rhst`shnm rhlhk`hqd
r&nardqud`udbkdoq‡ehwdj@,-Hkdwhrsddmdeedstmlnqogflldhmc‡odmc`ms
j`+ fknr‡ bhqb+ ontq bhqbnmrs`ms- Bd lnqogflld odqlds c&hmsqncthqd tmd
qdk`shnm oq‡chb`shud rdbnmc`hqd pt&hk oq‡rdmsd bnlld bnmbnlhs`msd ◊ k`
qdk`shnmoq‡chb`shudoqhmbho`kd-Bdssdbnmbnlhs`mbdodtsrhfm`kdqtmdrhlokd
bhqbnmrs`mbd+ l`hr `trrh tmd bnmchshnm+ tmd b`trd+ dsb- K` oqnonrhshnm
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Ëh,l`r s` m,qh` j` ln,jnq vÔ,f
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j` x`,Ë`jo`» s` l,ot»`+ `,x`,a`,ot»`
circ YA-avoir peur de ô-sortir nég.inac-YA-virt-sortir
bnllddkkdrnmsodtqcdrnqshq+dkkdrmdrnqshqnmso`r

247
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
2-3 Kdrenqldrudqa`kdrenb`khr`msdr
Hk r&`fhs cd enqldr udqa`kdr odqldss`ms k&dwoqdrrhnm cd qdk`shnmr pth rd
sq`cthrdmsdmeq`mfi`hro`qcdrbnmrsqtbshnmrsdkkdrptdb&drsWpth---9
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qdk`shnmoq‡chb`shud ‡s`ms gnqr `rrdqshnm+ oq‡rdms‡d o`q k&‡mnmbh`sdtq bnlld
oq‡bnmrsqthsd+c‡i◊ltmhdcdrnmqdo‡q`fd‡mnmbh`she-Pthchsenb`khr`shnmchs
C`mr tmd o`qshd cdr b`r `t lnhmr+ j` hmc‡odmc`ms hmsqncths tmd
c‡odmc`mbddmsqdcdtwqdk`shnmroq‡chb`shudr-L`hrrhkdoq‡ehwdj@,rhfm`kd
oktsÎstmdbnmr‡ptdmbd+k`qdk`shnmoq‡chb`shudrthu`msk&hmc‡odmc`msj`drs
c`u`ms`fd oq‡rdms‡d bnlld `ms‡qhdtqd ◊ k` oqhmbho`kd+ c&n kdr u`kdtqr cd
b`trddscdbnmchshnm-
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udqa`kdodtscnmb·sqddwsq`onr‡-R`onqs‡dr&‡sdmc`knqr◊k&dmrdlakdcdk`
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a`+‡s`akhrrdldmsc&tmdc‡odmc`mbdontqj`-Drs,hkonrrhakdc&‡sdmcqdbdssd
hmsdqoq‡s`shnm ◊ c&`tsqdr ‡k‡ldmsr ct rxrsflld udqa`k > B&drs bd ptd mntr
`kknmrunhq`udbk&dw`ldmcdrenqldrudqa`kdrenb`khr`msdr-
`rrdqshnmchrrnbh‡dcdk`qdk`shnmoq‡chb`shud'B@QNM+0887(-
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enb`khr`shnm ct rtids- Dkkdr md rnms pt&tm cdr oqnb‡c‡r tshkhr‡r- Kdr `tsqdr
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enqldr rhlokdr bnqqdronmc`msdr- Nm ` cnmb cdtw o`q`chfldr+ rthu`ms
k&noonrhshnm `bbnlokh . hm`bbnlokh- Ontq rhlokhehdq k` oq‡rdms`shnm+ kdr
dwdlokdrrnmsoqhr`udbkdudqad,c`udmhq+pth`kdcntakd`u`ms`fdc&·sqd
hmsq`mrhshe ds bntqs: kdr o`q`chfldr md rnms o`r bnlokdsr+ kdr hmchbdr cd
bk`rrdm&‡s`msqdoq‡rdms‡rptdo`qkdrcdtwbk`rrdrNdsX@9

Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 248
`bbnlokh
rhlokd
enb`khr`ms
idrthrudmt+
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b&drssnhpthdrudmt+dsb-
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1o mÿ,c` ÿ,mh,M,c`
bk-N ,c` Ô,M,cÿ
bk-X@ xÿ,c` x`,M,cÿ
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
hm`bbnlokh
rhlokd
enb`khr`ms
iduhdmr
stuhdmr+dsbb&drslnhpthuhdmr+
b&drssnhpthuhdmr+dsb-
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bk-N Ò,c` t,cÿ
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k&hmchbdrtidsdrstmhmchbdodqrnmmdknttmhmchbdcdbk`rrd-Cdoktr+k&hmchbd
odqrnmmdk0roq‡rdmsdtmbnlonqsdldmso`qshbtkhdq-@k&`bbnlokh+nmmnsdk`
oq‡rdmbd c&tm M, dmsqd k&hmchbd rtids ds k` q`bhmd udqa`kd 'bds ‡k‡ldms drs
q‡`khr‡ll,cdu`mstmdunxdkkd(-
2-3-0 Kdrhmchbdrodqrnmmdkr
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oq‡rdmbdc&tm`,oq‡ehw‡◊k&hmchbdodqrnmmdkds`bbdmst‡+bdpthodqldscdkd
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25/
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
k&hm`bbnlokh+k`q‡`khr`shnm‰,odts·sqditrsheh‡do`qk`m‡bdrrhs‡c&noonrdqkdr
cdtw`rodbsrdmqdrshst`msk`l`qptdf‡m‡q`kdcdk&hm`bbnlokh+pthdrsh-
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o`q`kkflkdldms`tbnlonqsdldmscdk&hmchbdodqrnmmdk1oo`qdwdlokd9hm`bÿ,mh,c`
. `bb- ÿ,mh,m,c`- K&`l`kf`ld cd k&h-o- 1r drs ◊ q`ooqnbgdq ct
bnlonqsdldms f‡m‡q`k cd bds hmchbd odqrnmmdk 'be- o- 207(9 hk drs o`qenhr
q‡`khr‡r`mrrtoonqsunb`khptd-K`enqldÿmc`rdq`hsdmrsqtbstqdÿ,l,M,c`-
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Kdr hmchbdr odqrnmmdkr oktqhdkr rnms q‡`khr‡r cd k` l·ld e`finm ◊
k&hm`bbnlokh ds ◊ k&`bbnlokh9 ÿ,sh,c` b&drs mntr pth udmnmr+ ÿ,sh,m,c` b&drs
mntrpthrnlldrudmtr-C`mrkdoqdlhdqb`r+kdh,drsbnmrhc‡q‡bnlldk`
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2-3-1 Kdrhmchbdrcdbk`rrd
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enqldrhlokd.enqldenb`khr`msddrsl`qpt‡do`qk`onrhshnmcdk&`bbdmsdsk`
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oq‡bnmrsqtbshnm+ pth oq‡rdmsd k` qdk`shnm oq‡chb`shud bnlld md e`hr`ms o`r
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udmt'khss-Odcqn.pth.drsudmt(-

Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 250
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
Hkdwhrsdtmoq‡ehwdÿ,hms‡fq‡◊k`enqldudqa`kdptdk&nm`fknr‡o`q
dmehm 'be- o- 238(- Hk odqlds cd oq‡rdmsdq k` qdk`shnm oq‡chb`shud bnlld
`ssdmctd+ oq‡utd- Bdr u`kdtqr nms ‡s‡ q`ss`bg‡dr ◊ k` mnshnm f‡m‡q`kd cd
oq‡bnmrsqtbshnm- O`q `hkkdtqr+ nm ` qdl`qpt‡ ptd bdqs`hmr oq‡ehwdr 'a`,
uhqstdk ds j@, bnmr‡btshe( odtudms rd oq‡rdmsdq rntr cdr enqldr
hmc‡odmc`msdrctbnmrshst`msudqa`k+ bdssd dwsq`onrhshnm r&`bbnlo`fm`ms cd
u`qh`shnmroktrntlnhmrhlonqs`msdrcdkdtqu`kdtqdms`msptdoq‡ehwdr-Kd
l‡b`mhrld ◊ k&ndtuqd hbh rdlakd `rrdy oqnbgd+ ahdm ptd kd ÿ, cdr enqldr
enb`khr`msdrmdrnhso`rsns`kdldmshmc‡odmc`msctbnmrshst`msudqa`k'cte`hs
mns`lldmscdr`l`kf`ldrbnmrs`s‡r`udbk&hmchbdodqrnmmdk0r(-
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hmchbd cd bk`rrd drs !bnlodmr‡d! o`q tm c‡ok`bdldms cd k&`bbdms9 Ò,c` hk
uhdms . t,cÿ b&drs kth pth uhdms- @udb kdr hmchbdr odqrnmmdkr+ k&`bbdms onqsd
rtq k` l`qptd cd enb`khr`shnm+ l`hr md rd c‡ok`bd o`r9 hk qdrsd rtq k`
oqdlhflqdrxkk`ad9s‰,c`mntrudmnmr.ÿ,sh,c`b&drsmntrpthudmnmr-
2-3-3 Kdoq‡ehwdM,cdk&`bbnlokhenb`khr`ms
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dmsq`Âmd tmd q‡`khr`shnm edql‡d cd k` unxdkkd ct oq‡ehwd 'bnlonqsdldms
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k&Âkdc&Tmndrsoktrknhmptdk&ÂkdcdQta`md

251
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
@udbkdr`tsqdrbk`rrdr+k`bnmetrhnmdwhrsdc‡i◊dmsqdkdrcdtwsdqldr
cd k&noonrhshnm c&`rodbs ontq kdr enqldr rhlokdr9 xÿ,c` hkr uhdmmdms } hkr
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lnldms `ms‡qhdtq `t lnldms cd k&‡mnmbh`shnm- Kd M, pth mntr nbbtod hbh
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K&noonrhshnmc&`rodbsdrsmdtsq`khr‡d9

Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 252
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k`mftdtel-00347666,
version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
vd s` `l `mΩ Ôm,m`l Ô,mr,` @msnmhn >
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 266
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m&drs o`r khlhs‡- Dm ntsqd+ m&hlonqsd ptdk udqad odts nbbtodq k` oqdlhflqd
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273
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
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c&tmd r‡qhd cd udqadr bnnqcnmm‡r+ bnlld oqdlhdq ‡k‡ldms+ nt dm s`ms
pt&‡k‡ldms bnnqcnmm‡+ `tptdk b`r k&`twhkh`hqd m&drs o`r ek‡bgh+ l`hr drs
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2-7-2 K&`twhkh`shnmhmchqdbsd
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275
Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Kdbnmrshst`msudqa`k 276
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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277
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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BCGP : Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa
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A N N E X E 1 : STAT I S T I Q U E S
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A N N E X E 2 : LEXIQUES
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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o`r r`mr onrdq ptdkptdr oqnakflldr9 kdr mnlr odtudms ·sqd bk`rr‡r o`q
hmhsh`kdcdq`bhmdnto`qhmhsh`kdcdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrd-K`oqdlhflqdrnktshnm◊
k&`u`ms`fd cd odqldssqd k` bnlo`q`hrnm cdr q`bhmdr: k` rdbnmcd odqlds cd
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c`mrkdkdwhptd-Nm`cnmb`cnos‡k`oq‡rdms`shnmrthu`msd9
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tmdl`qptdc&`rodbsrtook‡ldms`hqd'be-o-210(-
Abréviations :
M9mnl:MO9mnloqnoqd:Mb9mnlbnlonr‡:Mbhqb9 m- bhqbnmrs`mbhdk : U9
udqad : `ci9 `cidbshe : `cu9 `cudqad : bk9 bk`rrd : bnmm-9 bnmmdbshe : c‡hbs-9
c‡hbshptd:c‡l0+c‡l1+c‡l2+c‡l39c‡lnmrsq`she0+1+2+3:c‡s-9c‡sdqlhm`ms:
hms9hmsdqqnf`she:ho9hmchbdodqrnmmdk:knf9knfnognqhptd:mtl9mtl‡q`k:nai9
naids : o`qs- 9 o`qshbtkd ‡mnmb- : oo9 oqnmnl odqrnmmdk : oq9 oqnmnl : oq‡o9
oq‡onrhshnm:oq‡obnlo9oq-bnlokdwd:ou9oq‡ehwdudqa`k:pt`k-9pt`khehdtq:
pt`ms-9pt`mshehdtq: ro9 rxms`fld oq‡o- : rta9 rtanqcnmm`ms : rti9 rtids : ru9
rteehwdudqa`k:

3/1
Kdwhptd
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
`
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'a`qq`btc`(< kr. békúda

Kdwhptd 3/2
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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,cnqnj(V)bntbg‡'·sqd(+rdbntbgdq

3/3
Kdwhptd
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
,cnqnjh(V)bntbgdq+e`hqdcnqlhq+knfdq:
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008

Kdwhptd 3/6
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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»tattíΩ(N-»N(ahrd+a`hrdq
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»tcta`».mcta`»(N-»N.L(l`k`chd
»tctjtctj`(N-»N(aqnthkk`qc
»tihiÔj`.ltihiÔj`(N-»N.LN(eqnhc
»tihqh(N-»N(hmsdkkhfdmbd< kr. jiru
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»tjhm`(N-»N(bntqrd
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»totmch``s`.ltotmch``s`(N-»N.LN(
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'qdpthm,shfqd(

307
Kdwhptd
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
»tsd.ltsd(N-»N.LN(`qaqd+ok`msd+aŸsnm+
ontsqd
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bk`mro-Z

Kdwhptd 308
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
nmnj`.x`mnj`(N-N.X@(ldlaqdc&tmbk`m
ro-Z

31/
Kdwhptd
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
,oΩm'mh((V)e`hqdppbgenqs+ad`tbnto
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Kdwhptd 310
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
rΩlÔc`(N-D(`tlÎmd< kr. smola
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311
Kdwhptd
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
,stmc'd,V)bnfmdq+cnmmdqcdrbntor
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Kdwhptd'hmcdwcdrq`bhmdr( 316
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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317
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Kdwhptd'hmcdwcdrq`bhmdr( 318
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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33/
Kdwhptd'hmcdwcdrq`bhmdr(
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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Kdwhptd'hmcdwcdrq`bhmdr( 330
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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331
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tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008
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,íhmc díhmcn.jtíhmcnok`enmc+snhs
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kdrb`kda`rrdr---(
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snhs
,íhmjh díhmjh . jtíhmjh sq`udqrdr+ rtq
tmdohqnftd
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,íÔmm`mrdq‡tmhq+rdq`rrdlakdq
,íÔmm`mhq‡tmhq+q`rrdlakdq
ΩíÔmm`mΩ . jÔíÔmm`mΩ q‡tmhnm :
khdtcdq‡tmhnm+◊bÎs‡ctuhkk`fd
,ínmfnjsnqct+dmyhf,y`f'·sqd(
,ínmfnínmfnj cd sq`udqr+ dm
yhfy`f'·sqd(
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ohdqqdro->(
dínmí}Ωmí.jnínmí}jÔmíontkd+
ontkds

Kdwhptd'hmcdwcdrq`bhmdr( 332
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,ín»»h dín»»h.hín»»hahint
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drb`qfns
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ΩxÔ.hxÔaÚbgd+anhr◊aqÚkdq
> `g`mnm
> msdlo`so`qcnm

I N D E X
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absolu 347; 353
accent 52–58; 62; 150; 151; 152; 325;
327; 343; 357; 360; 361
accompli 16; 318; 319; 322; 328; 332
— focalisant 359; 361
accord 16; 67; 83; 131; 146–48; 156; 158;
172; 260; 318; 321; 371
actant 83; 143
adjectif 74–75; 76; 253
adverbe 136; 142
agent 82; 148; 227; 300
agentif 303; 329
amalgame 105; 110; 120; 243; 264; 276;
326; 339; 348; 360; 365
anaphorique 174; 189; 249
antécédent 371
aspect 16; 255; 318; 319; 326; 327
assimilation 103
associatif 222; 308; 324
augmentatif 191; 210
autre 75; 77; 258; 267
auxiliaire 16; 86; 87–90; 142; 332; 382;
385
auxiliation 18; 114; 231; 379; 390
— directe 379; 382
— indirecte 379; 384
base lexicale 53; 159; 285
base verbale 16; 32; 78; 79; 289
bénéfactif 86; 308; 309
causatif 303; 324
centrifuge 96; 224; 299
centripète 299
chaque 267
circonstant 83; 92; 143; 255; 263
classe nominale 16; 66; 158; 179; 213
classe verbale 80; 231; 322; 324; 325
comparaison 125; 365
composition nominale 282
confusion 27; 103; 162; 171; 187; 244;
261; 320; 321; 362
connectif 69; 77; 91; 131; 171; 241; 268;
280
consécutif 121; 152; 355; 381
constituant nominal 17; 65; 66; 67; 73;
77; 142; 158; 232; 284
constituant verbal 18; 289
coordination 123; 147
— verbale 87; 379; 381
défini 247; 248
déictique 95; 145
démonstratif 71; 72; 76; 174; 242
dépendance 16; 227; 335; 336; 341; 355;
358
dérivation 179; 215
— interne 292
— verbale 16; 81; 218; 229; 253; 297;
315
— verbo-nominale 218
classe de — 210
déterminant
— interrogatif 77; 281
détermination nominale 16; 69
— directe 241
— externe 240
— indirecte 241
dialecte 10; 13; 31; 64
diminutif 182; 190; 201; 212
directionnel 101
duratif 345
emprunt 23; 24; 163; 176; 182; 267
verbes 291
énoncé 143
extension verbale 79; 366; 391
extraction 109; 263; 280
focalisation 143; 151; 154; 157; 352; 358
— négative 362
forme verbale 78; 289
— complexe 290; 334
— simple 290
futur 238; 248; 342; 348
genre 159; 179; 180; 214
habituel 301; 331; 338; 354
harmonie vocalique 16; 43
hypothèse 341
identification 154; 328; 358; 363; 365
inaccompli 16; 318; 319; 330; 331; 332
— focalisant 359

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indice
— objet 81; 148
— personnel 16; 78; 83; 145; 318
— sujet 16; 78; 145; 290; 318; 321
infinitif 67; 229; 389
injonctif 346; 354
injonction 152
instrumental 86; 108; 122; 218; 221; 265;
306
intensif 190; 295
interrogation 149
intonation 52; 53; 150
itération 261; 268
localisation 93; 129; 328
logophorique 145; 235; 296
longueur vocalique 27; 41; 52; 58–61
moyen 82; 218; 223; 296; 297; 303
nasalisation 37
nasalité 34–40
négation 323; 335; 339; 340; 350
nom 53; 65; 66; 73; 285
— circonstanciel 70; 236
— de lieu 95; 107; 146; 161; 273
— de partie du corps 97; 106; 130;
186; 196; 272; 279
— déictique 244; 252
— propre 66; 168
— relationnel 68
notion 183; 184; 188; 194; 214; 216; 285;
372
numéral 241; 257; 260
— ordinal 264
objet 16; 82; 143; 145; 148–49
particule énonciative 138; 142
passé neutre 336
passé révolu 337
passif 227; 255
pluriel 159; 213
possession 109; 271; 272
préconstruit 109; 276; 361
préfixe 66; 166
préposition 16; 83; 91–130; 142; 280;
281; 387
procès agentif 303
pronom 68; 71; 232; 271; 281; 374
— de classe 71
— interrogatif 73; 97; 150; 365
— objet 173; 232
— objet interne 235; 376
— personnel 72; 122; 132; 145; 234
— réfléchi 73; 235
qualifieur 74; 77; 226; 241; 253
quantifieur 76; 77; 241; 255; 257; 266
racine
— verbale 54; 79; 218
racine verbale 253; 289; 290
— double 294
— érodée 290
— étendue 292
— longue 291
réciproque 308
réfléchi 296
relative 18; 148; 226; 241; 371–78
résultatif 222; 310; 338
révolu 326; 337; 338; 343; 344
schème syllabique 31
singulier 159; 213
subordination 91; 133; 356
suffixe 60; 312
sujet 82; 143; 145–48
syllabe 29–33; 34; 53; 60
T 0 334
temps 255; 330; 332; 335; 336
topicalisation 143; 155
tout 57; 75; 136; 141; 258; 266
type de procès 189; 332; 333
valence 81; 82; 143; 223; 297; 303
verbe 65; 289
virtuel 261; 319; 329; 335; 341
visée 335; 344; 350

T A B L E D E S M AT I E R E S
Avant-propos .....................................................................................................................4
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INTRODUCTION : PRÉSENTATION GÉNÉRALE
1 Le terrain.....................................................................................................................7
1.1 Situation géographique - carte.............................................................................7
1.2 Aperçu historique ................................................................................................7
1.3 Situation démographique.....................................................................................8
1.4 La société bijogo..................................................................................................8
1.5 L'île de Bubaque..................................................................................................9
2 La langue ..................................................................................................................10
2.1 Dialectes ............................................................................................................10
2.2 Inventaire des travaux........................................................................................11
2.2.1 Listes lexicales............................................................................................12
2.2.2 Textes .........................................................................................................12
2.2.3 Autres..........................................................................................................12
2.3 Situation sociolinguistique ................................................................................13
2.4 Les conditions d'enquête....................................................................................14
2.5 Le corpus ...........................................................................................................15
2.6 Aperçu typologique ...........................................................................................15
3 Cadre théorique, méthodologie et plan de description .............................................17
PREMIÈRE PARTIE : PHONOLOGIE
1 Consonnes.................................................................................................................19
1.1 Paires minimales................................................................................................19
1.2 Tableau des consonnes ......................................................................................22
1.3 Inventaires positionnels .....................................................................................23
1.4 Combinaisons de consonnes..............................................................................24
2 Voyelles....................................................................................................................25
2.1 Paires minimales................................................................................................25
2.2 Combinaisons de voyelles .................................................................................26
3 Structures syllabiques...............................................................................................29
3.1 La syllabe...........................................................................................................29
3.2 Les schèmes syllabiques....................................................................................31
4 Le fonctionnement de la nasalité..............................................................................34
4.1 NC ou N-C : le problème des prénasalisées ......................................................34
4.2 La nasalisation des voyelles...............................................................................37
4.3 La chute de /»/ intervocalique ...........................................................................38
4.4 La nasalité et les voyelles fermées.....................................................................39
5 Combinatoire - Statistiques ......................................................................................41

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5.1 Les voyelles....................................................................................................... 41
5.1.1 Fréquence absolue des voyelles................................................................. 41
5.1.2 Combinatoire des voyelles......................................................................... 42
5.2 Les consonnes................................................................................................... 44
5.2.1 Fréquence absolue des consonnes en %..................................................... 44
5.2.2 Combinatoire des consonnes ..................................................................... 46
5.2.3 Inventaires positionnels ............................................................................. 48
5.3 Les combinaisons C-V...................................................................................... 49
6 Prosodie : accent et longueur vocalique................................................................... 52
6.1 L'accent ............................................................................................................. 52
6.1.1 L'hypothèse tonale...................................................................................... 52
6.1.2 Les noms.................................................................................................... 53
6.1.3 Le système verbal....................................................................................... 54
6.1.4 Les autres unités......................................................................................... 57
6.1.5 Conclusion sur l'accent .............................................................................. 57
6.2 Longueur vocalique........................................................................................... 58
6.3 Conclusion sur les faits prosodiques................................................................. 62
7 Aperçu sur les variations dialectales........................................................................ 64
DEUXIÈME PARTIE : LES PARTIES DU DISCOURS
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 65
2 Le nom et ses satellites ............................................................................................ 66
2.1 Le nom .............................................................................................................. 66
2.1.1 Noms propres............................................................................................. 66
2.1.2 Noms communs ......................................................................................... 66
2.1.3 Infinitifs (cf. p. 229)................................................................................... 67
2.1.4 Noms relationnels ...................................................................................... 68
2.1.5 Nominoïdes................................................................................................ 70
2.1.6 Noms circonstanciels (cf. p. 236) .............................................................. 70
2.1.7 Pronoms (cf. p. 232) .................................................................................. 71
2.2 Les satellites du nom......................................................................................... 73
2.2.1 Les adjectifs : noms particuliers ou catégorie à part ?............................... 74
2.2.2 Démonstratifs (cf. p. 242).......................................................................... 76
2.2.3 Déterminants interrogatifs ......................................................................... 77
3 Le verbe et ses extensions........................................................................................ 78
3.1 La base verbale et ses affixes............................................................................ 78
3.1.1 Caractéristiques du verbe........................................................................... 78
3.1.2 Extensions du verbe................................................................................... 79
3.2 Les types de verbes........................................................................................... 81
3.2.1 Verbes monovalents ou verbes intransitifs stricts...................................... 84
3.2.2 Verbes mono- ou bivalents ........................................................................ 84
3.2.3 Verbes bivalents ou verbes transitifs stricts............................................... 85
3.2.4 Verbes bi- ou trivalents.............................................................................. 85
3.2.5 Verbes quadrivalents.................................................................................. 86
3.3 Verbes auxiliaires (p. 379)................................................................................ 87
3.3.1 V 1 + m, + V 2 ............................................................................................... 87
3.3.2 V 1 + s` + », + V 2 ....................................................................................... 88

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3.3.3 V 1 + »n, + V 2 .............................................................................................89
4 Les relateurs..............................................................................................................91
4.1 Prépositions .......................................................................................................91
4.1.1 Présentation ................................................................................................91
4.1.2 La préposition h...........................................................................................94
4.1.3 La préposition `..........................................................................................96
4.1.4 La préposition d ..........................................................................................97
4.1.5 La préposition dsh .......................................................................................98
4.1.6 La préposition j`m ...................................................................................101
4.1.7 La préposition `l ....................................................................................103
4.1.8 La préposition s`'}sh(............................................................................107
4.1.9 La préposition `m .....................................................................................115
4.1.10 La préposition `jh ..................................................................................120
4.1.11 La préposition l` ..................................................................................121
4.1.12 La préposition jh ....................................................................................122
4.1.13 La préposition sdjd ................................................................................122
4.1.14 La préposition m` et, avec ......................................................................123
4.1.15 Conclusion sur les prépositions ..............................................................129
4.2 Connectifs (p. 268) ..........................................................................................131
4.2.1 ,` ..............................................................................................................131
4.2.2 ,m ..............................................................................................................131
4.2.3 ,mqh},mh},qh ........................................................................................132
4.2.4 ,q`.............................................................................................................133
4.3 Subordonnants .................................................................................................133
5 Autres catégories ....................................................................................................136
5.1 Adverbes..........................................................................................................136
5.1.1 cddjh et ses dérivés..................................................................................136
5.1.2 Les adverbes locatifs.................................................................................137
5.1.3 Autres adverbes ........................................................................................138
5.2 Particules énonciatives ....................................................................................138
5.2.1 `cd}`ms` (kr.).......................................................................................139
5.2.2 `lad ........................................................................................................139
5.2.3 ad..............................................................................................................140
5.2.4 jΩmj`.......................................................................................................140
5.2.5 `mΩ............................................................................................................141
5.3 Idéophones, interjections, onomatopées ? .......................................................141
6 Récapitulatif : classement des parties du discours..................................................142
7 Structures de l'énoncé.............................................................................................143
7.1 Actants et circonstants.....................................................................................143
7.2 Sujet et objet ....................................................................................................145
7.2.1 Le sujet .....................................................................................................145
7.2.2 L'objet.......................................................................................................148
7.3 L'énoncé assertif ..............................................................................................149
7.4 L'interrogation..................................................................................................149
7.5 L'injonction......................................................................................................152
7.6 La focalisation .................................................................................................154
7.7 La topicalisation ..............................................................................................155

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TROISIÈME PARTIE : LE CONSTITUANT NOMINAL
1 Les classes nominales ............................................................................................ 158
1.1 Présentation..................................................................................................... 158
1.1.1 Classes et genres, singulier et pluriel....................................................... 159
1.1.2 Inventaire ................................................................................................. 160
1.1.3 Règles de réalisation ................................................................................ 162
1.2 Les formes des préfixes de classe................................................................... 166
1.2.1 Les préfixes nominaux............................................................................. 166
1.2.2 Les préfixes verbaux................................................................................ 169
1.2.3 Le connectif ............................................................................................. 171
1.2.4 Les pronoms objet.................................................................................... 173
1.2.5 Les démonstratifs..................................................................................... 174
1.2.6 Conclusion sur les formes des préfixes de classe .................................... 175
1.3 Les emprunts................................................................................................... 176
1.4 Influence des marqueurs de classes sur les unités lexicales............................ 179
1.4.1 Les classes O et YA................................................................................. 180
1.4.2 La classe E ............................................................................................... 182
1.4.3 La classe KO............................................................................................ 185
1.4.4 La classe ôO............................................................................................ 188
1.4.5 La classe KA............................................................................................ 190
1.4.6 La classe ôA............................................................................................ 195
1.4.7 La classe NV............................................................................................ 198
1.4.8 La classe MO ........................................................................................... 200
1.4.9 La classe M .............................................................................................. 202
1.4.10 La classe I............................................................................................... 204
1.4.11 La classe U............................................................................................. 206
1.4.12 La classe BA .......................................................................................... 210
1.4.13 La classe WO......................................................................................... 211
1.4.14 Curiosités ............................................................................................... 212
1.5 Conclusion sur les classes nominales ............................................................. 213
1.5.1 Morphologie............................................................................................. 213
1.5.2 La classification nominale et l'opposition singulier/pluriel ..................... 213
1.5.3 Aspect sémantique des classes nominales ............................................... 215
1.5.4 Vue d'ensemble........................................................................................ 216
1.6 La dérivation verbo-nominale......................................................................... 218
1.6.1 Les racines ............................................................................................... 218
1.6.2 Les préfixes de classe............................................................................... 219
1.6.3 Les suffixes verbaux ................................................................................ 221
1.6.4 La voyelle finale....................................................................................... 224
1.6.5 Conclusion sur la dérivation verbo-nominale.......................................... 228
1.7 L'infinitif ......................................................................................................... 229
1.8 Les pronoms.................................................................................................... 232
1.8.1 Les pronoms objets .................................................................................. 232
1.8.2 Les pronoms personnels........................................................................... 234
1.9 Les noms circonstanciels ................................................................................ 236
2 La détermination nominale externe ....................................................................... 240
2.1 Définition........................................................................................................ 240

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2.2 Les démonstratifs.............................................................................................242
2.2.1 Définition et inventaire.............................................................................242
2.2.2 Valeurs des démonstratifs.........................................................................245
2.2.3 Conclusion sur les démonstratifs :............................................................252
2.3 La qualification................................................................................................253
2.4 Les numéraux et la quantification....................................................................257
2.4.1 Inventaire des noms de nombres...............................................................257
2.4.2 L'accord des numéraux.............................................................................260
2.4.3 Statut particulier de 5 et 10.......................................................................261
2.4.4 L'itération : fois.........................................................................................261
2.4.5 L'extraction...............................................................................................263
2.4.6 Les numéraux ordinaux ............................................................................264
2.4.7 Les fractions..............................................................................................266
2.4.8 Les autres quantifieurs..............................................................................266
2.4.9 Synthèse sur la quantification...................................................................267
2.5 La détermination indirecte : les connectifs......................................................268
2.5.1 Le connectif ,`..........................................................................................269
2.5.2 Le connectif ,m .........................................................................................271
2.5.3 Les connectifs en ,h : ,mqh, ,mh, ,qh...........................................................271
2.5.4 Un connectif particulier : ,q` ...................................................................276
2.5.5 Conclusion sur la détermination indirecte................................................280
2.6 La composition nominale ................................................................................282
3 Synthèse sur le constituant nominal .......................................................................284
3.1 Le nom.............................................................................................................285
3.1.1 Structure du nom ......................................................................................285
3.1.2 Les substituts du nom ...............................................................................285
3.2 Les schèmes de détermination.........................................................................286
QUATRIÈME PARTIE : LE CONSTITUANT VERBAL
1 Les verbes...............................................................................................................289
1.1 Racine verbale, base verbale et forme verbale ................................................289
1.2 Les racines verbales.........................................................................................290
1.2.1 Les racines "érodées"................................................................................290
1.2.2 Les racines longues irréductibles..............................................................291
1.2.3 Les emprunts.............................................................................................291
1.2.4 La dérivation interne.................................................................................292
1.2.5 Les préfixes mΩ, et mh,..............................................................................295
1.3 Les bases verbales : la dérivation externe........................................................297
1.3.1 ,Ôj : moyen ..............................................................................................297
1.3.2 Les suffixes directionnels : ,` (centripète) et ,`l (centrifuge)...............299
1.3.3 ,h : causatif-agentif....................................................................................303
1.3.4 ,`s : instrumental......................................................................................306
1.3.5 ,`m : réciproque-associatif ; bénéfactif ....................................................308
1.3.6 ,`j},Uj : résultatif ...............................................................................310
1.3.7 Combinaisons de suffixes.........................................................................312
1.3.8 Synthèse sur les suffixes de dérivation.....................................................315
2 Les formes verbales simples...................................................................................318

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2.1 L'aspect verbal (1) : les marques de l'opposition ............................................ 318
2.1.1 Les indices personnels sujets ................................................................... 318
2.1.2 Les indices de classe................................................................................ 320
2.1.3 Confusions et créativité grammaticale..................................................... 321
2.1.4 Conclusion sur les formes de l'opposition d'aspect.................................. 326
2.2 L'aspect verbal (2) : valeurs et conditions d'emploi........................................ 327
2.2.1 L'accompli................................................................................................ 328
2.2.2 L'inaccompli............................................................................................. 330
2.2.3 Accompli, inaccompli et types de procès................................................. 332
3 Les formes verbales complexes ............................................................................. 334
3.1 Le temps.......................................................................................................... 336
3.1.1 Le préfixe M, : passé neutre (pasn) ......................................................... 336
3.1.2 Le suffixe ,Ωm : passé révolu (pasr)......................................................... 337
3.2 La négation...................................................................................................... 339
3.2.1 "`, : négation de l'inaccompli ................................................................. 339
3.2.2 'm(jU, : négation de l'accompli.............................................................. 340
3.3 Visée et dépendance........................................................................................ 341
3.3.1 a`, : virtuel.............................................................................................. 341
3.3.2 ΩM, : révolu.............................................................................................. 343
3.3.3 l`, : encore, duratif................................................................................ 345
3.3.4 sh, : pas encore......................................................................................... 346
3.3.5 `ll`, : seulement ................................................................................. 348
3.3.6 ÿ, : enfin, finalement................................................................................ 349
3.3.7 'm(s`mjU, : même pas............................................................................ 350
3.3.8 md,---,`m : absolu .................................................................................... 353
3.3.9 j@, : consécutif....................................................................................... 355
3.4 Les formes verbales focalisantes..................................................................... 358
3.4.1 Les indices personnels ............................................................................. 359
3.4.2 Les indices de classe................................................................................ 360
3.4.3 Le préfixe ÿ, ............................................................................................ 360
3.4.4 Le préfixe M, de l'accompli focalisant..................................................... 361
3.4.5 "ms'‰(, : focalisation négative ................................................................. 362
3.4.6 Usages des formes verbales focalisantes ................................................. 364
3.5 Combinaisons d'extensions............................................................................. 366
3.6 Synthèse sur les formes verbales complexes .................................................. 369
3.7 Les relatives .................................................................................................... 371
3.7.1 Relatives simples ..................................................................................... 371
3.7.2 Relatives complexes ................................................................................ 373
3.7.3 Synthèse sur les relatives ......................................................................... 378
3.8 Coordination verbale et auxiliation................................................................. 379
3.8.1 La coordination verbale ........................................................................... 381
3.8.2 L'auxiliation directe ................................................................................. 382
3.8.3 L'auxiliation indirecte .............................................................................. 384
3.8.4 L'auxiliation en V + infinitif .................................................................... 389
3.8.5 Conclusion sur l'auxiliation ..................................................................... 390
3.9 Liste récapitulative des extensions.................................................................. 391
3.9.1 Les éléments préfixés............................................................................... 391
3.9.2 Les éléments suffixés............................................................................... 391

341
Kdwhptd'hmcdwcdrq`bhmdr(
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................392
Bibliographie .................................................................................................................395
Annexe 1 : Statistiques ..................................................................................................398
1 Combinatoire des voyelles......................................................................................399
1.1 Dans le lexique ................................................................................................399
1.2 Dans les textes .................................................................................................399
2 Combinatoire des consonnes ..................................................................................400
2.1 Dans le lexique ................................................................................................400
2.2 Dans les textes .................................................................................................400
Annexe 2: Lexiques.......................................................................................................401
Index ..............................................................................................................................444
Table des Matières.........................................................................................................446
tel-00347666, version 1 - 16 Dec 2008