Distributed Cognition Views of the Cockpit - UCSD Distributed ...
Distributed Cognition Views of the Cockpit - UCSD Distributed ...
Distributed Cognition Views of the Cockpit - UCSD Distributed ...
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<strong>Distributed</strong> <strong>Cognition</strong> <strong>Views</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Cockpit</strong><br />
Handling an ATC Hand<strong>of</strong>f<br />
How a <strong>Cockpit</strong> Remembers its<br />
Speeds
A Cognitive System
Low-Level <strong>Cognition</strong>
High-Level <strong>Cognition</strong>
Applying Cognitive Science to<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Cockpit</strong>
<strong>Cockpit</strong> as Cognitive System
An ATC Hand<strong>of</strong>f<br />
(With Tove Klaussen)
Situation
Hand<strong>of</strong>f Transcript
A Request
Shared Expectations
Action on Expectation
Expectation Violated
A New Partly Shared Expectation
Interaction<br />
C<br />
FO<br />
Thirty two eight<br />
Thirty two eight?<br />
Yeah<br />
OK
Intersubjectivity
A Challenge for AI?
Cognitive Properties<br />
• Distribution <strong>of</strong> access to information<br />
• Redundant storage and processing<br />
• Redundant readbacks for error checking<br />
• Shared expectations<br />
• Intersubjectivity
How a <strong>Cockpit</strong> Remembers its<br />
Speeds
Fuel Quantity Panel
Approach Reference Page on<br />
MCDU
Speed Card
Airspeed Indicator
Labeled Airspeed Indicator
Flap Control Handle
Propagation <strong>of</strong> representational<br />
state across media
Embodied <strong>Cockpit</strong>?<br />
• Fuel panel = sensory system<br />
• Speed card book = long term memory<br />
• Bugs on ASI = short term memory<br />
• Flap handle = motor ystem
Setting <strong>the</strong> Bugs
“Flaps 15”
Instrument Cross-check
500 Feet Above <strong>the</strong> Field
767 Airspeed Indicator
Engine Instrumentation
Airspeed Tape
Propagation <strong>of</strong> state with<br />
Airspeed tape
Lessons<br />
• Knowing all about ‘human memory’ would<br />
not allow you to understand this system<br />
• Structure in <strong>the</strong> world participates in<br />
memory and in processing<br />
• Distribution <strong>of</strong> cognitive effort through time<br />
- amortization <strong>of</strong> complexity<br />
• Robustness through redundant<br />
representation and processing
Lessons (continued)<br />
• Transformation <strong>of</strong> information to auditory<br />
medium to prevent overload <strong>of</strong> visual<br />
senses.<br />
• It’s curious how well <strong>the</strong> traditional<br />
cognitive science story works here
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