Climate change impacts and forest management
Climate change impacts and forest management
Climate change impacts and forest management
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Effects of deer <strong>and</strong> earthworms will be accelerated by climate <strong>change</strong>.<br />
Deer, with populations 2 to 20 times<br />
higher than historical levels, browse<br />
on herbs <strong>and</strong> tree seedlings.<br />
Currently, they cause the loss of<br />
48-81% of native plant species.<br />
Rooney, 2011<br />
Earthworms consume the duff which<br />
leads to exposed soil, soil<br />
compaction, runoff, droughtier soils,<br />
<strong>change</strong>d nutrient cycles <strong>and</strong> likely<br />
incursion of invasive plants.<br />
Where deer <strong>and</strong> worms occur<br />
together, they cause a major<br />
transformation of the <strong>forest</strong>.<br />
Frelich, 2011
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