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Table 1, continued. Archaeological finds of Nigella species. a Identified as Nigella damascena in Ruas (1995), but revised as Nigella sativa by Heiss/Ruas (2007). b Initially identified as
Nigella cf. sativa (Vandorpe 2010), but according to the published images safe to be identified as Nigella sativa. c Initially identified as Nigella arvensis (Kroll 1998 b), but revised as
Nigella sp. by H. Kroll in 2012 (pers. comm.).
Species
Date/Period Archaeological site Number and preservation of finds
References
N. arvensis
N. damascena
N. sativa
Nigella sp.
Antiquity and Prehistory (1st millennium BC)
330–578 BC Austria: Dürrnberg mine (La Tène) pollen grains in human faeces – – – x Aspöck et al. 2007
110–250 BC Austria: Roseldorf (La Tène) 1 charred seed in a sanctuary x – – – Caneppele et al. 2010
7th–11th cent. BC Egypt: Gebel Roma (Intermediate Per. 3) 1 desiccated grain from a midden layer – – x – Cappers et al. 2007
7th–16th cent. BC Egypt: Gebel Qarn el-Gir (New Kingdom/Intermediate 4 desiccated seeds – – x – Cappers et al. 2007
Per. 3)
7th–16th cent. BC Egypt: Wadi el-Huôl (New Kingdom/Intermediate 1 desiccated seed – – x – Cappers et al. 2007
Per. 3)
7th–16th cent. BC Egypt: Wadi el-Huôl (New Kingdom/Intermediate 1 desiccated seed – – x – Cappers et al. 2007
Per. 3)
810 BC Bosnia-Herzegovina: Klisura Kadića Brdo 1 waterlogged seed – – – ? Kučan 1995
ca. 800 BC Jordan: Tell Deir ‘Allā 9 desiccated seeds – – x – Neef 1990
920–1410 BC Austria: Brixlegg, Mauken (Late Bronze Age) 1 partly charred seed – x – – Heiss/Oeggl 2005
Antiquity and Prehistory (2 nd millennium BC and earlier)
11th–16th cent. BC? Egypt: Thebes (New Kingdom? Passalacqua Collect.,
Berlin, Inv.-No. 6997)
unreported number of desiccated seeds – – x – Germer 1988; 1989
11th–16th cent. BC Egypt: Gebel Roma (New Kingdom) 2 desiccated grains from a midden layer – – x – Cappers et al. 2007
9250–10450 BC Syria: Tell Qaramel 1 charred grain – – – x Willcox et al. 2008
ca. 1323 BC Egypt: Tutankhamun tomb (New Kingdom,
18th dynasty)
unreported number of desiccated seeds in a pot – – x – Germer 1985; Hepper 1990;
de Vartavan 1990
late 14th cent. BC Turkey: Ulu Burun shipwreck unreported number of waterlogged seeds – – x – Haldane 1993
15th–19th cent. BC Serbia: Feudvar 1 charred seed – – – x c Kroll 1998 b
ca. 1650 BC Turkey: Boyalı Höyük (Old Hittite) ca. 180,000 charred seeds in a flask – – x – Salih et al. 2009
1771–1991 BC Egypt: Kahun (Middle Kingdom, 12th dynasty) unreported number of seeds – – x – Bienkowski/Southworth 1986;
Germer 1989
2216–2707 BC Egypt: Saqqara (Old Kingdom,
4th–6th dynasty)
unknown number of charred seeds – – x – Rzeuska 2006
2300–2900 BC Spain: El Prado (Jumilla, Murcia) unreported number of seeds – – – x Precioso Arévalo 2004
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