The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

List of contents
The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
Page no.
iii
• Foreword 1
• Introduction to constructed wetland systems 2
• Advantages of constructed wetland treatment systems 2
• Natural wetlands vs. constructed wetlands 3
• Types and wise use of constructed wetland treatment systems 4
• Establishment of constructed wetland treatment systems 5
• Roles of wetland plants in wastewater treatment 6
• Selection of wetland plants 8
• Design and principles of constructed wetland systems 9
• Constructed wetland treatment mechanisms 11
• Wetland monitoring and maintenance 14
• Water quality monitoring 15
• Examples of wetland plants 16
• Wetland design 18
• Conclusion 19
• References 20
• Further reading 21
• Acknowledgements 23
• Abbreviation 23
• Glossary 24
List of figures
Figure 1 - Typical configuration of a horizontal-flow wetland system 4
Figure 2 - Typical configuration of a surface flow wetland system 5
Figure 3 - Typical configuration of a sub-surface flow wetland system 5
Figure 4 - The extensive root system of marsh plants 7
Figure 5 - Pollutant removal processes in a constructed wetland system 11
Figure 6 - Nitrogen transformations in a constructed wetland
treatment system 13
List of pictures
Picture 1 - A natural wetland: Tasek Bera, a freshwater swamp system 3
Picture 2 - A constructed wetland: Putrajaya Wetlands 4
Picture 3 - Clearance of existing vegetation to construct a wetland landform 6
Picture 4 - A complete constructed wetland cell 6
Picture 5 - Transplanting of wetland plants to the wetland cells 6
Picture 6 - The Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes 8