The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

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List of contents The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment Page no. iii • Foreword 1 • Introduction to constructed wetland systems 2 • Advantages of constructed wetland treatment systems 2 • Natural wetlands vs. constructed wetlands 3 • Types and wise use of constructed wetland treatment systems 4 • Establishment of constructed wetland treatment systems 5 • Roles of wetland plants in wastewater treatment 6 • Selection of wetland plants 8 • Design and principles of constructed wetland systems 9 • Constructed wetland treatment mechanisms 11 • Wetland monitoring and maintenance 14 • Water quality monitoring 15 • Examples of wetland plants 16 • Wetland design 18 • Conclusion 19 • References 20 • Further reading 21 • Acknowledgements 23 • Abbreviation 23 • Glossary 24 List of figures Figure 1 - Typical configuration of a horizontal-flow wetland system 4 Figure 2 - Typical configuration of a surface flow wetland system 5 Figure 3 - Typical configuration of a sub-surface flow wetland system 5 Figure 4 - The extensive root system of marsh plants 7 Figure 5 - Pollutant removal processes in a constructed wetland system 11 Figure 6 - Nitrogen transformations in a constructed wetland treatment system 13 List of pictures Picture 1 - A natural wetland: Tasek Bera, a freshwater swamp system 3 Picture 2 - A constructed wetland: Putrajaya Wetlands 4 Picture 3 - Clearance of existing vegetation to construct a wetland landform 6 Picture 4 - A complete constructed wetland cell 6 Picture 5 - Transplanting of wetland plants to the wetland cells 6 Picture 6 - The Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes 8
iv The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment Picture 7 - The Common Reed Phragmites karka 9 Picture 8 - The Cattail Typha angustifolia 9 Picture 9 - Manual removal of noxious and undesirable weeds 15 Picture 10 - The Tube Sedge Lepironia articulata 17 Picture 11 - The Spike Rush Eleocharis dulcis 17 Picture 12 - The pilot tank system planted with Common Reed at University Putra Malaysia 18 Picture 13 - The Putrajaya constructed wetland, wetland cell UN5 19 List of tables Table 1 - List of emergent wetland plants used in constructed wetland treatment systems 16
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The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

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