Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo's Rainforest 2013

Climate and Landscape Change in 

Borneo’s Rainforest 2013

Welcome Letter 

Dear Earthwatch Team Member, 

Thank you for volunteering to work with us here in Sabah, 

Malaysian Borneo, on Climate and Landscape Change 

in Borneo’s Rainforest. We are only now beginning to 

understand the vital role that tropical rainforests play— 

the biodiversity they support, the weather patterns they 

influence, their part in hydrological cycles, the carbon 

they take up from the atmosphere and store and, 

most importantly, how these and other factors interact 

to support global ecosystem functioning. In order to 

understand these highly complex interactions, and ensure 

that the remaining rainforests of Southeast Asia are 

properly protected and, where necessary, restored, it is 

essential that long-term monitoring and research programs 

be initiated to provide the scientific foundations for their 

conservation, sustainable management, and restoration. 

This is the overall aim of the project with which you will be 

helping. 

By working with us, you will be contributing not only to 

the knowledge base, but directly to the conservation and 

restoration of the rainforests of Borneo and the wider 

region. This is of critical urgency; it has been estimated 

that almost one-fifth of global carbon emissions are 

accounted for by the clearance and degradation of 

rainforests—more carbon than is emitted by the entire 

transport sector—every car, truck, train, ship, and aircraft 

on the planet. If climate change is to be controlled, then 

the tropical rainforests must be conserved and restored. 

Scientific research has a crucial part to play in this. 

Our team and I look forward to welcoming you to Danum 

Valley. This has to be one of the most amazing places 

anywhere in the world—and we very much hope you will 

enjoy your time with us. 

Yours, 

Dr. Glen Reynolds 

Director, Royal Society SEARRP 

Danum Valley Field Centre 

PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu 

Sabah, Malaysia 

Tel: +60 (0) 89-841103 

Fax: +60 (0) 89-883091 

Website: searrp.org/ 

Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013

Table of Contents 

General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

The Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 

Your Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Daily Life in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Accommodations and Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

Travel Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Travel Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Project Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Project Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

Recommended Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

Participant Rights and Responsibilities . . . . . 28 

Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Message from Earthwatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

Images © Earthwatch, Emily Albers, Jen Alger, Kogila Vani Annammala, Lucy Bruzzone, Mark Harper, Rachel Phillips, Ryan Cox, SEARRP, Shirren Lau, Zoe Gamble, Vani 

and Paul Collander 

Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013 

1

General Information 

Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 

Earthwatch Scientist: Dr. Glen Reynolds, Director, Royal 

Society SEARRP 

Research Site: Danum Valley, Sabah State, Malaysian 

Borneo 

Rendezvous and departure information is 

available in the print version of the briefing 

only. 

Expedition Dates: 

Team 1*: July 6 – July 16, 2013 

Team 2*: July 18 – July 28, 2013 

Team 3: Aug. 16 – Aug. 25, 2013 

Team 4: Aug. 28 – Sept. 6, 2013 

Team 5: Oct. 3 – Oct. 12, 2013 

Team 6: Oct. 15 – Oct. 24, 2013 

*Teams 1 and 2 are reserved for groups. 

2 


trip planner 

To do immediately 

Make sure you understand and agree to 

Earthwatch Participant Rights and Responsibilities 

(see pg. 28). 

90 days prior to expedition 

Complete and return your volunteer forms. Below 

are the specific forms required for this expedition: 

Earthwatch Participation Form for Adults 

Travel Form 

European volunteers can download forms on: 

www.earthwatch.org/europe/volunteerforms 

U.S./North American volunteers can download 

forms at: www.earthwatch.org/volunteerforms 

Australian volunteers can download forms on: 

www.earthwatch.org/australia/expeditions/ 

volunteer_forms/ 

Japanese volunteers can download forms 

on: www.earthwatch.jp/getinvolved/condition/ 

formdownload-i.html 

Note: If you have signed up for an expedition within 

90 days of the start date, you must return your fully 

completed volunteer forms as soon as possible. 

Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition. 

Book travel arrangements (see the Travel Planning 

section, pg. 16, for details). 

If you plan to purchase additional travel insurance, 

note that some policies require purchase when 

your expedition is booked (see the Insurance 

section, pg. 25, for more information). 

If traveling internationally, make sure your passport 

is current and obtain a visa for your destination 

country, if necessary (see the Passports and Visas 

section, pg. 19, for more details). 

Make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations 

for your project site (see the Health Information 

section, pg. 24). 

Bring your level of fitness up to the standards 

required (see the Project Conditions section, pg. 

20). 


Review the packing list to make sure you have all 

the clothing, personal supplies, and equipment 

needed. 


Leave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number 

with a friend or relative (see the inside back cover). 

Leave copies of your passport, visa, and airline 

tickets with a friend or relative. 

Confirm your travel arrangements. 

Read this expedition briefing thoroughly. It provides the most accurate information available at 

the time of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you 

have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, 

and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as 

to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your 

expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and 

try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field 

logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field. 


3

expedition packing checklist 

Required Items 

General 

This expedition briefing 

Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and 

credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; 

the copies should be packed separately from the 

original documents 

Passport and/or visa (if necessary) 

Certification of vaccination (if necessary) 

Documentation for travel by minors (if necessary) 

(see Volunteers Under 18 Years of Age in the Travel 

Tips section, pg. 19) 

Clothing/Footwear for Fieldwork 

Earthwatch T-shirt 

Loose-fitting. long-sleeved shirts and T-shirts*—long 

enough to be tucked into your trousers 

Lightweight cotton (fast-drying) trousers* 

Walking boots (waterproof and lightweight) – please 

ensure that these have ankle support and a good 

grip by testing them on slippery, muddy terrain 

before joining the project 

All-terrain sandals (for use in rivers and leisure time) 

A few pairs of socks 

Lightweight rain jacket 

Sun hat 

Sunglasses 

Work/gardening gloves (for digging) 

Clothing/Footwear for Leisure 

At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end of 

expedition 

4 


Shorts* 

Robe or dress to wear en route to the shower 

*Permethrin impregnated and quick-drying trekking 

clothing recommended 

Field Supplies 

Small daypack 

Drybag or plastic sealable bags (good for protecting 

equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and 

water) 

Silica gel sachets (good for protecting equipment like 

cameras from humidity, and water) 

Insect repellent spray (50% DEET minimum) 

Water bottles (minimum of two 1-liter bottles) 

Sunscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher 

Torch (flashlight) with extra batteries—ESSENTIAL 

Bedding and Bathing 

Note: Mosquito nets and a pillow and blankets will be 

provided by the project. 

Towel(s) – preferably the fast-drying type 

You may wish to bring a lightweight single sheet or 

sheet sleeping bag, but this is optional, as bedding 

will be provided 

Personal Supplies 

Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and 

shampoos are encouraged) 

Antibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning 

hands while in the field) 

Sunscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher 

Personal first aid kit (e.g., dehydration salts, antidiarrhea/constipation 

pills, antibiotics, antiseptic, 

itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers, 

etc.) and personal medications 

Antiseptic/anti-fungal powder (medicated talcum 

powder) for use on feet (can be purchased in 

Malaysia if necessary) 

Miscellaneous 

Spending money 

Optional Items 

Camera, film/memory card(s), extra camera battery 

(Note: The climate is not favorable to electronic 

equipment). 

Adapter or converter for charging camera, etc., if 

required. 

Earplugs 

Eye mask if you find sleeping in light conditions 

difficult 

Sports bra 

Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end 

of the expedition 

Swimwear 

Dry box to protect equipment from humidity 

(cameras, hearing aids, etc.) 

Binoculars for wildlife spotting 

Compact umbrella (preferably non-metal) 

Travel guide 

Books, games, journal, art supplies, etc. for 

recreational/rest time and travel 

Supplies that may be bought in 

Malaysia 

Toiletries 

Snacks and sweets 

Disposable raincoats 

Water bottles 

Note: Required and optional items lists are accurate 

to the best of Earthwatch’s knowledge at the time of 

publication. 


5

The Research 

Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 

The Story 

Until the mid-20th century, Borneo was almost completely 

covered with rainforests. But over recent decades, these 

havens for wildlife, particularly the lowland forests, have 

been subject to intensive industrial-scale logging or have 

been cleared to make way for plantations. These activities 

have threatened the crucial ecosystem services the forests 

provide, such as carbon storage and sequestration, soil 

stabilization, and watershed protection, as well as many 

of the island’s plant and animal species: the forests still 

provide crucial habitat for over 15,000 species of flowering 

plants, more than 220 species of mammals, 420 species 

of birds, more than 250 reptiles, almost 150 amphibians, 

over 400 species of freshwater fish, and many tens of 

thousands of species of insects and other invertebrates. 

The forests that do remain are often highly degraded 

or scattered as small fragments embedded within 

inhospitable agricultural landscapes. It is these forests, 

rather than the remaining pockets of protected primary 

forest, that now support much of the island’s biodiversity 

and are critically important in maintaining overall 

ecosystem functioning. The regenerative capacity and 

long-term viability of degraded and fragmented forests 

are unclear—especially their degree of resilience to the 

impacts of climate change. Droughts associated with 

the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—ENSO events 

are associated with shifts in oceanic currents off the Gulf 

of Mexico which influence weather patterns globally— 

that are projected to become more frequent and severe 

as a result of the changing climate, may prove to be 

particularly damaging. There is also evidence that the 

wet La Niña phase of the ENSO cycle is becoming more 

intense, leading to an increase in the frequency and 

magnitude of large rainstorms, which leads to severe soil 

erosion, landslides, and leaching of nutrients from the 

6 


soil. The combined effects of ENSO events and of forest 

loss, fragmentation, and degradation may be adversely 

affecting recruitment and regeneration of the dipterocarps 

(a family that includes about 500 tree species), the most 

important group of tree species of the Southeast Asian 

rainforests. Borneo’s forests may require some form of 

rehabilitation if they are to survive. 

Research Aims 

The overall goal of this project is to maintain the 

biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and conservation 

value of the Bornean rainforest in the face of changes 

in climate and land use. We study both pristine forests 

and forests with various degrees of disturbance and 

fragmentation. Our research has four main objectives: 

To assess baseline levels of plant diversity (as a measure 

of overall biodiversity), we measure plant diversity in 

forests with different levels of disturbance and in forest 

patches of different sizes. 

To assess how restoration of forest can best be achieved, 

we monitor the survival and growth of planted tree 

seedlings. 

To assess the ability of degraded and fragmented forest 

to maintain ecosystem functioning, we measure rates of 

decomposition of leaf litter and the levels of consumption 

of planted and naturally regenerating seedlings by insects. 

To establish the susceptibility of forests to erosion, we 

measure soil moisture levels and the amount of soil erosion 

and deposition over the year and after major rainstorms. 

How You Will Help 

Depending on research needs, you’ll help with some of 

the following: 

Assessing the presence and density of tree seedlings 

Helping to measure seedling survival and growth over 

time and planting new seedlings 

Measuring plant mass to assess how much carbon they 

contain 

Taking basic measurements of habitat and forest structure 

Assessing basic ecosystem processes, such as carbon 

storage and decomposition 

Collecting, sorting, and pressing plant specimens 

Collecting and sorting specimens of insects and other 

animals 

Maintaining leaf litter traps, which capture falling leaves, 

or leaf litter bags, which are filled with leaf litter and then 

monitored for decomposition 

Taking rainfall measurements 

Measuring soil moisture 

Assessing topography, vegetation types, and canopy 

cover 

Measuring soil erosion 

Collecting and analyzing soil samples. 


7

Your Destination 

About Malaysian Borneo 

Borneo, the third largest island in the world, is shared by 

three countries: Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia. Malaysia, 

a relatively stable parliamentary democracy, has been 

governed by the current ruling party for many years. You’ll 

spend your time on this expedition in the state of Sabah, 

which makes up the northern part of Borneo. Sabah 

boasts some of the world’s most biodiverse and beautiful 

rainforests, as well as great cultural diversity—people from 

32 officially recognized ethnic groups make their homes 

there. Although Malaysia is an Islamic country, almost 

half of Sabah’s population is Christian. Mt. Kinabalu, 

the highest mountain in Southeast Asia at 4,095 meters 

(13,435 feet), draws many visitors to the state, as do the 

abundant beaches and nature reserves. 

Volunteers will meet in Kota Kinabalu, fly to Lahad Datu, 

and then be driven to Danum Valley Conservation Area, 

where they will stay for one night. The following day 

they will travel to Ulu Segama and Malua Forest 

Reserves, where they will be based for the remainder of 

the expedition. 

Danum Valley Conservation Area 

(DVCA) 

Covering almost 45,000 hectares (174 square miles), the 

DVCA is one of the largest and most important areas of 

protected primary lowland rainforest in Southeast Asia. The 

forest of DVCA has incredibly diverse flora, as is typical of 

the wet Southeast Asian tropics, dominated by enormous 

dipterocarp trees that can reach heights of 80 meters 

(260 feet) or more. The DVCA also provides a haven 

for some of Borneo’s most iconic—and threatened— 

species: the orangutan, the Bornean pygmy elephant, the 

Sumatran rhino, and the clouded leopard. Bird diversity is 

exceptionally rich, with over 340 species recorded. 

8 


On the eastern border of DVCA is the Danum Valley 

Field Centre, which is probably the leading tropical 

forest research center in Southeast Asia. The Royal 

Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme 

(SEARRP) has been based at the Danum Valley Field 

Centre since 1985. 

Ulu Segama and Malua Forest 

Reserves (USM) 

USM has a total area of over 250,000 hectares (965 

square miles) and by any measure—economic, 

biodiversity, or overall ecosystem value—is one of the 

most important areas of contiguous forest remaining 

in Southeast Asia. It is home to perhaps the largest 

remaining wild populations of orangutan, Bornean pygmy 

elephant, and Sumatran rhino on the island of Borneo. 

The 500-hectare (1.9-square-mile) Sabah Biodiversity 

Experiment, where you’ll work on this expedition, is 

embedded within the Malua Forest Reserve. It has been 

set up in logged forest and aims to study the importance of 

tree species diversity, composition, and life history traits for 

providing fundamental ecosystem services such as carbon 

sequestration. Malua Camp, where you will be based, is 

on the edge of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment and is 

located approximately 25 kilometers (15 miles) north of 

Danum as the crow flies, but about 63 kilometers (40 miles) 

by road. 


9

Daily Life in the Field 

Plans and Policies 

You will receive presentations from project staff on forest 

management and conservation issues, the possible 

impacts of climate and environmental change on the 

rainforest ecosystem, and the measures that can be 

taken to protect and restore Southeast Asia’s remaining 

rainforests. During the fieldwork, you will work with the 

Royal Society SEARRP team of local research assistants, 

who will provide close supervision. 

Some of the tasks you may perform are listed in How You 

Will Help (pg. 7). The rigor of the work on these tasks will 

vary according to terrain, site conditions, and distance 

from camp. Plant specimens will be sorted and pressed 

in the laboratory. In case of inclement weather, indoor 

laboratory work will be substituted for outdoor work. 

Not all tasks will be undertaken by all teams; the specific 

tasks will depend on the time of year and the progress of 

the research. 

Earthwatch Recreational Time Policy 

Project staff will generally accompany participants from the rendezvous to the end of the expedition. For recreational 

days, when no research activities are scheduled, Earthwatch scientists will offer either a team activity or a 

range of recreational activities that comply with Earthwatch standards. Participants may also remain at project 

accommodations. Those who pursue other options must sign a release form. 

If there is a period of time during a regular research day when no research activities are scheduled, adult participants 

may leave the project site on their own; they will have to sign out first. Unless contacted for help, project staff will not 

search for a participant unless he or she fails to appear the following morning or for the next scheduled research 

activity. 

Earthwatch will assess the general risks of adult participants leaving the project site, but cannot guarantee 

participant safety or an awareness of all issues. In some cases, due to local conditions, adult participants may have 

to stay at the project site during recreational time, a requirement that will be clearly communicated on site. 

10 


ITINERARY AND DAILY SCHEDULE 

Weather and research needs can lead to changes in the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and 

understanding. 

Day 1: Rendezvous 

8:00 a.m. Team met by FieldSkills staff member at the Hyatt Hotel in Kota Kinabalu for a health and safety 

briefing 

10:00 a.m. Depending on when the briefing ends, there will be a short period of free time for last-minute 

purchases 

12:30 p.m. Checkout from Hyatt Hotel and transfer to Kota Kinabalu airport (A bus is arranged for this; 

please ask the hotel reception for details to confirm timings). It’s a good idea to have a light 

lunch at the airport (there are numerous food outlets) 

2:45 p.m. Fly from Kota Kinabalu to Lahad Datu; be met at Lahad Datu by Earthwatch scientists or Royal 

Society SEARRP staff 

3:40 p.m. Transfer to Danum Valley Field Centre (two-hour journey by road) 

5:40 p.m. Arrival and check-in at Danum Valley Field Centre 

6:00 p.m. Introductory lecture and overview of team’s activities 

7:00 p.m. Dinner 

Day 2: Introductory day at Danum Valley (and other sites) 

Morning 

Afternoon 

Evening 

Introduction to Earthwatch scientists and research assistants. Briefings covering the project 

context and overview. Short trek (1.5 hours) in the primary forest at Danum Valley 

After lunch, depart Danum Valley for the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment site at Malua, stopping 

on the way at various points of interest for briefings on forest management and restoration, etc. 

Arrive at the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment Campsite at Malua in time for lunch. Time to settle 

in and get to know the camp. Orientation and health and safety reminder briefing 

Dinner; lecture and introduction to the following day’s activities 


11

Days 3 – 5 and 7 – 9 (day 10, teams 1 and 2): Fieldwork 

7:00 a.m. Breakfast and personal preparation for fieldwork 

8:00 a.m. Meet for team briefing and equipment collection 

8:15 a.m. Depart to field sites (on foot or by four-wheel-drive vehicle) 

8:30 a.m. Fieldwork 

1:00 p.m. Lunch (either packed or at Malua or Danum camps) 

2:00 p.m. Specimen sorting and lab work (if required) and/or learning sessions 

4:00 p.m. Afternoon tea 

4:30 p.m. Specimen sorting and lab work and/or learning sessions (free time if no lab work) 

7:00 p.m. Dinner and relaxation (optional evening activities, talks by visiting scientists, presentations, etc.) 

Day 6: Recreational Day 

6:30 a.m. Breakfast and personal preparation for departure to Borneo Rainforest Lodge 

10:00 a.m. Optional guided walks in primary forest 

1:00 p.m. Lunch at lodge 

2:00 p.m. Optional guided walks in primary forest or free time at the lodge 

4:00 p.m. Canopy walk at lodge and drive back to Malua Camp 

7:00 p.m. Dinner and relaxation (optional evening activities or talks by visiting scientists) 

Day 10 (Day 11, teams 1 and 2) Departure Day 

8:00 a.m. Breakfast 

9:00 a.m. Depart Malua for visit to oil palm plantation and briefing on forest fragmentation component of 

the project 

2:00 p.m. Arrival at Lahad Datu Airport; end of expedition 

4.00 p.m. Fly back to Kota Kinabalu Airport 

4.55 p.m. Flight arrives at Kota Kinabalu Airport 

12 



13

Accommodations and Food 

About Your Home in the Field 

Sleeping 

You’ll stay mainly at the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment 

campsite at Malua, though the first night will be spent at 

the Danum Valley Field Centre. The Malua campsite is 

basic, but comfortable. 

Participants will be accommodated in separate male 

and female dormitories with hostel-style bunk beds at 

Danum Valley and individual mattresses placed on raised 

sleeping areas at Malua. Mosquito nets and pillows will be 

provided in both locations; at Danum there are screens 

on all windows, rather than mosquito nets on the beds. 

Mattresses will be covered and blankets will also be 

provided in both locations, although participants may wish 

to bring their own single sheets or sheet sleeping bag to 

use as a lighter cover. 

The sleeping and dining areas are nonsmoking. 

Bathrooms 

Facilities include showers (not heated) fed by filtered 

river water and western-style toilets. The toilets at the 

Danum Valley Field Centre are situated just outside the 

dormitories. At Malua, although the showers are directly 

outside the dormitories, the toilets are situated on the 

other side of the camp for hygienic reasons and are a 

short, but possibly muddy, walk away. Please note that at 

night this walk is not lit and involves the descent of a short 

slope; participants must ensure they bring a good torch 

(flashlight). 

14 


Electricity 

Diesel generators supply electricity at both sites. The 

generator at the Danum Valley Field Centre usually 

operates between 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 midnight. The 

generator at Malua Field Camp operates from 7:00 a.m. 

until 4:00 p.m. and from 7:00 p.m. until 12:00 midnight. 

The electricity supply is at 230 to 240 volts through 

standard U.K. three-pin sockets. Participants should 

be aware that on occasion the power supply has failed. 

Should this occur, staff will ensure that participants are 

safe, and torches may be required for a short period of 

time. 

Internet and Communications 

Internet access is not readily available at the facilities. 

Internet connection is, however, available at the Borneo 

Rainforest Lodge during the recreational day should you 

have a wireless-enabled device (phone, etc.). Please 

be aware that the climate is not favorable for electronic 

equipment (e.g., laptops, cameras), which should stay in 

Ziploc bags when not in use. Or you may wish to consider 

bringing a dry box for cameras, etc. You may also find 

silica gel sachets useful. 

Facilities and Amenities 

Amenities include a washing machine, seating areas, and 

separate dining facilities. There are small tourist shops at 

the Danum Valley Field Centre reception and the Borneo 

Rainforest Lodge where souvenirs may be purchased. 

At Malua Field Camp there is a small, family-run shop at 

where drinks and snacks can be bought. 

Distance to Field Site 

The research sites are located 0.5 to two kilometers (0.3 

to 1.2 miles) from the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment 

Campsite at Malua. The furthest sites at Malua will 

normally be accessed by vehicle where possible, with 

journey times varying according to road conditions. Treks 

through the forest to access research sites will normally 

be less than 2 kilometers (1.2 miles), though some sites 

may involve slightly longer treks, and it should be noted 

that terrain can be steep and slippery. Transport to the 

research sites will be by four-wheel-drive pickup trucks. 

Transport will be arranged by the Earthwatch scientists or 

research assistants. 

Food 

Food will be provided at Danum Valley and the Sabah 

Biodiversity Experiment camp at Malua in their cafeterias. 

Participants will not be required to help with food 

preparation, or cooking, or washing up. Earthwatch 

scientists will usually share meals with participants. 

Following are examples of the foods you might expect in 

the field. Variety depends on availability, and while this list 

provides a general idea of food types, please be flexible. 

Breakfast: Self-service buffet of fried or scrambled eggs, 

noodles, toasted bread, and cereals. 

Lunch: Packed lunches when in the field; fried rice, 

noodles, or sandwiches. 

Dinner: Simple Malaysian-style home cooking, usually 

consisting of steamed rice and vegetables, chicken, beef, 

and/or fish dishes. Fresh fruit for dessert. 

Snacks/Other: Fried bananas, other local snacks, and 

biscuits (cookies) are available at the field center for 

morning coffee and afternoon tea. While in the field, 

participants should bring their own snacks, which can be 

bought in Kota Kinabalu or Lahad Datu on arrival. There 

are also small shops at Danum and Malua where the team 

will be based. 

Beverages: Tea and coffee are always available at the field 

centers. 

Water: Drinking water at the field centers is boiled and 

safe for drinking. 

Special Dietary Requirements 

Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary 

requirements (e.g., vegetarian or vegan diets, diabetes, 

lactose intolerance, nut or other serious food allergies) as 

soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on 

your volunteer forms. Accommodating special diets is not 

guaranteed and can be very difficult due to availability of 

food, location of field sites, and other local conditions. 


15

Travel Planning 

Rendezvous and Departure Information 

The rendezvous and departure information for this project has been removed from this web version of the expedition 

briefing. It is only available in the printed version of the briefing. Please do not make any travel arrangements to join 

an expedition without having full and up-to-date travel information from Earthwatch. Full rendezvous details, including 

places and times are available from Earthwatch upon request prior to registration for an expedition. Please use the 

“Contact Us” button on the top right-hand corner of the website to get in touch with an Earthwatch representative, who 

will be very happy to help you. 

16 


Travel Tips 

Suggestions for the Road 

Luggage 

Lost and delayed luggage: If your luggage goes astray, 

have the airline send it to: Danum Valley Field Centre, PO 

Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia. 

General considerations: Do not bring more luggage than 

you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air 

and checking your luggage, pack an extra set of field 

clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in 

case your luggage is lost or delayed. Many airlines have 

strict baggage policies; check with your airline on weight 

limits, liquid restrictions, fees for checked baggage, etc. 

Transferring luggage: If you will be taking an international 

flight that has one or more connections within the country 

of your destination, you must collect any checked bags at 

the airport where you first arrive in the destination country. 

After going through customs, you will have to recheck your 

luggage before flying to your final destination. 

Money Matters 

Local currency: Malaysian Ringgit. See www.xe.com/ucc 

for currency information and exchange rates. 

Personal funds: We suggest that you bring around RM400 

in cash, as well as credit cards. You will only need a little 

money during the expedition; at the research site there 

is almost nothing to spend money on, other than canned 

drinks and snacks. There is a small gift shop at the Borneo 

Rainforest Lodge. There are ATMs and international banks 

in Kota Kinabalu and Lahad Datu, but there are no money 

changing facilities at Danum or other research sites. 

Getting cash from the airport ATMs can be difficult, but 

the Hyatt has a reasonable exchange rate. Don’t bring 

travelers’ checks; many banks won’t cash them. 

The sum recommended above should cover local taxis. 

As mentioned in the Rendezvous section (pg. 16), the fare 

from the airport to the Hyatt is RM30 for a four-seat taxi 

and RM38 for a six-seat taxi (rates subject to change). 

Tipping is not expected, although moderate tips are 

appreciated by field assistants, etc. 

Departure taxes: Domestic flights: RM6.00; international 

flights: RM45.00 

The international departure tax is often included in ticket 

prices. Taxes are subject to change. 

Your Destination 

Language: Bahasa Malaysia is the national language 

of Sabah, though English is widely spoken and 

most of the research assistants and others working with 

Earthwatchers have at least conversational-level English 

ability. The expedition will be conducted in English. 

Cultural considerations: Malaysia is a predominantly 

Muslim country. Please dress conservatively and respect 

cultural and religious sensitivities. Eating with the left 

hand—or offering food to Malaysians with the left hand— 

is considered impolite. Malaysians eat with spoons and 

forks and seldom use knives. Do not wear shoes inside, 

particularly in living areas. Do not eat pork in the presence 

of Muslims. There is no problem with the consumption of 

alcohol, although alcohol should not be offered to Muslims 

unless they are known to drink. Considerable problems 

can arise if visitors become overly familiar with Muslims of 

the opposite sex. Strictly speaking, same-sex relationships 

are illegal under Malaysian law, although in practice many 

people are tolerant. Still, discretion is advised, especially 

outside larger towns and cities. Malaysians are generally 

fastidious about personal hygiene and will often shower 

and change clothes two or three times per day. Please 

observe at least a reasonable level of personal hygiene 

and shower and change after working in the field. 

Completely optionally, branded T-shirts or baseball caps 

from you make welcome gifts for the field staff. 

Time zone: GMT/UTC +8. For time worldwide with GMT/ 

UTC, see www.worldtimeserver.com. 

Telephone dialing codes: When calling Malaysia from 

another country, dial the country’s international dialing 

code, followed by 60 and the number. When calling within 

Malaysia, omit the 60 and dial 0. When calling another 

country from Malaysia, dial 0, followed by the other 

country’s country code and the number. Note: Check 

with your cellphone provider for any carrier-specific 

dialing codes you may need; many providers have dialing 

procedures that differ from these directions. For additional 

information, see www.kropla.com/dialcode.htm. 


17

PASSPORTS AND VISAS 

Will You Need a Passport? 

Most volunteers traveling from outside Malaysia will 

require a passport valid for at least six months beyond 

the dates of travel. 

Malaysia does not recognize dual nationality, so 

technically you can be refused entry if you are found to 

be holding two passports. If you are a dual national, it 

is advisable to enter Malaysia on the passport on which 

you exited your last country of departure. 

Will You Need a Visa? 

Citizens of the U.S., EU, Australia, Canada, and Japan 

DO NOT need tourist visas for entry. Citizens of other 

countries should check with their travel agent or a visa 

agency for specific visa and entry requirements. 

Information for Volunteers Requiring Visas ONLY 

Type of visa to get: TOURIST 

The purpose of your visit is for vacation, holiday or 

travel. Immigration officials do not always understand 

the concept of a “working vacation” or “volunteering.” 

Words such as “working,” “volunteering,” “research,” or 

“scientific expedition” can raise questions concerning 

the country’s foreign labor laws and about official 

scientific research permits and credentials, etc., to which 

volunteers will not be equipped to respond on their own. 

All required research permits for the project are in place 

and have been approved by the proper authorities. 

Where to get a Visa: Contact the nearest Malaysian 

embassy or consulate to find out how to apply. Please 

note that this process can take weeks or even months. 

We strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can 

both expedite and simplify the process. 

Suggested Agencies 

In the U.S.: Travisa; 212-613-2223; www.travisa.com 

In Europe: CIBT, Inc. (UK); info@uk.cibt.com; www. 

uk.cibt.com 

In Australia: Ask your travel agency if it can send your 

visa application on your behalf. 

Required information: You will need to send your 

passport (valid for at least six months beyond your 

stay), a visa application and immigration form, two to 

four passport-size photos, and payment to the embassy 

or visa agency (if applicable). Please be sure that your 

passport is valid for at least six months beyond your stay. 

Contact information: You may be required to list the 

following contact information on your visa application 

and immigration form: 

Dr. Glen Reynolds, Director 

Royal Society, SEARRP, Danum Valley Field Centre 

PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia 

Tel: +60 (0) 89-841103 (office); +60 17 8167177 (mobile) 

Glen.searrp@me.com or glen@searrp.org 

Cost of a visa: Generally between US$40 and $100, 

but varies from country to country and can cost up to 

US$180. A visa agency will charge an additional fee. 

Volunteers Under 18 Years of Age 

In an effort to prevent international child abduction, 

many governments have procedures at entry and 

exit points to protect minors. Thus, if a minor will be 

traveling with only one guardian or alone, he or she 

may need a notarized letter from all legal guardians 

stating that the minor may travel unaccompanied or in 

the presence of a single guardian. If necessary, this 

letter must give an explanation for why only one parent 

or someone other than a parent is signing the letter. For 

example, if one parent is deceased, only one parent 

has legal guardianship, or someone other than the 

parents are legal guardians, the letter should state that. 

Airlines may also have documentation requirements 

for unaccompanied minors, e.g., a birth certificate or a 

notarized letter like the one described above. 

Important: Requirements of specific countries and 

airlines vary and change frequently. You must keep 

informed of the requirements on your own to avoid 

problems at immigration. If the minor is refused 

entry into a country or onto a flight because of lack of 

documentation, Earthwatch can do nothing to help. 

18 


Project Conditions 

The Field Environment 

General Conditions 

The information that follows is as accurate as possible, but 

please keep in mind that conditions may change. 

The terrain at Danum Valley and Ulu Segama–Malua is 

mostly relatively gentle, though the local topography can 

be steep. The ground can also be extremely muddy and 

slippery when wet after the regular rainfall. 

The temperature and relative humidity of southeastern 

Sabah are typical of the equatorial rainforest. Mean 

monthly rainfall ranges from approximately 15.5 

centimeters (6.1 inches) in April to over 30 centimeters 

(11.8 inches) in January, and tends to be highest in the 

transition months following the equinoxes (May to June 

and October to November) and also during the northerly 

monsoon months of December to January. 

The weather is expected to vary within the limits below: 

Humidity 70% (day) to 95% (night) 

Temperature range 68°F (20°C) to 95°F (35°C) 

Altitude 656 feet (200 meters) to 1,312 feet (400 meters) 

Eligibility Requirements 

All participants must be able, independently or with the 

assistance of a companion, to: 

Follow verbal and/or visual instructions. 

Enjoy being outdoors all day in varying weather 

conditions, in the potential presence of wild animals 

and insects. 

Tolerate working and traversing terrain in hot and 

humid conditions with temperatures ranging between 

20° and 35°C (68° and 95ºF) and humidity levels 

between 70% and 95%. 

Swim for a minimum distance of 20 meters (65 feet). 

While this is not required for the research, it is a 

safety precaution for participation in the event of flash 

floods which can potentially occur or rivers or streams 

swelling unexpectedly. 

Comfortably hike to forest research sites for distances 

of approximately two kilometers (1.2 miles) a day on 

terrain that is mostly flat, but slippery and with some 

steep areas, in hot and humid conditions. 

Traverse and hike across slippery and sometimes 

steep areas of forest for periods of three to six hours a 

day while undertaking research tasks. 

Get low enough to the ground to measure trees and 

saplings and collect data, for periods of one to three 

hours a day. 

Carry up to 10 kilograms (22 pounds) of personal 

equipment (water, snacks, waterproofs, first aid kits, 

personal camera, etc.) to the research sites. 

Get up into and down out of a vehicle and ride, seated 

with seatbelt fastened, for about one to two hours on 

some days over uneven roads and terrain, depending 

on that day’s activity. 


19

POTENTIAL HAZARDS 

Hazard Type 

Transportation 

Accommodations 

Walking/Hiking/ 

Climbing 

Associated Risks and Precautions 

The main road is shared by team four-wheel-drive vehicles, minibuses, and road 

maintenance vehicles. Roads are not always adequately maintained, which can create 

dangerous situations when roads are wet and increase the risk of traffic accidents. 

All passengers must be seated in their own seats and use seatbelts at all times. Only 

experienced drivers who have been approved by senior staff are permitted to drive; 

staff members are trained in off-road driving. Road travel is limited when possible. We 

use only well-maintained vehicles with first-aid kits, tool kits, fire extinguishers, and 

spare tires. Each project vehicle has a satellite phone or VHF radio. Vehicles will not be 

overloaded, and rollbars are fitted to pickup trucks. No unauthorized passengers can 

be carried in project vehicles. All bridges are assessed prior to crossing. Night driving 

for recreational wildlife spotting will not exceed 10 kilometers (six miles) per hour; driving 

during the night for other purposes, except in the case of an emergency, will not be 

permitted. Staff will know when to expect teams and will implement a search if the team 

fails to arrive at the expected time. 

The floors at the Danum and Malua Field Centres (especially in bathrooms) and the 

stairs at Malua Field Centre become slippery when wet. There is a risk of slipping or 

falling. Be aware of the risk of slipping and falling and take care when walking barefoot 

on floors and when using stairs, especially after rainfall. We reccommend that you use 

walking boots for getting around during rainfall. 

There is a risk of getting lost in the forest; participants will always be accompanied 

by research assistants when they go to the forest. Earthwatch scientists will monitor 

who goes into the forest and ensure they return safely. Communications equipment, 

compasses, and whistles will be carried. Staff is trained in search and rescue. Wet 

weather conditions in the forest create the risk of falling branches or debris; therefore, 

we will not enter the forest or return to base in the event of heavy rainfall. 

20 


Terrain 

Animals/Insects 

Plants 

Climate/Weather 

In/Near Water 

The terrain at field sites can be rough or uneven and is mostly covered dense forest and 

fallen trees; it is likely to be very slippery due to regular rainfall. There is risk of injury due 

to falling over fallen trees, slipping, or tripping on uneven ground. You will be briefed 

on risks of walking over rough terrain. You must wear hiking boots. Be aware of your 

surroundings and watch where you step at all times when in the forest. Field sites will 

be prepared with cleared access as much as is possible. Terrain at the field camps can 

also be uneven and very slippery. Always wear appropriate footwear and use a torch 

when walking around at night. 

Sabah is home to a number of potentially dangerous animals. There is risk of attack 

by large mammals (e.g., elephant, wild boar), as well as risk from venomous snakes, 

scorpions, and other stinging and biting invertebrates (e.g., centipedes, wasps, hornets, 

mosquitoes, sand flies, leeches, and ticks), many of which carry the risk of disease 

transmission (e.g., malaria, dengue fever). Wear long-sleeved, lightweight clothing, 

use insect repellent with DEET, and use mosquito nets when appropriate to protect 

from insects. You will be briefed on appropriate cautions in the forest and on how to 

avoid insects and other invertebrates (e.g., by shaking out shoes in the morning and 

self-inspecting on a daily basis).You’ll be provided with anti-leech socks, and will be 

made aware of the risks from dangerous animals and disease and the need to restrict 

entrance to field sites if dangerous animals (e.g., elephants) are thought to be present. 

Staff members are trained in treating snakebites and will train participants on how to 

avoid snakes. They will carry a medical kit at all times in the field and are trained to 

recognize and treat anaphylaxis. Those with allergies should bring along medications 

(antihistamines, at least two EpiPens, etc.) as appropriate to relieve symptoms. Make 

any allergies known to Earthwatch scientists and inform staff of your treatment needs 

and location of any medication. Also note allergies on your Earthwatch Health Form. 

Many plants have irritating sap, thorns, spines, or large and heavy fruits. You will be 

briefed on potentially dangerous plants, how to recognize them, and the hazards posed 

by falling fruits, branches, and trees. Fieldwork stops during windy conditions or heavy 

rain when fruit, branch, and tree falls are more likely to occur. 

The climate in Sabah is moderate for a tropical country, but the hot, humid climate in 

combination with strenuous physical work can cause physical exhaustion, dehydration, 

heatstroke, sunstroke, and sunburn. Acclimate slowly, carry and drink sufficient water 

during fieldwork, and take precautions to avoid sun exposure: wear long-sleeved, 

lightweight clothing and a hat and apply high-factor sunscreen. If you begin to feel 

hot or ill, alert the Earthwatch scientists or project staff, cease strenuous activity, cool 

down in the shade, and receive first aid if necessary. Intense rainstorms are common; 

fieldwork and travel to field sites will stop during extreme weather conditions. If you 

are sensitive to heat or humidity, you will find participation in this expedition difficult or 

impossible. Many common prescriptions, including malaria prophylaxis, can increase 

your sensitivity to sun and heat. 

Because of the high humidity, persons using a hearing aid device may find it doesn’t 

work properly. You should consider purchasing a hearing aid dehumidifier. 

The team may need to wade through rivers or streams during fieldwork. Earthwatch 

scientists are trained in river crossing protocols, and will verify that participants 

can swim. Field staff will monitor weather conditions constantly and will not attempt 

crossings or will modify research locations if there is a likelihood of high water. The team 

will not cross water that is deeper than below the knee of the smallest person on the 

team. Always wear shoes to cross rivers and streams; we will let you know when this 

may occur so that you can pack sandals if necessary. 


21

Project Tasks/ 

Equipment 

Crossing suspension 

bridges or using 

aerial walkways 

Personal Security 

Swimming 

Disease/Infection 

Distance to Medical 

Care 

Earthwatchers will not be permitted to use dangerous work tools, including parangs 

(machetes), catapults, and mechanical and electrical equipment. All tools are checked 

for good condition, and only project staff members who are competent with tools can 

use them. Fogging using a very light synthetic pyretheroid will take place within the 

forest to assist in the capture of insects. You will not be close by for this, but there may 

be some drift or remnants of the fog may persist. If anyone has particularly sensitive 

skin, please speak to project staff and avoid the area of this activity. 

During the introductory walk around Danum and during recreational time at the Borneo 

Rainforest Lodge, you will need to use suspension bridges (this is optional during 

recreational time). There is a very low risk of bridge collapse and of slips and trips. 

Project staff will ensure that bridges are in good condition and will be aware of their 

maintenance history. The bridges have handrails and netting, which must be used. You 

will be briefed on the maximum number of people who can cross the bridge at one 

time; these instructions must be followed. Wooden walkways can be slippery when wet. 

Wire netting covers them to prevent slips, but always wear walking boots when crossing. 

Take the usual precautions for personal safety while traveling before and after the 

expedition. Use common sense in urban centers and when in transit. Travel in pairs or 

groups, avoid displays of money or other valuables, take taxis, and avoid traveling alone 

or at night. It is always best practice to leave unnecessary valuables at home. 

Swimming in the rivers is permitted only when the water level is low and the current is 

slack, as determined by project staff. Those who are not strong swimmers will not be 

allowed to enter the river. All participants in this expedition must be able to swim at least 

20 meters (65 feet). No one may swim after dark, alone, or while or after consuming 

alcohol. Tubing and other adventure-related water activities are not permitted. 

The team will be briefed on the risk of water-borne diseases, such as leptospirosis, 

when swimming and showering (you will be showering with river water), and other 

diseases. 

Food will be prepared with clean hands, and vegetables will be cooked thoroughly. 

All drinking water is boiled, and toilet facilities are cleaned and disinfected daily by the 

staff. All meat and fish will be fresh or stored properly in a refrigerator. Maintain a strict 

level of personal hygiene to reduce the possibility of disease or infection. Please see 

the Health Information section (see pg. 24) for vaccination recommendations. Most 

diseases are prevented with basic safety precautions (see pg. 24). 

The nearest fully equipped hospital is 63 kilometers (39 miles) from the field site, which 

can be up to a four-hour drive away. If you have a chronic condition that could require 

immediate medical care (e.g., allergies, heart conditions, kidney problems, severe 

asthma, etc.), or if you are pregnant, please discuss participating with your physician. 

22 


Safety 

Health Information 

Routine Immunizations 

All volunteers should have the following up-to-date 

immunizations: DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), polio, 

MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), and varicella (if you have 

not already had chicken pox). Please be sure your tetanus 

shot is current. 

Medical decisions are the responsibility of each 

volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are 

recommendations only. Earthwatch can only provide 

details regarding suggested vaccinations, and we are not a 

medical organization. 

Project Vaccinations 

REQUIRED: If traveling from countries or region where 

yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of 

vaccination. 

RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS: Typhoid, 

hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis, rabies 

Advice Regarding Diseases 

Traveler’s diarrhea affects many international travelers. 

Diseases found in Malaysia include malaria, dengue 

fever, filariasis, chikunguya, Japanese encephalitis, and 

plague (carried by insects); avian flu; schistosomiasis and 

leptospirosis (in fresh water); measles; and polio. Please 

see the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

(www.cdc.gov) or the World Health Organization (www. 

who.int/) websites for more information on these conditions 

and how to avoid them. 

You can decrease your risk of most diseases above by 

avoiding mosquito bites, practicing good hygiene, and 

drinking only bottled or filtered water when appropriate. 

If you feel ill or have any minor injuries (cuts, bruises) 

that take longer than normal to heal once you return from 

your trip, make sure you inform your doctor that you have 

recently returned from a tropical region. 

A few notes on vaccinations and treatment: 

• Malaria: Chloroquine-resistant malaria is present in 

the project area. Appropriate antimalarial prophylactic 

medications include atovaquone plus proguanil 

(Malarone), doxycycline (many brands and generics), 

and mefloquine (Lariam and generics). Consult 

your travel health provider for advice on malarial 

prophylaxis. Cover up at dawn and dusk and use 

insect repellent and mosquito nets as advised. 

• Rabies: Vaccinations are generally recommended 

for this expedition given the potential contact with 

wildlife. The rabies pre-exposure vaccination consists 

of three doses over a 28-day period. Please be sure 

to consult your physician or travel health clinic well 

before your expedition to ensure that you have time for 

the full vaccination series. If you have previously been 

vaccinated, a booster shot may be required. 

Whether you have been vaccinated or not, always 

avoid loose and stray dogs. The pre-exposure 

vaccination does not eliminate the need for postexposure 

medical attention and treatment, but it does 

provide additional protection against the disease in 

event of a delay in treatment. In addition, bites or 

scratches should be immediately and thoroughly 

washed with soap, clean water, and a topical 

povidone-iodine solution or ethanol. 

Emergencies in the Field 

In the case of an emergency in the field, first aid will 

be given by staff members who are all fully trained in 

emergency first aid. If medical facilities are required the 

person to be transported by project vehicle to the nearest 

medical facility, which is in Lahad Datu, 1.5 to two hours 

away from Danum Valley. In the case of serious injury or 

difficult access to locations by road, evacuation can be 

arranged by helicopter. 

If a participant has to depart the project early for a 

personal emergency, that individual would be transported 

to the airport in Lahad Datu by a member of the project 

staff. Please note that participants may leave the 

expedition early ONLY in cases of emergency. 

Proximity to Medical Care 

Physician, nurse, or EMT on staff: Project staff are not 

medical professionals 


23

Staff certified in safety training: All Royal Society SEARRP 

staff have advanced training in emergency first aid. 

CPR: Dr. Glen Reynolds, Dzaeman Dzulkifli, Kogila Vani 

Annammala, Yeong Kok Loong, Philip Ulok 

Nearest fully equipped hospital: 

Lahad Datu Hospital 

Peti Surat 65, 91007 Lahad Datu, Sabah 

Tel: (+6089) 88-1522 

Fax: (+6089) 88-4670 

Distance: Two hours by vehicle from Danum Valley; up to 

four hours from the Malua campsite. A helicopter would 

take one hour from either Tawau or Sandakan or 2 hours 

from Kota Kinabalu to arrive. Flight time from Danum to 

Lahad Datu hospital is approx. 30 minutes. 

INSURANCE 

MedEvac assistance, advice, and insurance are included 

in the contribution you pay to Earthwatch. The insurance 

covers your travel medical risks, including medical 

expenses and emergency medical evacuation, while you 

are traveling. It also provides trip cancelation insurance 

and baggage and personal money insurance. It doesn’t 

provide personal liability insurance. This coverage is 

valid in the country of your Earthwatch expedition and 

during travel to and from your expedition. (Note: For 

U.S. volunteers, the coverage is valid only when the 

expedition is over 100 miles from your place of residence. 

For Australia volunteers, the coverage is limited if the 

expedition is less than 50 kilometers from your place of 

residence). 

This insurance policy is secondary to your existing health 

insurance policy (e.g., NHS in the U.K., Medicare in 

Australia). 

Because of different governing laws in each country, 

policies are specific to each regional Earthwatch office. 

Please check with your sign-up office about your 

insurance coverage. 

If you signed up through Earthwatch U.K. or Earthwatch 

Japan, visit: www.earthwatch.org/europe/insuranceinfo. 

If you signed up through Earthwatch U.S., visit: www. 

earthwatch.org/insurance. 

If you signed up through the U.K., U.S., or Japan: If you 

have additional vacation time before and/or after your 

Earthwatch expedition that forms part of your overall time 

away from your place of residence, this additional vacation 

time is not covered under this policy. 

If you signed up through Earthwatch Australia, visit: www. 

earthwatch.org/australia/expeditions/insurance/ or contact 

Earthwatch Australia. 

Please refer any queries regarding Earthwatch’s policy to 

Earthwatch’s Operations Department at 978-450-1222 or 

insurance@earthwatch.org. 

Emergency Medical and Evacuation 

Assistance 

Emergency medical and evacuation assistance from 

CEGA Medical, a 24-hour international service, is also 

included in your contribution. Please see the contact 

information in the Medical and Security Assistance 

Helpline Numbers section on the inside back cover. 

You can also call CEGA for non-emergency information 

before your trip, such as advice on visas and vaccine 

requirements. 

24 


Project Staff 

Your Resources in the Field 

Earthwatch scientist Dr. Glen Reynolds has been the program manager and senior scientist at 

SEARRP since 2000, and is now the director. He is based at the Danum Valley Field Centre. He 

is also a research fellow in the Department of Geography at the University of Wales, Swansea, 

and an honorary research fellow of the NERC Centre for Population Biology at Silwood Park. He 

earned his B.S. (Honors) in horticulture at Wye College, University of London, and his Ph.D. at 

Imperial College, London, where he focused on vegetative propagation and the early development 

of dipterocarp cuttings. His main research interests include forest rehabilitation and its impacts on 

ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Glen is fluent in Bahasa Malaysia. His interests include 

hiking, cooking, horticulture, theater, reading, and running. Although Glen will be present on all 

teams, he will not always be present for the entire duration. All teams. 

Dzaeman Dzulkifli is a graduate zoologist from Queen Mary University, London. He completed his 

M.S. at the University of Zurich, where he looked at the growth and survival tradeoffs of 16 species 

of dipterocarp seedlings. He is currently based in Switzerland and is undertaking his Ph.D. at 

the University of Zurich, studying tropical rainforest restoration (based in the Sabah Biodiversity 

Experiment), in particular the growth rates of dipterocarp trees that dominate these forests, and 

the impacts forest management schemes have on insect diversity and community structure. 

Participants will help Dzaeman collect data on a vast number of dipterocarp seedlings that have 

been planted in the past two years. Dzaeman is a keen photographer and enjoys many outdoor 

activities, including mountain biking, hiking, rock climbing, snowboarding, fishing, and traveling. 

Teams 1-3 

Kogila Vani Annammala completed her M.S., which focused on hydrocarbon contamination in the 

tropical coastal waters of Sabah, in 2008. She is currently undertaking her Ph.D., jointly supervised 

by Associate Professor Kawi Bidin and Professor Rory Walsh, which focuses on erosion rates and 

sediment fingerprinting using tracers and radionuclide fallouts to identify sediment sources along 

the Segama River. She is a nature lover and enjoys meditating, cooking, artwork, and outdoor 

games. Participants will assist Vani in collecting data on local erosion and soil moisture levels in 

the forest. Vani will also be the main point of contact for participants during their time at Malua. All 

teams. 

Yeong Kok Loong, known as Benny, is from Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. He graduated 

with a master of science in forestry from the University of Malaysia Sabah, where he was funded 

by a university scholarship. He began his Ph.D. in January 2010 at the University of Malaysia 

Sabah, jointly supervised by Associate Professor John Tay and Professor Jane Hill. His research 

aims to investigate the dynamics of dipterocarp seedlings in forest fragments within the oil palm 

plantations in Sabah. This research will address ecological concepts related to forest regeneration 

and ecosystem functioning, as well as providing information and practical advice to the plantation 

managers. Benny will be assisted by the participants and research assistants for his projects. 

During his leisure time he likes to read, swim, and get involved in outdoor activities. All teams. 

Philip Ulok is the senior research assistant and manager of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment. Philip has worked with 

SEARRP since 2001 and, before this, on a large-scale forest rehabilitation project based close to Danum Valley. Philip is 

experienced in managing large teams has excellent plant identification skills (he received training in the U.K. at the Royal 

Botanic Gardens Kew), and speaks fluent English. He also plays a wide range of sports. All teams. 

Note: Staff schedules are subject to change. 


25

Recommended Reading 

Your Resources at Home 

resources 

Project-related Websites 

South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme: www. 

searrp.org/ 

Project Field Report 

Each Earthwatch-supported project submits a report on 

past research and results. The most recent field report 

for this project is available online at www.earthwatch.org/ 

FieldReportpdf/Reynolds_FieldReport2010.pdf. Note that 

reports are not available for all projects. 

Earthwatch’s Volunteer Resources 

Please see Earthwatch’s Volunteer Resources pages for 

additional information on: 

• Travel agencies with whom Earthwatch volunteers 

can get preferential rates 

• Recommended kit and clothing providers 

• Recommended travel booksellers 

Volunteers who sign up through our U.S. office, visit: 

www.earthwatch.org/volunteerresources 

Volunteers who sign up through our U.K. office, visit: 

www.earthwatch.org/europe/volunteerresources 

Social media: Find Earthwatch on Facebook at www. 

facebook.com/Earthwatch, follow us on Twitter at @ 

earthwatch_org, and see videos of many Earthwatch 

expeditions on YouTube at www.youtube.com/ 

earthwatchinstitute. If you’re on Twitter, use the hashtag 

“#globaltweet” when in the field with Earthwatch to 

help literally put your work on the map of worldwide 

volunteering efforts. We also invite you to use the 

Facebook and TurnTo plug-in features right on our 

website’s expedition pages to connect with other 

volunteers and staff. 

26 


Participant Rights and 

Responsibilities 

This document contains important information concerning 

Earthwatch Institute policies and participant rights and 

responsibilities for inclusion in an Earthwatch expedition. 

Please read this document thoroughly and sign the 

Liability Release section of your Earthwatch Participation 

Form to indicate that you understand and accept the 

risks inherent to your expedition and the policies, rights, 

and responsibilities enumerated in this document. You 

will not be permitted to participate in an expedition until 

Earthwatch has received the signed release form. 

Intellectual Property Rights 

It is permissible to share photos, videos, and stories of 

your expedition with family, friends, local media, and 

in a public forum. Sharing your new perspectives and 

experiences is welcomed and encouraged. 

However, please recognize that all information, data, 

and images shared or gathered in the course of your 

expedition’s field work become the intellectual property of 

the Earthwatch scientist. Co-opting or plagiarism of data, 

images, or information gathered during an expedition for 

use in a scientific thesis, master’s, or Ph.D. work, or for 

profit or for the academic or business use of a third party 

without the permission of the Earthwatch scientist is strictly 

prohibited. Please be aware that data gathered during 

the interviewing of local people become the intellectual 

property of the Earthwatch scientist. Earthwatch scientists 

have the right to place additional restrictions on your ability 

to share data or certain research-related images. 

Conversely, an Earthwatch scientist may give written 

permission to use data and images for academic 

or profitable activity. Please be sure to ask what is 

acceptable to the Earthwatch scientist. 

Fellows or scholarship recipients are sometimes required 

to submit a written report reflecting what they have learned 

on a project, sometimes as a step toward developing a 

curriculum. Earthwatch scientists have the right but not the 

obligation to review and edit materials involving information 

gathered on one of their expeditions. 

Discrimination 

Earthwatch does not discriminate on the basis of 

race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual 

orientation, or any other reason prohibited by applicable 

law and respects participants’ right to privacy. However, 

you must be aware that local laws in countries in which 

Earthwatch operates may not be antidiscriminatory 

and that the possibility exists that local residents may 

not have an awareness of preferred practice regarding 

discrimination. 

Discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, 

national origin, gender, or sexual orientation will not be 

tolerated on Earthwatch teams. Disruptive behavior or 

verbal, physical, or any other type of abuse or harassment 

will also not be tolerated. Violation of Earthwatch’s 

nondiscrimination policy is grounds for expulsion from the 

program without a refund. 

Intimate relationships 

Earthwatch scientists, their staff, their colleagues, and 

their associates are prohibited from becoming romantically 

involved with participants during the entire duration of the 

period that the team is in the field. Romantic relationships 

that may otherwise seem permissible may eventually 

create an unpleasant or unproductive work environment 

and are therefore prohibited for the duration of an 

Earthwatch project. 

Sexual Harassment 

Please recognize that the relationship that exists between 

Earthwatch scientists and staff and participants is 

analogous to the student-teacher relationship. Therefore, 

please be aware of the following policies. 

Sexual harassment of participants by the Earthwatch 

scientist or Earthwatch staff is prohibited. Likewise, sexual 

harassment of other participants, Earthwatch field staff, or 

local people by participants is also prohibited. 

Sexual harassment infringes on an individual’s right to an 

environment free from unsolicited and unwelcome sexual 

overtones of conduct either verbal or physical. Sexual 

harassment does not mean occasional compliments of a 

socially acceptable nature. 

Sexual harassment refers to conduct which is offensive, 

which harms morale, or which interferes with the 

effectiveness of Earthwatch expedition teams; such 

conduct is prohibited. Lewd or vulgar remarks, suggestive 

comments, displaying derogatory posters, cartoons, 

or drawings, pressure for dates or sexual favors, and 


27

unacceptable physical contact or exposure are examples 

of what can constitute harassment. No one should be 

touched in areas that would be covered by a bathing suit. 

It is important to realize that what may not be offensive to 

you may be offensive to participants, the local population, 

or Earthwatch field staff. 

Any individual who feels subjected to sexual harassment 

or has any knowledge of such behavior should report it 

at once to the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or 

other Earthwatch staff member. The Earthwatch scientist 

or Field Team Leader will notify Earthwatch when an 

accusation of sexual harassment or abuse is made or 

when such conduct is witnessed. 

All reports of sexual harassment will be handled 

with discretion and will be promptly and thoroughly 

investigated. Any participant who is found to have engaged 

in conduct constituting sexual harassment will be removed 

from the expedition at his or her own expense. If a minor 

is involved in allegations of sexual harassment, his or her 

parents or guardians will be contacted. 

Drugs 

Laws on drug use in most countries are severe and may 

impose lengthy prison terms or the death penalty. The 

manufacture, possession, use, purchase, or sale of illegal 

drugs or other illegal substances while on an Earthwatch 

expedition is strictly prohibited. Prescription drugs may 

only be purchased and used by the individual indicated 

on the prescription in keeping with their intended use 

guidelines. 

Alcohol 

Local statutes, customs, practices, ordinances, and 

regulations with regard to the use, possession, sale, or 

purchase of alcohol are applicable to all participants 

and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions. Participants 

and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions must comply 

with the law of the country in which a project is located 

regarding the minimum age required to consume alcohol. 

In addition, restriction on the use, possession, sale, 

or purchase of alcohol may be set by the Earthwatch 

scientist. Any restrictions on the consumption of alcohol 

should be clearly outlined by the project staff in the on-site 

briefing to participants at the start of the project and in the 

expedition briefing. 

Consumption or possession of alcohol or smoking is not 

permitted on any Earthwatch Teen Team, regardless of 

local law. 

Excessive consumption of alcohol by staff or participants 

is not acceptable on any Earthwatch project. Intoxication 

can jeopardize personal safety, in addition to the safety of 

the team. It can also cause delay and hinder response in 

the event of a crisis or emergency situation. 

Earthwatch staff and the Earthwatch scientist have the 

discretion to remove individuals from the project who 

consume alcohol in a time and manner that endanger the 

safety and/or productivity of the expedition. 

Minors 

Earthwatch considers participants less than eighteen (18) 

years of age to be minors. Minors are not permitted to 

28 


participate on any of Earthwatch’s standard teams unless 

accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, in which case 

the minimum age is fifteen (15). Guardians accompanying 

minors on standard teams must be 21 years of age or 

over. Minors on standard teams do not receive additional 

guidance or supervision from Earthwatch beyond what 

is offered to the adult participants. The total number of 

minors on standard teams may be limited on a project by 

project basis; this will be noted in the expedition briefing. 

A maximum of two minors may accompany each parent or 

guardian on a standard or Family Team. Earthwatch has 

developed teams specifically for 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds 

(“Teen Teams”) as well as teams specifically for families 

(“Family Teams”) with children as young as 10 years. 

These teams focus on the same research activities and 

have the same expectations as our regular teams, but 

with more facilitation and support. Exceptions for some 

projects may be made at the discretion of Earthwatch and 

the Earthwatch scientist. Due to a more in-depth screening 

process for certain programs that select candidates based 

on school year rather than age, there may be 18-year-olds 

fielding on the same team as 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds. 

Please be aware that some Earthwatch projects do not 

allow participation by minors in any circumstance. 

Participants and Driving 

Participants are not allowed to drive project vehicles 

(including motorcycles or all terrain vehicles) or aircraft 

during an expedition. In select circumstances, participants 

may be able to drive boats under the direct supervision by 

project staff. These circumstances are predetermined by 

project staff in collaboration with Earthwatch. Participants 


29

must respect the restrictions for boat driving in place for 

each project. 

If a project environment is such that participants can drive 

their own vehicles to the rendezvous, those who have 

driven themselves to the project may not drive their own 

vehicles to, from, or for project activities, including the 

transport of project equipment after arriving at the site. 

Participants who have driven themselves to the 

project may choose to utilize their own vehicles during 

recreational time, but project staff will brief them on any 

driving restrictions. All driving during recreational time is 

done at your own risk. 

Please be advised that the only exception to the above 

driving restrictions is emergency situations. 

Riding in other participants’ vehicles is not covered under 

the participants’ insurance policy for the expedition. Riding 

in another participant’s vehicle is done at a participant’s 

own risk. 

In the Event of an Emergency 

In the event of emergencies, judgments must be made by 

Earthwatch field staff and participants. While Earthwatch 

makes an effort to ensure that qualified people make the 

most informed decisions possible, occasionally first aid 

may be administered and other immediate steps taken 

by expedition participants who are not licensed medical 

providers. 

Each Earthwatch expedition has safety protocols and 

emergency procedures in place. Earthwatch encourages 

team members (the field staff and participants) to exercise 

their best judgment with regard to their own safety and 

the safety of other team members. Other participants 

may perform “Good Samaritan” actions, or actions taken 

to assist fellow participants during emergency situations 

in the field. However, Earthwatch does not encourage 

or expect you to jeopardize your own safety or that of 

others in attempting to rescue or assist your fellow team 

members. 

Right of Refusal 

Earthwatch reserves the right to refuse an applicant’s 

participation in an Earthwatch project at any time and 

to terminate any work being done by a participant 

and require the participant to vacate the project site if 

the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other 

Earthwatch staff member in his or her absolute discretion 

considers it appropriate. In this event, the participant 

(and his or her parents or guardians, if appropriate) 

will be responsible for arranging and paying for any 

accommodation, travel, or other arrangements which may 

be necessary following the termination of a participant’s 

involvement in a project, for whatever reason, and will not 

be eligible for a refund. 

Earthwatch may not refuse an applicant’s participation 

in a project for discriminatory reasons (race, religion, 

ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or 

any other reason prohibited by applicable law). However, 

an application may be denied in the interest of team 

compatibility or due to logistical limitations. Earthwatch 

will make reasonable efforts to accommodate participants 

with disabilities, and the organization endeavors to 

find appropriate expeditions for those participants who 

have physical limitations. Refusal of an applicant is an 

unusual event and is generally done either because 

of an applicant’s failure to meet the essential eligibility 

requirements of a particular project or in the interest of 

team compatibility. In the event that an applicant is refused 

participation for health reasons, Earthwatch will refund in 

full any deposit or payment made toward the expedition. 

Earthwatch scientists have the right to refuse special 

requests, such as visits by media (film, photography, or 

print), special groups, or teams (students, donors, etc.), if 

they conflict with Earthwatch scientist schedules, safety, 

research objectives, or general performance of the team. 

Any participant found in violation of any of the policies 

described in this document (“Participant Rights and 

Responsibilities”) is subject to removal from the team at 

his or her own expense. By signing the Liability Release 

section of your Earthwatch Participation Form, you are 

indicating that you have read and understand the policies 

in this document. Removal of a participant from a team is 

at the discretion of the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team 

Leader, or other Earthwatch staff. In addition, Earthwatch 

will support the right of the Earthwatch scientist, Field 

Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff to send a 

participant away from a project once in the field should 

his or her behavior compromise the safety, research 

objectives, or general performance of the team, or if the 

participant has violated a stated policy. In the event that a 

minor is dismissed from a project, Earthwatch will contact 

the participant’s parents or guardians prior to his or her 

dismissal. Should a participant be removed from a team, 

he or she is responsible for any and all costs associated 

with departure from the team and will receive neither 

refund of the minimum contribution for the expedition nor 

any expenses incurred by participation on the expedition. 

(November 2012) 

30 


Communications 

Contact Information 

Emergency Communications 

Barring unforeseen difficulties, satellite broadband Internet 

access and telephone communications are available 

at the main field bases (Danum Valley and Malua). 

Satellite telephones are available for use in emergency 

situations only. There will be mobile phone coverage at 

the rendezvous point in Lahad Datu but not in any of the 

field sites. As communication options are limited, a strict 

journey management plan is enforced to ensure that camp 

managers know when to expect teams and can implement 

searches if they do not appear. Two or more field staff will 

always travel with each team or group to ensure someone 

can go for help if necessary. 

Internet and telephone communications are not available 

at night, and sometimes connections go down during 

the day. Having several forms of communication should 

ensure there is always some means available to contact 

outside help in the event of an emergency. 

Personal Communications 

There will be no communication possibilities for 

participants while in the field except during the recreation 

day, when phone signal and/or Wi-Fi will hopefully be 

available at the Borneo Rainforest Lodge but this is not 

guaranteed. Should an emergency arise project staff and 

Earthwatch can be in contact using satellite phones. See 

the Travel Tips section (pg. 18) for dialling codes and time 

difference. 

The telephone numbers in Danum Valley are: 

General office: +60 (0) 89-841101 

Royal Society SEARRP: +60 (0) 89-841103 

Personal communication with outsiders is not always 

possible while participating in an expedition. Earthwatch 

encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and 

immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family 

and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only. 


31

Message from Earthwatch 

Dear Earthwatcher, 

Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental 

science and conservation. 

As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you’re out in the field working 

toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments in 

which we work, we’ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning for 

over 40 years. You’re in good hands. 

We hope this expedition will inspire you to get more involved in conservation and sustainable development priorities—not 

just out in the field, but also when you return home. We encourage you to share your experiences with others, and to 

transfer your skills and enthusiasm to environmental conservation efforts in your workplace, community, and home. 

If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and 

enjoy your expedition! 

Sincerely, 

Larry Mason 

President and CEO 

Connect with other 

Earthwatchers! Find 

us on Facebook at 

facebook.com/ 

Earthwatch 

or find us on 

Twitter at 

@earthwatch_org 

Earthwatch’s 24-Hour Helpline 

If you need help at any time, call Earthwatch’s 24-hour 

on-call duty officer in the U.K.: 

+44 (0) 7900-895-752 

If you reach voicemail, state that you have an 

emergency communication and leave a clear message 

with the name of the field program, your name, the 

location from which you are calling, and, if possible, 

a phone number where you can be reached. An 

Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within 

one hour. 

You may also call Earthwatch in the U.S.: 

+1 (978) 461-0081 

After business hours, leave your message with our live 

answering service who will contact an Earthwatch staff 

person who will respond to your call. 

Medical and Security 

Assistance Helpline Numbers 

(For assistance while in the field) 

When calling any of the helplines, please 

mention Earthwatch and policy reference number 

560020011200. 

CEGA Emergency Medical & Travel Assistance: 

+44 (0)20 3059 8770 

You may call this number collect or reverse charges if 

necessary in a medical emergency. 

Henderson Risk Security Assistance and Advice: 

+44 (0)20 3059 8772 

axisenquiries@hendersonrisk.com 

32 


Earthwatch U.S. 

114 Western Ave. 

Boston, MA 02134 

info@earthwatch.org 

www. earthwatch.org 

Phone: 1-978-450-1246 

Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188 

Fax: 1-978-461-2332 

Earthwatch U.K. 

Mayfield House 

256 Banbury Rd. 

Oxford, OX2 7DE 

United Kingdom 

info@earthwatch.org.uk 

www.earthwatch.org.uk 

Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838 

Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383 

Earthwatch Australia 

126 Bank St. 

South Melbourne, 

VIC 3205 

Australia 

earth@earthwatch.au 

www.earthwatch.org/ 

australia 

Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590 

Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652 

Earthwatch Japan 

Food Science Bldg.4F 

The University of Tokyo 

1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 

Tokyo 113-8657, Japan 

info@earthwatch.jp 

www.earthwatch.jp 

Phone: 81-0-3-3511-3360 

Fax: 81-0-3-3511-3364

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