Chapter 9 Part 1 Lecture Notes.pdf

Part 1
Anatomy of Blood and the Heart

• What’s in your blood?
• Functions of Blood Cells
• Anatomy of the Heart

• The heart pumps
blood throughout
your body
• Blood picks up and
drops off different
substances to
ensure that cells
have oxygen and
carbon dioxide as
well as other waste
products are
properly disposed
of

• Considered a connective
tissue
• When your blood is
centrifuged (spun really
fast) it separates
materials by density
• Your blood consists of a
liquid component called
plasma
• You blood also consists
of 3 formed components
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets

• 92% is water
• 8% is made of plasma
proteins, salt, nutrients,
urea, hormones and
vitamins
• 3 Types of Plasma
Proteins
• Albumin – maintains
proper osmotic
pressure
• Fibrinogen – helps
with clotting
• Immunoglobulin –
AKA antibodies

• AKA Erythrocytes
• RBCs contain a protein
called hemoglobin
which carries oxygen
• Oxyhemoglobin is
bright red (makes your
arteries look red)
• Deoxyhemoglobin is
purplish-blue (makes
your veins look blue
• Live for about 4 months

• AKA leukocytes
• Not as many WBCs as
RBCs
• Fight off invading
microbes, bacteria,
viruses
• Two main types of
WBCs
• Granular Leukocytes
• Agranular Leukocytes

White Blood Cell Functions
Type of White Blood Cell
Specific Functions
Granular Leukocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils
Numbers increase during allergic reactions
and parasitic infections
First to respond to infections - phagocytize
Seep out of vessels at site of injury and
release histamine to dilate vessels
Agranular Leukocytes - Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Monocytes
Form antibodies to fight infection
Destroy cells that contain foreign material
Mature into macrophages, engulf diseasecausing
microbes, stimulate other WBCs into
action

• AKA thrombocyte
• Tiny fragments of cells
• Large cells in the bone
marrow called
megakaryocytes break
into fragments which are
platelets
• Help the clotting process
by plugging up the
injured blood vessels

• Main organ of the
circulatory system
• The heart is the driving
force behind the
movement of the blood
• The pressure is
generates by the
pumping action, forces
the blood through the
vessels
• The heart lies between
the lungs and behind
and slightly to the left
of the sternum

• Pericardium/Pericardial
Tissue: thick layer of
muscle tissue and a
protective membrane that
folds into two layers
surrounding the heart
• Endothelial Tissue:
endothelial tissue that
lines the inside of the heart
and is continuous with all
your blood vessels

• Pericardial Cavity:
Coronary vessels –
blood vessels that
supply the tissues
of the heart with
nutrients and
oxygen
• Myocardium:
muscular layer of
the heart

• Epicardium: inner layer of
the pericardium, covers the
myocardium and secretes
perocardial fluid to help
lubricate so tissues don’t
rub together during
contraction
• Parietal Pericardium:
outermost layer of the heart,
thin, white, fibrous
connective tissue that joins
the major blood vessels

• Right Atrium
• Left Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Left Ventricle
• Interatrial Septum –
wall dividing the two
atria
• Interventricular
Septum – wall
dividing the two
ventricles

• The heart contains several
valves
• Valves keep blood flowing in
the right direction on the
pathway and allows the right
amount of blood into each
chamber
• The names of the valves can
tell you their location or
certain characteristics
• Semilunar Valves - half
moons
• Atrioventricular Valves
(AV) – between the atria and
ventricles
• Bicuspid Valve – 2 flaps
• Tricuspid Valve – 3 flaps

• What are the 3 formed components of blood?
• List some of the types of white blood cells
• What is the name of the thin fibrous tissue that
covers the heart?
• What are the four chambers of the heart?
• Under what conditions does blood look purplish
blue?
• What types of substances are carried in plasma?
• What is the purpose of the circulatory system?