Norton, Waterlow and Braden scores: a review of ... - Cardiff University

Tissue viability
Comparison between scores and clinical judgement
for individuals with spinal cord injury. American Journal of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75, 96–104.
Salzberg CA, Byrne DW, Kabir R, van Niewerburg P & Cayten CG
(1999) Predicting pressure ulcers during initial hospitalization for
acute spinal cord injury. Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical
Research and Practice 11, 45–57.
Scott F & Newens A (1999) Hospital monitoring of pressure ulcers in
the UK. Journal of Wound Care 8, 221–224.
Shakespeare P (1994) Scoring the risk scores. Journal of Tissue
Viability 4, 21–22.
Smith LN, Booth N, Douglas D, Robertson WR, Walker A, Durie M,
Fraser A, Hillan EH & Swaffield J (1995) A critique of ‘at risk’
pressure sore assessment tools. Journal of Clinical Nursing 4, 153–
159.
Spenceley P (1988) Norton v. Waterlow. Nursing Times 84, 52–3.
Stotts NA (1999) Literature review. Risk of pressure ulcer development
in surgical patients: a review of the literature. Advances in
Wound Care: The Journal for Prevention and Healing 12, 127–
136.
Tarpey A, Gould D, Fox C, Davies P & Cocking M (2000) Evaluating
support surfaces for patients in transit through the accident
and emergency department. Journal of Clinical Nursing 9, 189–
198.
Thompson D (2005) Tissue viability. An evaluation of the Waterlow
pressure ulcer risk-assessment tool. British Journal of Nursing 14,
455–459.
Torrance C (1983) Pressure Sores Aetiology, Treatment and
Prevention. Croom Helm, London.
Van Marum RJ, Ooms ME, Ribbe MW & van Eijk JT (2000) The
Dutch pressure sore assessment score or the Norton scale for identifying
at-risk nursing home patients Age and Ageing 29, 63–68.
Vap PW & Dunaye T (2000) Pressure ulcer risk assessment in longterm
care nursing. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 26, 37–45.
Wardman C (1991) Norton v. Waterlow. Nursing Times 87, 74, 76,
78.
Waterlow J (1985) Pressure sores: a risk assessment card. Nursing
Times 81, 49–55.
Waterlow J (1988) Prevention is cheaper than cure. Nursing Times
84, 69–70.
Waterlow J (1991) A policy that protects. Professional Nurse 6,
25–264.
Waterlow J (1996) Pressure Sore Assessments. Nursing Times 92,
53–58.
Willock J (2006) The development of a paediatric pressure ulcer risk
assessment scale using patient data. University of Glamorgan,
Pontypridd.
Winter GD (1962) Formation of scab and the rate of epithelialization
of superficial wounds m the skin of the young domestic pig. Nature
193, 293–294.
Xakellis GC Jr, Frantz RA, Lewis A & Harvey P (1998) Costeffectiveness
of an intensive pressure ulcer prevention protocol in
long-term care. Advances in Wound Care: The Journal for
Prevention and Healing 11, 22–29.
Zollo MB, Gostisha ML, Berens RJ, Schmidt JE & Weigle CGM
(1996) Altered skin integrity in children admitted to a pediatric
intensive care unit. Journal of Nursing Care Quality 11, 62–67.
Ó 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation Ó 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 653