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• Introduction – Motivation Outline – Factors Affecting <strong>Color</strong> and Tone Reproduction – Methods of Presenting Results • Studies – Receiver Effects – Camera Gamma Correction Effects and Noise – Camera <strong>Color</strong> Response Effects – Illumination Effects • Conclusions 2
Introduction - Motivation • Discussion of color quality of color TV images is always full of speculation about how good the color was when the system was new • Many factors cannot be known, since they depend on the adjustments and performance of individual pieces of equipment at the time of use • There is data, however for some factors, particularly the spectral response of some of the early cameras. This allows computation and accurate display of the colorimetric performance of early cameras using modern equipment 3
Page 1: Viewing 1950s Color Over 50 Years L
Page 5 and 6: Many Factors Affect Color Quality -
Page 23 and 24: Many Factors Affect Color Quality
Page 25 and 26: Order of Presentation for Factors S
Page 27 and 28: 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
Page 29 and 30: Visual Display of Effects • Image
Page 31 and 32: Test Colors - Assorted (Spectrum is
Page 33 and 34: Receiver Effects 33
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Receiver White Point and
Page 39 and 40: Simulating Effects of Receiver Whit
Page 41 and 42: Simulating Effects of Receiver Whit
Page 43 and 44: Original 43
Page 45 and 46: Parker’s Primaries and 9300K + 27
Page 53 and 54:
Effects of Receiver White Point and
Page 55 and 56:
Parker’s Primaries and 9300K + 27
Page 57 and 58:
Original 57
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Original 61
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Page 65 and 66:
Parker’s Matrix vs. Higher-Satura
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Vegetable Market - Parker’s Prima
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Vegetable Market - Parker’s Matri
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Vegetable Market - High Gain Matrix
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For the Remainder of this Presentat
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Image Orthicon Color Cameras L. UV-
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Gamma Correction and Noise 85
Page 87 and 88:
Problems with Gamma Correction •
Page 89 and 90:
TK-41 Gamma Correction - Highlight
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TK-41 Gamma Correction • The comb
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Cascaded Gamma Correction Stages WI
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TK-41 - Gamma Corrector OFF Linear
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TK-41 - Highlight Compression, Nois
Page 99 and 100:
TK-41 - Highlight Compression, Gain
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Original Original 101
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
TK-41 - Improved Image Orthicon - L
Page 107 and 108:
Higher-Gain Gamma Correction - 31 d
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Histograms Generation of Noise in P
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Histograms 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 11-Ste
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Assumptions for Color Analysis •
Page 117 and 118:
Sources of Camera and System Data
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Test Colors - Gretag-Macbeth Chart
Page 121 and 122:
“Taking Characteristics” for Gi
Page 123 and 124:
Display Primaries - NTSC 0.9 0.8 0.
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Taking Characteristics - NTSC • T
Page 127 and 128:
RCA Trinoscope #1 127
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Mitsubishi Trinescope 1964 New York
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Taking Characteristics - Trinoscope
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Taking Characteristics - Reduced Ga
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Taking Characteristics - sRGB sRGB
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Calculations • All measured and s
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Calculations • Displayed color fo
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Possible Improvements via Linear Ma
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Camera Taking Characteristics • C
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1949 Cameras • Camera used in Oct
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November 1949 taking characteristic
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October 1949 taking characteristics
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March 1953 Cameras • Four cameras
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140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -
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March 1953 Camera No. 3 Taking Char
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Prism Camera Taking Characteristics
Page 159 and 160:
Prism Measurements As Provided, wit
Page 161 and 162:
Tracing of Image Orthicon Spectral
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Stage-by-Stage Analysis 163
Page 165 and 166:
Tracing of Widdop’s Blue Mirror T
Page 167 and 168:
Red Channel BLUE DICHROIC TRIM FILT
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Red Channel Trimming Filters Red Ch
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Red Channel Optics Plus Image Orthi
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Green Channel TRIM FILTER BLUE DICH
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Green Channel Dichroic Mirrors Plus
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Blue Channel Using Widdop’s Mirro
Page 179 and 180:
Blue Channel Dichroic Mirror Blue C
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Blue Channel Optics Plus Image Orth
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Over-All Results with Widdop’s Mi
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Over-All Results with Crossed Widdo
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October 1949 camera 187
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October 1949 camera CAUTION - Lumin
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November 1949 camera 0.9 y November
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March 1953 no.2 camera 193
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March 1953 no.2 camera NORMAL VIEWE
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March 1953 no.3 camera 0.9 0.8 0.7
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Prism camera 199
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Prism camera NORMAL VIEWER VARIATIO
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Linear Luminance Curves • Each sl
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November 1949 linear luma November
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March 1953 no.3 linear luma 3/20/53
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Results for Experimental and Hypoth
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March 1953 Camera No. 2 with Trinos
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March 1953 Camera No. 2 with Reduce
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March 1953 Camera No. 2 with Reduce
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Comments on Reduced-Gamut Display
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Photoshop Adjustments to Approximat
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Veggie Market As Seen by 10/49 Came
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Effect of Incandescent Lighting Inc
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Analysis of Illuminant Effects •
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Analysis of Illuminant Effects •
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NTSC Taking Curves Multiplied by IL
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Prism Camera Taking Curves Multipli
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Mar 53 #3 Camera Multiplied by IL C
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Mar 53 #3 Camera, Illuminant, and G
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Mar 53 #3 Camera, Illuminant, and R
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March 1953 Camera No.3 Under Illumi
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Prism Camera Under Illuminants C an
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Prism Camera Under Illuminants C an
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Prism Camera Under Illuminant C Wit
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Prism Camera Under Illuminant C 253
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Prism Camera Under Illuminant C NOR
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Veggie Market as seen by Prism came
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Conclusions • Computerized calcul
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Conclusions • Color distortions c
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Thank You 263
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References [Ref01] Jay Adrick, priv
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References Note: [Ref29 -Ref36] can
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