Water safety in buildings - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

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As discussed throughout this document, the most effective way of assuring drinkingwater safety in buildings is the application of WSPs that cover all issues, from planning and construction to surveillance of tapwater quality. The central role of WSPs should be reinforced and supported by regulatory and policy frameworks. In addition to drinking-water legislation, many countries have established standardsetting bodies and certification systems. Standards and codes of practice can apply to a broad range of activities that can influence construction and management of drinkingwater systems in buildings. These can include standards relating to construction of buildings, installation of plumbing, water systems and sewage systems, as well as the design, installation, maintenance and operation of devices such as cooling towers and evaporative condensers, swimming pools, hot-tub pools, hot-water systems and plumbing devices. Standards could also apply to sampling, testing and accreditation of technical experts (e.g. plumbers) and auditors. Tables 5.1–5.3 summarize the tools needed by legislators for addressing WSP implementation in accordance with national legislation, technical regulations, standards and codes of practice. 5 Supporting environment 103
Table 5.1 Management legislation Area of management legislation Issues for legislator or regulator Issues for standard-setting and certification agencies Building construction and commissioning (as far as the water distribution system is concerned) Maintaining required water quality • Award the right of inspection entry, at building stages, to those responsible for regulating and certifying water systems • Enforce the WSP-in-building approach • Enforce by law the certification scheme for everyone involved, and their role • Enforce mandatory WSPs for buildings of specified characteristics (size; kind of occupancy; public or open to public, etc.) • Identify responsibilities for at least the following: – owners – building managers – WSP managers • Identify independent regulatory agencies for performing technical inspection • Establish procedures for monitoring and reporting for health protection (implemented by the building manager and an independent health authority; for health-care premises, this is implemented by infection-control teams) Surveillance • Set the minimum surveillance requirements for WSPs • Identify independent entities for implementing the surveillance programme (public and/or third party) and specify their scope and given authority • Ensure independent entity has right of access and inspection of WSPs • Ensure the independent entity has the authority to order actions deemed necessary for protecting consumer health and safety WSP, water safety plan. • Provide construction and plumbing standards • Provide codes of good practice for each category of work • Provide commissioning procedures and testing methods for water distribution systems and individual components, as required • Establish training and certification programmes for everyone involved • Prepare general and specific WSPs according to the characteristics of the building (size; type); these should include definitions of major risks (microbiological, chemical, hydraulic) and responses to major events (natural catastrophes) • Provide a training and certification programme for those involved (identified in legislation) • Develop standards, guidance and a code of good practice for the operation and maintenance of water distribution systems in general, and for individual components and devices, as required • Define WSP surveillance programmes (frequency, required analyses, etc.) • Establish accreditation scheme for independent entities performing surveillance of WSPs • Establish accreditation schemes for laboratories 104 Water safety in buildings
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Water safety in buildings Edited by
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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
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3 Roles and responsibilities ......
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5 Supporting environment ..........
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Box 4.8 Legionella hazard due to un
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then in December 2005 (by the WHO C
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Martin EXNER, Institute for Hygiene
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Abbreviations and acronyms GDWQ Wor
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hotels have often received extensiv
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2 What are the issues This section
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2.2 System design The basic require
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2.4 People who use buildings Buildi
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2.5 Building types Buildings can in
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hospitals use private water supplie
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At large sporting clubs, immersion
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3.2 Building commissioners A range
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should be prevented, and backflow-p
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In other cases, levels of service o
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• Physicians are responsible for
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Administration of occupational heal
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Step 1: Terms of reference Step 2:
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Step 1: Design strategic frameworks
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Figure 4.1 provides an overview of
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specific water uses. An accurate de
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4.4.3 Understanding and documenting
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2 Possible building-specific source
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4 Devices for heating and supplying
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Existence of standards and regulati
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Chemicals used in water-using devic
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Box 4.5 Water quality at rural Sout
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• inadequate monitoring and poor
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Factors associated with biofilm for
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Water safety in buildings - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

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