Eichinger_Trier_Jost_1996.pdf

LEXICON GRAMMATICORUM
Who's Who in the History of World Linguistics
General Editor:
Harro Stammerjohann
Co-Editors:
Sylvain Auroux •Dieter Cherubim •Tullio De Mauro
Donatella Di Cesare •Eric P. Hamp Christoph Harbsmeier
Caroline C. Henriksen •Miklös Kontra •Andrzej M. Lewicki
Bruno Lewin •Jolanta Mindak •Jan Noordegraaf *
Georges-Jean Pinault •Irène Rosier •Algirdas Sabaliauskas
Paul Salmon •Ramön Sarmiento •Werner Sasse
Sorin Stati •Kees Versteegh
English-Language Editor:
James Kerr
Max Niemeyer Verlag
Tübingen 1996

930 Trdvniöek, Frantisek
Neslovesne vety v cestine, II: Vety nomindlni, Brno.
(1931b): Spisovnd ree a nareci ve skole, Praha. (1933):
Cesko-slovensky pomer po straw*■jazykove, Bratislava.
(1935a): “Zaporky ve spisovne cestine”, NR 19,
315-20. (1935b): Historickd mluvnice ceskoslovenskd,
Praha. (1935c): Sprdvnd ceskd vyslovnost, Brno. With
P. VAsa (1937): Slovnik jazyka eeskeho, 2 vols., Praha
(21941, 41952). (1940a): Ndstroj mysleni a dorozumenl,
Praha. (1940b): Spisovnd ceskd vyslovnost, Brno (G.
transl.: Phonetik der tschechischen Schriftsprache, Halle
an der Saale [1954]). (1941a): Strucnd mluvnice ceskd,
Praha (l2l 966). (1941b): “Funkce eeskeho pfizvuku”,
SS 7, 17-21. (1947a): Umeleckd mluva, Praha. (1947b):
Üvod do eeskeho jazyka, Praha (31952). (1948): Mluvnice
spisovne cestiny I, Praha (31951^. (1949): Mluvnice
spisovne cestiny II, Praha. (1951): Cesky jazykospytnv
Strukturalismus ve svetle Stalinova uceni o jazyce, Praha.
(1953a): O jazykovim slohu, Praha. (1953b): Nauka o
slovni zdsobe, Praha. (1954): “K predmetov6mu infinitivu”,
NR 37, 71-3. (1956): Historickd mluvnice ceskd
III: Skladba, Praha (21962). (1961a): “Tak zvany
jmenovaci nominativ”, NR 44, 200-7. (1961b): Ja ­
zykove zakampi, Brno.— For complete biblio. see below:
Kellner (1948), Prazsky Lingvisticky Krouzek (1938),
Tyl (1958), Vasek (1962).
G r e p l , M. (1988): “Sto let od narozeni F.T.”, NR
71, 216-21. H a v rAn e k , B. (1961): “Za akademikem
F.T.”, S S 27, 161-2. J e d l ic k a , A. (1961): “Za akademikem
F.T.”, NR 44, 193-9. J e l in e k , M. (1961):
“Akademik F.T.”, SFFB U 10, A-9, 5-15. K e l l n e r ,
A. (1948): “Soupis praci F.T. za leta 1938-1948”,
in: A. Gnmd et al., eds., Pocta F. Travnickovi ä F.
Wollmanovi, Brno, 483-532. K r Is t e k , V. (1958): “ K
sedmdesätinäm akademika F.T.”, NR 41, 113-22.
P r a z s k y L in g v is t ic k y K r o u z e k (1938): Soupis praci
Frantiska Trdvnlcka a Franko Wollmana, Praha.
S l o s a r , D. (1988/9): “Akademik F.T. *1888”, CJLit
39, 31-5. T y l , Z. (1958): “Soupis praci akademika
F.T. za leta 1948-1958”, in: V. Machek, ed., Studie
ze slovanski jazykovedy, Praha, 469-76. V a s e k , A.
(1962): “Soupis praci akademika F.T. za leta 1958—
1962”, SFFB U 11, A-10, 231-4.
. r'
Andrzej M. Lewicki
Treml, Lajos —>Tamäs, Lajos.
Trench, Richard Chenevix, b. Sep. 5, 1807,
Dublin, d. Mar. 26, 1886, London; major popularizer
of the history of the E. language.
T. studied from 1825-9 at Trinity College,
Cambridge, and graduated M.A. 1833. Ordained
priest in. 1835, he began the study of
patristic learning and theol. which was later to
form the basis of his ling, research. He was
appointed prof. of Divinity at King’s College,
London, 1846, and consecrated Archbishop of
Dublin, Jan. 1864. T. oversaw the disestablishment
of the Ir. church and resigned in 1884; he
is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Written at the time that comp, philol. gained
its Lite entrance into British intellectual life, T.’s
work has its basis in a distinct hist, perspective.
In his various works he holds lang. to be
the key to understanding the past, since it is
in the semantic developments of words that we
can best trace the history in which such changes
took place. His initial interest derived from his
theol. research, which posited lang. as the “moral
barometer” (1851:59) by which history could
be evaluated. This developed, by way of strong
links with the G. Romantic tradition, into an
interest in the E. lang. as the repository of the
nation’s past. In this respect his work typifies
the mid-Victorian stress on the unity of lang.
and nation in Britain. The later work extends
this interest and it is T. who initiates the major
national and ling, project, the New [subsequently
Oxford\ E. Diet. His paper to the Philol.
Society (1857) indicated the need for a new and
more complete diet, than that of S. —> Johnson
and argued that it be founded upon hist, principles.
It is perhaps his major achievement to have
noted the need for such a project and to have
suggested its format.
(1851): On the study o f words, London. (1853): On the
lessons in proverbs, London. (1859): A select glossary
o f E. words used formerly ,n senies different from their
present, London. (1860a): Some deficiencies in our E.
diets., 2nd ed., revd. and enl., London ( ’ 1857). (1860b):
On some deficiencies in our E. diets.; to which is attached
a letter to the author from H. Coleridge on the
progress and prospects o f the Philol. Soc.'s New E.
Diet., London.
A a r s l e f f , H. (1967): The study o f lang. in England,
1780-1860, Princeton, NJ. C r o w l e y , T. (1989): The
politics o f discourse: the standard lang. question in British
cultural debates, London.
Tony Crowley
Trier, Jost, b. Dec. 15, 1894, Schlitz, Hesse, Germany,
d. Sep. 15, 1970, Miinster Germany; G.
philologist, specialist in hist, semantics, initiator
of the theory of semantic fields.
After schooling in Barmen, Ruhr, T. studied
G. and Romance philol. and comp, lings, at the
univs. of Freiburg im Breisgau and, after participation
in the First World War and French imprisonment,
Basle and Marburg an der Lahn,
taking his state examination 1920, followed by
further studies at Freiburg until 1923, where he
obtained his doctorate 1923/4 with a thesis on
an hist, and onomastic subject. Having returned
to Marburg, he completed his Habilitation there
about a topic in hist, semantics (publ. 1931).
1932 he was appointed prof. ordinarius at the
Univ. of Miinster, to which he remained faithful
up to his death despite numerous offers, from
other univs. (1936 Heidelberg, 1938 Berlin, 1946
Göttingen, 1951 Basle).

Trissino, Gian Giorgio 931
T. is mainly known for his research on structural
semantics, esp. semantic fields ( Wortfeldforschung),
and for his etymol. studies. The first
of these central themes of his work is already to
be found in his Habilitationsschrift (1931). In this
work T.’s approach to analyzing the meaning
of the words denotating intellectual qualitites
broke with the semasiol. tradition of that time.
Instead of trying to describe the content of the
single words, he emphasized that the meaning
of words could not be appropriately described
without taking into account their relations to
“neighbors” (Begriffsverwandte) in the semantic
field (Wortfeld). The idea of semantic fields,
which later gained great importance within what
is referred to as inhaltbezogene Grammatik (L.
—» Weisgerber, W. -» Porzig) can be understood
as an adaptation of the structuralist ideas of
lang, as a system to the area of word meaning.
This theory was widely adopted, although
some of the original assumptions were harshly
criticized, esp. the idea of the completeness of
the field and some of its epistemol. assumptions
(concerning the innere Sprachform concept). T.
himself later on rarely took part in this discussion
(but cf. his contr. on “Dt. Bedeutungsforschung”
[1934a], which goes back to W.v. ->
Humboldt, and the coll. of articles in van der
Lee/Reichmann [1973]).
From 1938 on, T.’s pubis, increasingly reflect
his ethnographically based (onomasiol.) interests
in etymology. He developed a special kind
of etymol. interpretation which tries to explain
the development of G. words from their ‘ergol.’
aspect, taking into account the nature of manual
occupations in order to explain the meaning of
the words in question, e.g. the techniques used
in building fences and houses as well as cultural
development connected with the cutting of rods.
With this idea he continues the Wörter und Sachen
research (cf. R. —> Meringer), relying on
thoughts already brought into the discussion by
J. -» Grijnm. Although the inspiring character
of this work is widely acknowledged and many
of his interpretations are cited in the standard
works of etymol., there is some discussion about
the validity of the genl. assumptions and the
explanatory force of the ergol. basis.
(1924): Der heilige Jodocus. Sein Leben und seine Verehrung.
Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Gesch. der dt. Namengebung,
Breslau. (1931): Der dt. Wortschatz im Sinnbezirk
des Verstandes. Die Gesch. eines sprachlichen Feldes. I.
Von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts,
Heidelberg (repr. 1974). (1932): “Sprachliche Felder”,
Zs fü r dt. Bildung 8, 417-27. (1934a): “Dt. Bedeutungsforschung”,
in: A. Goetze et al., eds., Germ.
Philol. Ergebnisse und Aufgaben. F S fü r O. Behaghel,
Heidelberg, 173-200. (1934b): “Das sprachliche Feld.
Eine Auseinandersetzung”, Neue Jbb. fü r Wiss. und Jugendbildung
10, 42S-49. (1938): “Über die Erforschung
des menschenkundlichen Wortschatzes”, in: Actes du
¡V* congrès intern, des linguistes, Kabenhavn, 9 2 -8 .
(1955): “Die Arbeit als Raum der Wortschöpfung”,
in: FS der Arbeitsgemeinschaft fü r Forschung des Landes
Nordrhein-Westfalen zu Ehren des Herrn Ministerpräsidenten
Karl Arnold, Köln/Opladen, 253-61.
(1966): “Alltagssprache”, in: G. Patzig et al., Die dt.
Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert, Göttingen, 110-33. (1967):
“Name und Technik”, Beiträge zur Namenforschung,
n.s. 2, 131-45. (1968a): Altes und Neues vom sprachlichen
Feld, Mannheim/Zürich. (1968b): “Unsicherheiten
im heutigen Dt.”, in: Sprachnorm, Sprachpflege,
Sprachkritik. Jb. 1966/67 des Inst, fü r dt. Sprache,
Düsseldorf, 11-27. (1972): “Feld, sprachliches”, in: J.
Ritter, ed., Hist. Wb. der Philos., Darmstadt, II, col.
929-33. (1973): Aufsätze und Beiträge zur Wortfeldtheorie
von J.T., A. van der Lee/O. Reichmann eds.,
The Hague/Paris. (1975): “Meine drei Ansätze zur
Wortforschung”, in: H. Beckers/H. Schwarz; eds., Gedenkschrift
für J.T., Köln/Wien, 1-12 (posthumously).
(1981): Wege der Etymol. Nach der hinterlassenen
Druckvorlage mit einem Nachwort hrsg. von H. Schwarz,
Berlin (with biblio).— For a complete biblio. see below,
esp. in: Beckers/Schwarz.
B e c k e r s, H. (1970): “J.T. zum Gedenken”, Hessische
Blätter fü r Volkskunde 61, 246-7. B e c k e r s ,
H./H. S c h w a r z , eds. (1975>: Gedenkschrift fü r J.T.,
Köln/Wien (with complete tfiblio by K. Franke,
369-84). F o e r s t e , W./K.H. B o r c k , eds. (1964): F S
fü r J.T. zum 70. Geburtstag, Köln/Graz (with biblio.
by D. Ader, 490-6). G e c k e l e r , H. (1971): Strukturelle
Semantik und Wortfeldlheorie, 2nd ed., München.
G i p p e r , H./H. S c h w a r z (1962-85): Bibliographisches
Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung, Teil I, vol. IV,
Köln/Opladen, esp. 3764-80 (with annotated biblio).
L u t z e ie r , P. (1981): Wort und Feld. Wortsemantische
Fragestellungen mit bes. Berücksichtigung des
Wortfeldbegriffs, Tübingen. M o s e r , H. (1971): “Dem
Gedächtnis J. Triers”, in: Sprache und Gesellschaft
[...]. Jb. 1970 (des Inst, für dt. Sprache), Düsseldorf,
323-7. S c h m id t , L ., ed. (1973): Wortfeldforschung.
Zur Gesch. und Theorie des sprachlichen Feldes, Darmstadt.
ScH ürzEicH E L , R. (1980): “J.T.”, Sprachw 5,
146-71. S c h w a r z , H. (1964): “Grundlage und Richtpunkte
der Genealogie sprachlicher Denkformen im
Werke J.T.’s. Eine Würdigung zum 70. Geburtstag”,
Forschungen und Fortschritte 38, 380-2. Id. (1971):
“J.T. zum Gedenken”, WW 21, 60-2. S o d m a n n , T. '
(1971): “J.T. zum Gedenken”, Niederdt. Wort 11, 87-8.
S t a c k m a n n , K. (1973): “J.T. 15. Dezember 1894-15.
September 1970”, Jb. der Akad. der Wiss. iri Göttingen
fü r das Geschäftsjahr ¡972, 106-69. W f js g e r b e r , J.L.
(1971): “Nachruf auf J.T.”, Mitteilungen der Rheinisch-
Westfälischen Akad. der Wiss., Köln/Opladen, 13-7.
W ie s e, B.v./K.H. B o r c k , eds. (1954): F S fü r J.T. zu
seinem 60. Geburtstag am 15. Dezember 1954, Meisenheim
am Glan (with biblio. by M. Giesbrecht, 512-8).
Ludwig M. Eichinger
Trissino, Glan Giorgio, b. July 8, 1478, Vicenza,
Italy, d. 1550, Rome; critic, poet and tragedian,
protagonist of the It. questione della lingua.