The Genus Stichopogon Loew (Diptera: Asilidae) in America North ...

The Genus Stichopogon Loew (Diptera: Asilidae) in America 

North of Mexico 

Author(s): Jeffrey K. Barnes 

Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 115(1):9-36. 

2013. 

Published By: Entomological Society of Washington 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.9 

URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.9 

BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the 

biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online 

platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, 

museums, institutions, and presses. 

Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content 

indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ 

terms_of_use. 

Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial 

use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the 

individual publisher as copyright holder. 

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit 

publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to 

critical research.

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 

115(1), 2013, pp. 9–36 

THE GENUS STICHOPOGON LOEW (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) IN 

AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 

JEFFREY K. BARNES 

Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 Agriculture Building, 

Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, U.S.A. (e-mail: jbarnes@uark.edu) 

Abstract.—The species of Stichopogon occurring in the United States and Canada 

are reviewed. A key to species, diagnoses, illustrations, and distribution maps are 

presented. Stichopogon californica, new species, is described from Monterey 

County, California. Lectotypes are designated for Stichopogon abdominalis Back, 

Stichopogon argenteus (Say) and Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken. Stichopogon 

pritchardi Bromley, 1951 is synonymized with Stichopogon colei Bromley, 1934 

(new synonymy). 

Key Words: 

Brachycera, new species, robber flies, Stichopogoninae, Stichopogonini 

DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.9 

Stichopogon is a genus of robber flies 

consisting of about 100 valid species. 

More than half of the species are Palearctic, 

and only three are Neotropical 

(Geller-Grimm 2008, Papavero 2009). 

Ten valid species are now recognized in 

the Nearctic Region. Barnes (2010) reviewed 

the Nearctic species with whitebanded 

abdomens. 

Lavigne and Londt (2003) compiled 

published records of the observed prey of 

12 identified Stichopogon species from 

around the world. Of some 191 observed 

prey, approximately 53% were Diptera. 

Osten Sacken (1878) noted that Stichopogon 

argenteus (Say) is not rare on seabeaches 

in the Atlantic states. Bromley 

(1934, 1946) noted that the widely distributed 

Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) 

occurs on bare, sandy or gravelly areas 

and feeds to a considerable extent on 

small flies and spiders. Efflatoun Bey 

(1937) found that all North African species 

occur on sandy river banks, sandy 

shores of lakes and seas, and similar situations. 

James (1938) found that bare 

areas in Colorado, such as exposed rock 

surfaces, windblown areas and streamsides, 

supported a limited robber fly 

fauna. Stichopogon trifasciatus and S. 

argenteus were characteristic of this 

fauna. Cuthbertson (1938) reported that 

flies of the Afrotropical species Stichopogon 

punctum Loew rest on sandy soil 

and fly up at small insect prey. Engel and 

Cuthbertson (1939) found Stichopogon 

inaequalis Loew and Stichopogon hermanni 

Bezzi (as Stichopogon maculipennis 

Engel and Cuthbertson) on sand 

at water’s edge. Adisoemarto (1967) 

added “pastures and bare fields (including 

unpaved roads) near streams” to the list of 

habitats that may harbor S. trifasciatus. 

Lavigne and Holland (1969) found that S. 

trifasciatus in Wyoming was found only 

near natural drainages, suggesting that 

this species needs a relatively moist 

habitat, perhaps for larval development.

10 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 

Adults captured mostly Diptera prey but 

also some Hemiptera and some other arthropods. 

Londt (1979) reported that his 

own experiences collecting at many localities 

in southern Africa added further 

support to the contention that Stichopogon 

species usually occur in moist, sandy 

locations, although some species were 

found in dry, sandy river beds or along the 

stony banks of mountain streams. He also 

pointed out that females of Stichopogon 

species are equipped with acanthophorites 

and can thus be expected to lay eggs 

in the soil. In their study of Stichopogon 

catulus Osten Sacken in Arizona, Weeks 

and Hespenheide (1985) found that foraging 

usually took place in the air. 

Feeding was most common in the morning, 

with adults capturing mostly Diptera 

but also some Hemiptera. Andrade (2011) 

recorded for the first time Collembola and 

Acariformes as prey of Asilidae. The 

predator was Stichopogon elegantulus 

(Wiedemann) inhabiting sandy, coastal 

areas of Portugal. 

MATERIAL AND METHODS 

During the course of this study, specimens 

were examined from the following 

collections: American Museum of Natural 

History, New York City (AMNH); 

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 

(ANSP); Natural History Museum, 

London (BMNH); Monte L. Bean 

Life Science Museum, Brigham Young 

University, Provo (BYU); California 

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco 

(CAS); Canadian National Collection 

of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 

Ottawa (CNC); California State Collection 

of Arthropods, Sacramento (CSCA); 

Department of Bioagricultural Sciences 

and Pest Management, Colorado State 

University, Fort Collins (CSUC); Cornell 

University Insect Collections, Ithaca, 

New York (CUIC); Eric Fisher’s collection 

of Asilidae, El Dorado Hills, California 

(EFCA); Essig Museum of Entomology, 

University of California, 

Berkeley (EMEC); Utah State University 

Insect Collection, Logan (EMUS); University 

of Wyoming Insect Museum, 

Laramie (ESUW); Field Museum of 

Natural History, Chicago (FMNH); 

Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 

Gainesville (FSCA); Illinois Natural 

History Survey, Champaign (INHS); 

Kansas State University Museum of Entomological 

and Prairie Arthropod Research, 

Manhattan (KSUC); Los Angeles 

County Museum of Natural History, Los 

Angeles (LACM); Louisiana State Arthropod 

Museum, Louisiana State University, 

Baton Rouge (LSAM); Museum 

of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 

University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 

(MCZ); Mississippi Entomological Museum, 

Mississippi State (MEM); Montana 

Entomology Collection, Bozeman 

(MTEC); North Carolina State University 

Insect Museum, Raleigh (NCSU); Naturhistorisches 

Museum Wien, Austria 

(NMW); Oregon State Arthropod Collection, 

Corvallis (OSAC); K. C. Emerson 

Entomology Museum, Oklahoma State 

University, Stillwater (OSEC); Charles 

A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, The 

Ohio State University, Columbus (OSU); 

Peabody Museum of Natural History, 

Yale University, New Haven Connecticut 

(PMNH); San Diego Natural History 

Museum, California (SDMC); Snow 

Entomological Museum, University of 

Kansas, Lawrence (SEMC); Texas A&M 

University Insect Collection, College 

Station (TAMU); Torsten Dikow’s collection 

of Asilidae, Chicago, Illinois 

(TDCA); University of Arkansas Arthropod 

Museum, Fayetteville (UAAM); University 

of Arizona Insect Collection, Tucson 

(UAIC); R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology, 

University of California, Davis 

(UCDC); Entomology Research Museum,

VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 11 

University of California, Riverside (UCR); 

University of Michigan Museum of 

Zoology, Ann Arbor (UMMZ); University 

of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln 

(UNSM); National Museum of Natural 

History, Washington, D.C. (USNM); 

and William F. Barr Entomological 

Museum, University of Idaho, Moscow 

(WFBM). 

Genitalia were macerated in sodium 

hydroxide using standard techniques as 

described in Steyskal et al. (1986). They 

are stored in glycerol in microvials attached 

to the pins holding the source 

flies. 

Terminology largely follows that found 

in the Manual of Nearctic Diptera 

(McAlpine 1981). Body length refers to 

the distance from the front of the face to 

the tip of the abdomen and excludes the 

length of the antennae. Wing length is 

measured from the anterior end of the 

tegula to the apex of the wing. Antennomere:scape 

ratios were calculated by 

dividing the length of each antennomere 

by the length of the first antennomere 

(scape). The numbers are listed in order 

from the basal antennomere to the apical 

antennomere. For example, the ratio 

1.0:1.5:4.1:2.8 indicates that the pedicel 

is 1.5 times the length of the scape, and 

the flagellum is 4.1 times the length of the 

scape, and the style is 2.8 times the length 

of the scape. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Stichopogon Loew 

(Figs. 1–19) 

Dasypogon (Stichopogon) Loew 1847: 499. 

Type species: Dasypogon elegantulus 

Wiedemann in Meigen 1820: 270, by 

subsequent designation of Back 1909: 332. 

Stichopogon: Schiner 1862: 128. 

Neopogon Bezzi 1910: 147. Type species: 

Dasypogon trifasciatus Say 1823: 51, by 

original designation. 

Diagnosis.—Small species with dark 

colored cuticle, often variably covered 

with pale tomentum. Abdomens often 

banded. Strong bristles absent from 

frons, ocellar tubercle, and most of 

mesonotum. Mystax a tightly packed 

row of setae confined to lower margin of 

face, shielding proboscis. Frons greatly 

expanded toward vertex. Flagellum tapered 

distally; style shorter than flagellum. 

Posterior margin of compound 

eye distinctly sinuate on ventral half; 

anterior ommatidia greatly enlarged. 

One notopleural bristle present on each 

side. Prosternum and proepisternum 

fused. Postmetacoxal area membranous. 

Epandrium hoodlike, covering 

male genitalia, narrowly connected 

to hypandrium; subepandrial sclerite 

with short, stout macrosetae on distal 

margin. 

Discussion.—The epandrial character 

is an autapomorphy of the clade that 

forms most of the Stichopogoninae, except 

for Lasiopogon, and the subepandrial 

character is an autapomorhpy 

of the clade containing only Stichopogon 

and Lissoteles (Cannings 2002). 

Stichopogon differs from Lissoteles in 

that it lacks facial bristles other than the 

mystax, and the antennal style is shorter 

than the broad and elongate flagellum. 

In the small genus Lissoteles the flagellum 

is short and oval, and the style is 

about equal in length to the remainder 

of the antenna (Martin 1961). Lissoteles 

is a genus of strictly littoral flies with 

nine species inhabiting the American 

Pacific coast from northern Mexico to 

Peru and two species inhabiting the 

Caribbean coast from Costa Rica to 

Venezuela. Western Hemisphere Stichopogon 

species are often associated 

with sandy soils, and some species, including 

two dealt with in the present 

work, may be strictly littoral (Fisher 

2009).

12 


Figs. 1–3. Stichopogon abdominalis. 1, Abdominal tergites, male, Florida, Highlands County; 2, 

Epandrium and subepandrial sclerite, ventral view, Florida, Citrus County; 3, United States distribution 

by county. 

Key to Species of Stichopogon 

Loew From America 

North of Mexico 

1. Abdomen distinctly banded, white tomentose 

abdominal tergite 4 usually contrasting 

sharply with dark abdominal tergites 2–3 

and5–6or5–7...................2 

- Abdomen more or less concolorous, abdominal 

tergite 4 not appreciably different 

from others, but sometimes with white tomentose 

anterolateral corners most pronounced 

on tergites 4–5 . . ..........4 

2. Ocellar triangle and scutellum lacking welldeveloped 

setae; tergites 2–3 and 5–6 mostly 

opaque dark brown or black. Widely distributed 

. . . . Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) 

- Ocellar triangle and scutellum with welldeveloped 

setae; tergites 2–3 and 5–6 all 

or mostly either opaque or shining dark 

brown or black. Coastal southern California 

........................ 3 

3. Frons and vertex with distinct silver pruinescence; 

cell m 3 usually at least short 

petiolate; abdominal tergites 2–3 and 5–6 

mostly opaque black or dark brown; tergite 7


Figs. 4–6. Stichopogon arenicola. 4, Abdominal tergites, male, Arizona, Gila County; 5, Epandrium 

and subepandrial sclerite, ventral view, Arizona, Gila County; 6, United States distribution by county. 

usually white tomentose, sometimes opaque 

black. California: Los Angeles, Orange and 

SanDiegocounties.................. 

.........Stichopogon coquillettii (Bezzi) 

- Frons and vertex with only sparse, white 

pruinescence; cell m 3 usually not petiolate; 

abdominal tergites 2–3 and 5–7 mostly 

polished black. California: Santa Barbara, 

Ventura and Los Angeles counties . . . .... 

.........Stichopogon venturiensis Barnes 

4. Ocellar triangle and scutellum usually lacking 

well-developed setae; cell m 3 petiolate; 

tibiae usually reddish or yellowish, at least at 

base; abdominal tergites reddish brown in 

groundcolor..................... 5 

- Ocellar triangle and scutellum with welldeveloped 

setae; cell m 3 petiolate or 

not; tibiae concolorous; abdominal tergites 

usually dark brown to black in ground 

color ..........................6 

5. Abdominal tergites 2–5 or 2–6 bearing narrow, 

even anterior and lateral bands of 

white tomentum (Fig. 1); female tergite 

8 usually polished. Throughout Florida 

(Fig.3)........................ . 

........Stichopogon abdominalis Back 

- Abdominal tergites 2–5 or 2–6 bearing 

wide, uneven anterior and lateral bands of 

white tomentum widest at anterolateral 

margins (Fig. 15); female tergite 8 usually

14 


Figs. 7–8. Stichopogon argenteus. 7, Abdominal tergites, male, New Jersey, Ocean County; 8, 

United States distribution by county. 

opaque. Nebraska and Wyoming south to 

Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas and New 

Mexico (Fig. 17) . ................. . 

..............Stichopogon colei Bromley 

6. Cell m 3 usually petiolate; female sternite 8 

with dense tufts of apical setae . ......7 

- Cell m 3 usually not petiolate; female sternite 

8 with or without dense tufts of apical 

setae . . .........................9 

7. Body mostly gray tomentose, with mostly 

pale setae . . .....................8 

- Entire body sparsely golden tomentose, 

usually with several black scutal setae. 

Arizona and New Mexico (Fig. 6) ....... 

......... Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox 

8. Body densely gray tomentose. Knob of 

halter nearly white. Hind femur tomentose 

ventrally. Widespread but spotty, in sandy 

areas east of the Rocky Mountains, June– 

October (Fig. 8) . . . . ............... 

.......... Stichopogon argenteus (Say) 

- Body sparsely gray tomentose. Knob of 

halter golden brown. Hind femur with polished 

bare patch ventrally (Fig. 9). Monterey 

County,California,April(Fig.12)....... 

......... Stichopogon californica Barnes 

9. Body dark brown to black in ground color, 

with thin and scattered gray tomentum; 

usually with some occipital and scutal setae 

black; with white tomentose anterolateral 

corners most pronounced on tergites


Figs. 9–12. Stichopogon californica. 9, Hind femur, lateral view, California, Monterey County; 10, 

Wing, California, Monterey County; 11, Abdominal tergites, male, California, Monterey County; 12, 

United States distribution by county.

16 


Figs. 13–14. Stichopogon catulus. 13, Abdominal tergites, male, New Mexico, Catron County; 14, 

United States distribution by county. 

4–5 (Fig. 13); female sternite 8 without dense 

tufts of apical setae. Texas, New Mexico and 

ArizonasouthtoSinaloa(Fig.14)....... 

....... Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken 

- Body yellowish brown to brown in ground 

color, densely covered with gray or 

brownish gray tomentum; head and thorax 

often darker than, and contrasting with, 

light yellowish brown legs and abdomen; all 

setae pale; with all abdominal tergites similar 

in appearance (Fig. 18); female sternite 

8 with dense tufts of apical setae. Idaho and 

Oregon south to Chihuahua and Baja California 

Sur (Fig. 19) . . . . . ......... .. 

.............Stichopogon fragilis Back 

Stichopogon abdominalis Back 

(Figs. 1–3) 

Stichopogon abdominalis Back 1909: 332 

Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding 

antennae, 7.0–8.6 mm long (mean = 7.7 

mm, n = 14); female 7.5–10.4 mm long 

(mean = 9.2 mm, n = 19). Ocellar tubercle 

lacking well developed setae. 

Average antennomere:scape ratios 

1.0:1.5:4.1:2.8. Scutellum with dense 

grayish white tomentum, lacking well 

developed discal and marginal setae.


Figs. 15–17. Stichopogon colei. 15, Abdominal tergites, male, Texas, Bastrop County; 16, Epandrium 

and subepandrial sclerite, ventral view, Texas, Bastrop County; 17, United States distribution by 

county. 

Wing 4.4–5.4 mm long in male (mean = 

5.0 mm, n = 14); 5.3–6.6 mm long in 

female (mean = 6.0 mm, n = 14). Cell m 3 

usually at least short petiolate at base. 

Abdominal tergites mostly opaque reddish 

brown, with anterior and lateral 

margins of tergites 2–5 or 2–6 bearing 

narrow, even bands of white tomentum 

(Fig. 1). Female tergite 8 usually polished. 

Female sternite 8 lacking dense 

tufts of apical setae. Epandrium white 

tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite with 

distal row of 9–10 short, stout spines on 

each side of midline ventrally (Fig. 2). 

Discussion.—Stichopogon abdominalis 

is known only from Florida (Fig. 

3). It is similar in appearance to the 

midwestern S. colei. Adults have been 

collected from April through August. 

Type material examined.—Two males 

and one female in the AMNH collection 

are labeled [Gotha\Fla.\III.96] 

[W. M. Wheeler,\Collection.] [Am. Mus. 

Nat. Hist.\Dept. Invert. Zool.\No. 563]

18 


Figs. 18–19. Stichopogon fragilis. 18, Abdominal tergites, male, Idaho, Gooding County; 19, United 

States distribution by county. 

[COTYPE\abdominalis\E. A. Back]. 

One male is hereby designated lectotype 

for clarification and to ensure 

stabilization in nomenclature. I have 

labeled it [LECTOTYYPE MALE\ 

Diptera: Asilidae\Stichopogon abdominalis 

Back\designated by J. K. Barnes]. 

I have labeled the other two specimens 

[PARALECTOTYPE\Diptera: Asilidae\ 

Stichopogon abdominalis Back\designated 

by J. K. Barnes]. The lectotype is 7.5 mm 

long and has wings 4.9 mm long. The 

flagellum is missing and therefore antennomere:scape 

ratios cannot be determined. 

Other material examined.—UNITED 

STATES: FLORIDA: Alachua County, 

28-IV-1923, ♂ (UMMZ); 6-V-1955, ♂, 

♀ (FSCA); 13-V-1955, ♀ (FSCA); 

10-VIII-1955, ♂, ♀ (FSCA); Archer, 

6-V-1959, 2 ♂,2♀ (FSCA); Archer, 22- 

IV-1961, ♀ (FSCA); 3/4 mi. W Archer, 

turkey oak, sandhill, 4-VI-1969, 2 ♂, 

♀ (EFCA); 4-VII-1955, 3 ♂, 8 ♀ 

(FSCA); Gainesville, 10-VII-1923, ♂ 

(UMMZ); Gainesville, 10-VII-1923, 

♀ (UMMZ); Gainesville, 6-VIII-1925, 

♀ (UMMZ); Newberry, 7-VIII-1959, ♀ 

(FSCA). Bay County, St. Andrews State


Park, 30-VIII-1960, ♀ (UCDC); US 

98 at Old Ferry Road, 1-VII-2000, ♀ 

(CSUC). Citrus County, 29-VII-1959, 

2 ♂, ♀ (FSCA); Red Level, 6-VII-1948, 

5 ♂, 4♀ (FSCA, SEMC). Clay County, 

Camp Crystal, 20-V-1961, ♀, (FSCA); 

Crystal Lake, 1-VIII-1969, ♀ (FSCA); 

Gold Head Branch State Park, 19-V- 

1963, ♀ (FSCA). Columbia County, 

4-V-1973, ♀ (FMNH). Dixie County, 

at Hwy 361 jct. SW 348 Ave., 9-VII- 

2005, 4 ♂, 2♀ (CSUC); Rd. 361, 2 mi. 

S Sina Sand Pit, 30-VI-2007, ♂ (CSUC). 

Hernando County, Brooksville, 17-VII- 

1938, ♂, 2♀ (EMEC, USNM). Highlands 

County, near airport, fossil sand 

dunes, 30-IV–1-V-1983, ♀ (FSCA); 

Archbold Biological Station, insect flight 

trap, 23-V-1978, ♀ (FSCA); Highlands 

Hammock State Park, 8-VII-2005, 6 ♂, 

3 ♀ (CSUC); Sebring, 5-VII-1974, 2 ♂, 

♀ (FSCA); Sebring, near Hendricks 

Field, fossil sand dunes, 5-VII-1976, ♀ 

(FSCA). Lake County, Lake Ola, 5-V- 

1932, ♂ (FSCA). Miami-Dade County, 

Miami, 9-VIII-1934, ♀ (CSUC). Okaloosa 

County, Destin, 17-V-1969, 4 ♂,15 

♀ (EFCA, FSCA); Destin, beach and 

dunes, 14–15-V-1948, ♂, 3 ♀ (FSCA, 

MCZ); 4 mi. E Destin, 15-IV-1962, ♂ 

(FSCA); Elgin Airforce Base, 25-IV- 

1965, ♀ (FSCA). Orange County, Gotha, 

III-1896, 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 sex unknown 

(FSCA, USNM); Orlando, 23-IV-2009, 

♀ (MCZ). Pasco County, Hudson, 13- 

VII-1939, 2 ♂, 2♀ (SEMC, USNM); 

Lacoochee, 7-VII-1948, ♂ (SEMC). 

Pinellas County, 2.4 mi E Tarpon Springs, 

17-VIII-1938, ♂ (UMMZ). Polk County, 

29-VI-2007, ♀ (CSUC); Allen David 

Broussard Catfish Creek Preserve State 

Park, 3 mi. S Firetower Road, off SR 542, 

27-IV-2008, 2 ♂ (CSUC); Allen David 

Broussard Catfish Creek Preserve State 

Park, 3 mi. S Firetower Road, off SR 

542, 5-VIII-2007, ♀ (CSUC). Suwannee 

County, 28-VII-1954, ♀ (FSCA); Banford, 

31-VII-1930, ♀ (SEMC); Branford, 4-VIII- 

1939, 3 ♂, ♀ (USNM); Suwannee Springs, 

29-VII-1930, ♀ (SEMC); Suwannee 

Springs, 2–3-VIII-1939, 2 ♂,2♀ (USNM). 

Walton County, Mossy Head, 20-VII-1938, 

♀ (USNM). 

Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox 

(Figs. 4–6) 

Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox 1936: 207 

Diagnosis.—Entire body sparsely 

golden tomentose, usually with several 

black scutal setae. Male body, excluding 




with several long, pale, hairlike 

setae, about as long as, or longer than, 

distance between ocelli. Antennomere: 

scape ratios 1.0:1.2:3.9:2.0. Scutellum 

with dense, gray tomentum, lacking 

discal setae, with several long, pale 

marginal setae at least as long as length 

of scutellum. Wing 4.6–6.8 mm long in 

male (mean = 5.1 mm, n = 13); 5.1–6.8 

mm long in female (mean = 5.7 mm, n = 

22). Cell m 3 usually long petiolate at 

base. Abdominal tergites dark brown in 

ground color, with gray tomentum especially 

at anterolateral angles (Fig. 4). 

Female tergite 8 opaque, with dense tufts 

of apical setae. Epandrium gray tomentose. 

Subepandrial sclerite with distal 

row of 3 short, stout spines on each side 

of midline ventrally (Fig. 5). 

Discussion.—Stichopogon arenicola 

is known only from southeastern Arizona 

and southwestern New Mexico 

(Fig. 6). Adults have been collected from 

early April to early June. 

Stichopogon catulus specimens in some 

collections have been misidentified as S. 

arenicola, apparently due to a strict interpretation 

of Wilcox’s (1936) key, which 

stipulates that S. catulus has black occipital 

bristles. In fact, the occipital bristles

20 


range from black to white. Stichopogon 

arenicola can be readily recognized by the 

yellow-gray pollinosity of the scutum and 

abdomen, the long petiole on cell m 3 ,and 

the position of crossvein r-m at about one 

third of the distance from the base to the 

apex of the discal cell. In S. catulus, the 

scutum and abdomen are gray pollinose, 

and abdominal segments 4 and 5 have 

especially wide bands of pollinosity. Cell 

m 3 is sometimes short petiolate but often 

not petiolate at all, and crossvein r-m is 

located at about one quarter of the distance 

from the base to the apex of the 

discal cell. 

Type material examined.—The holotype 

male is in the CAS collection, and it 

is labeled [Gila Riv. Valley\San Carlos, 

Ariz\D. K. Duncan] [Mar\DKDuncan] 

[HOLOTYPE\ Stichopogon\arenicola 

\Wilcox] [California Academy\of Sciences\Type 

No. 6525]. It measures 6.8 

mm long, and the wings are 5.3 mm 

long. The antennomere:scape ratios are 

1.0:1.3:3.8:2.3. 

Six females in the CAS collection, 

two males and two females in the WSU 

collection, one male in the UAIC collection, 

one male and one female in the 

UCR collection, two males and two females 

in the AMNH collection, one male 

and one female in the CSUC collection, 

one female in the EFCA collection, and 

one male and one female in the USNM 

collection are labeled [Gila Riv. Valley\ 

San Carlos, Ariz\D. K. Duncan] [Mar\ 

DKDuncan] [PARATYPE\ Stichopogon\ 

arenicola\Wilcox]. A female in the MCZ 

collection bears the same data plus the 

label [M. C. Z.\Paratype\23255], a male 

in the CAS collection bears the same 

data plus the labels [No. 68] [Males] 

[Stichopogon\arenicola\Wilcx\det. J. Wilcox 

1935], and a female in the CAS collection 

bears the same date plus the labels [No. 

68] [Females]. 


STATES: ARIZONA: Cochise County, 

San Pedro, 4100’, 3-VI-1999, ♂, 2♀ 

(BYU). Gila County, San Carlos, 3-IV- 

1938, 3 ♂, ♀ (UAIC, USNM); San 

Carlos, Gila River Valley, 2 ♂, 5 ♀ 

(EFCA, MCZ, USNM). 

NEW MEXICO: Grant County, Gila 

National Forest, on sand by river, 25-V- 

2008, 1 ♂, 1♀ (UAAM). 

Stichopogon argenteus (Say) 

(Figs. 7–8) 

Dasypogon argenteus Say 1823: 51 

Stichopogon argenteus: Schiner 1866: 680 

Diagnosis.—Entire body densely gray 

tomentose, with mostly pale setae. Male 

body, excluding antennae, 4.8–7.3 mm 

long (mean = 5.9 mm, n = 18); female 

5.1–10 mm long (mean = 7.7 mm, n = 

19). Ocellar tubercle with long, fine, 

pale, hairlike, posterior setae, about 

as long as, or longer than, distance 

between ocelli. Average antennomere: 


with dense, gray tomentum, lacking 

discal setae, with several relatively pale, 

hairlike marginal setae at least as long as 

length of scutellum. Wing 3.1–5.4 mm 

long in male (mean = 4.4 mm, n = 18); 

4.3–6.6 mm long in female (mean = 5.5 

mm, n = 19). Cell m 3 at least short petiolate 

at base. Abdominal tergites entirely 

or mostly white or gray tomentose 

(Fig. 7). Female tergite 8 opaque. Female 

sternite 8 with dense tufts of apical 

setae. Epandrium white tomentose. 

Subepandrial sclerite with distal row of 

2–4 short, stout spines on each side of 

midline ventrally. 

Discussion.—The distribution of S. 

argenteus is spotty. Existing records 

show that it occurs in widely separated 

sandy habitats from Massachusetts and 

Delaware west to Manitoba and Colo-


rado (Fig. 8). Adults have been collected 

from late April to early October. 

Osten Sacken (1878) noted that S. 

argenteus is fairly common on seashores 

in the Atlantic states. James (1938) 

found that S. argenteus and S. trifasciatus 

were characteristic of the limited 

robber fly fauna of bare areas in Colorado, 

such as exposed rock, windblown 

areas and streamsides. Rogers and Lavigne 

(1972) found this species to be rare in the 

Pawnee National Grassland of northeastern 

Colorado. Individuals were observed to 

rest on sand, making short flights of 10–20 

centimeters at a height of 5–10 cm above 

ground. 

Type material examined.—Say (1823) 

described this species from specimens 

collected in Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

A female specimen in the NMW collection 

is labeled [Pennsylv.] [argenteus Say\ 

Pennsylvania] [Stichopogon\trifasciatus\ 

Coll. Winthem] [Stichopogon\argenteus 

Say]. Lacking evidence to the contrary, I 

assume that this a syntype specimen that 

Say sent to Wiedemann, and I hereby 

designate it as lectotype for clarification 

and to ensure stabilization in nomenclature. 

I have labeled it [Lectotype Female 

\Diptera: Asilidae\Stichopogon argenteus 

(Say)\designated by J. K. Barnes]. It is 

10.5 mm long and has wings 7.8 mm 

long. The antennomere:scape ratios are 

1.0:1.5:5.3:3.5. 


STATES: COLORADO: Alamosa County, 

7-VIII-37, ♀ (KSUC); Great Sand Dunes 

Nation Monument, 80009, grass island in 

dunes, ♂, ♀ (ESUW). 

CONNECTICUT: New Haven County, 

Town of Guilford, Grass Island, from 

Neck Rd., 41°15’56”N 072°39’31”W, 

2m,9-IX-2006,2♂, 6♀ (TDCA). 

DELAWARE: Sussex County, Rehoboth, 

2-VIII-1941, ♀, 1 sex unknown (USNM); 

Rehoboth Beach, 28-VIII-1976, 6 ♂,6♀ 

(EFCA, WFBM). 

ILLINOIS: Lake County, Illinois 

Beach State Park, 30-VII-2002, 2 ♀ 

(INHS); Lake Forest, 6 ♀, ♂ (CUIC, 

EFCA, USNM). 

KANSAS: Meade County, 14-VIII- 

1945, ♀ (SEMC). Reno County, Medora, 

sand dunes, 22-IX, 2 ♂ (USNM). 

MASSACHUSETTS: Bristol County, 

Horse Neck Beach, 9-VIII-1896, ♂, 1 

sex unknown (FMNH); 12-VIII-1896, ♀ 

(FMNH). 

MICHIGAN: Allegan County, Laketown 

Township, 25-VI-1981, 2 ♀ 

(UMMZ). Berrien County, E. K. Warren 

Preserve, Sawyer Dunes, 3-VII-1919, ♀ 

(UMMZ); 11-VII-1920, 5 ♀ (UMMZ); 

New Buffalo, 5-VII-1920, ♂ (UMMZ); 

Warren Dunes, 12-VII-1982, 2 ♂ 

(UMMZ); Warren Dunes State Park, 

30-VII-1960, 7 ♂,3♀ (UCDC). Emmet 

County, Sturgeson Bay, 9-VII-1955, ♀ 

(EMUS). Oakland County, 17-VI-1916, 

♀ (UMMZ). Oceana County, Pentwater, 

14–19-VII-1935, 6 ♂, 3 ♀ (FMNH, 

USNM); Silver Lake State Park, 27-VII- 

1934, 2 ♂ (UMMZ). 

NEBRASKA: Madison County, 

Meadow Grove, 18-VII-1929, ♀ (USNM). 

NEW JERSEY: Cape May County, 

Avalon, 12-VIII, ♂, ♀ (MCZ); 21-IX, 

sex unknown (MCZ); 29-VII-1894, 2 ♂, 

2 ♀ (MCZ); 26-VII-1923, ♂, ♀ (CUIC); 

Cape May, 29-VII-1894, sex unknown 

(USNM); Corson’s Inlet, 29-VII-1894, 

♂ (USNM); Corson’s Inlet, 2-VIII-1896, 

♀ (USNM); Ocean City, 10-IX-1905, ♀ 

(KSUC); Wildwood, 29-VII-1894, ♀, 3 

sex unknown (FMNH, SEMC). Ocean 

County, Island Beach State Park, 

coastal dunes, 28-VIII-1976, 4 ♂, ♀ 

(EMEC); Seaside Park, 19-IX-1926, ♂ 

(CUIC). 

NEW YORK: Nassau County, Bayville, 

6-IX, ♂, 3♀ (MCZ); Jones Beach State 

Park, 30-VII-1974, ♂ (CUIC); Long 

Beach, ♂ (MCZ); Long Beach, 23- 

VII-1911, ♀ (MCZ); Sands Point, Long

22 


Island, ♀ (MCZ). Suffolk County, Fire 

Island Beach, 17-28-VIII-1918, ♂ (MCZ); 

29-VIII-1935, ♂, ♀ (UCR); 22-IX-1935, 

♂, ♀ (CUIC); 26-VIII-1938, ♂ (CUIC); 

Gardiner’s Island, 26-VIII-1938, ♀ 

(CUIC); Oak Beach, 23-VIII-1934, 5 ♂,11 

♀ (CUIC); 5-IX-1934, 21 ♂, 9♀ (CSUC, 

CUIC, TAMU, USNM); 15-IX-1934, 36 

♂,22♀ (CUIC, TAMU, USNM, WFBM); 

25-VIII-1935, 49 ♂, 25♀ (CUIC); 25-29- 

VIII-1935, 6 ♂, 6 ♀ (EFCA); 29-VIII- 

1935, 4 ♂,5♀ (CSUC, UCR); Water Mill, 

18-VIII-1946, 4 ♀ (SEMC). 

OHIO: Erie County, Kelleys Island, 

25-30-VIII-1949, ♂,13♀ (OSU, USNM). 

PENNSYLVANIA: Erie County, Presque 

Isle, sand dunes, 21-VII-1953, ♂ (CNC). 

TEXAS: Hutchinson County, Borger, 

8-X-1933, ♀ (TAMU). 

CANADA: MANITOBA: Bald Head 

Hills, 13 mi. N Glenboro, 24-VI-1958, 

♂ (CNC); Onah, 9-VIII-1920, 2 ♂ 

(SEMC); 19-VIII-1920, 11 ♀ (CNC, 

EMEC, EMUS, USNM); 6-VIII-1928, 

♂, ♀ (FMNH); ONTARIO: Brighton, 

Malaise trap, 3-VIII-1956, ♂ (CNC); 

Grand Bend, 4-5-VII-1939, 3 ♂, 4 ♀ 

(CNC); Long Point, 14-VII-1949, ♀ 

(EFCA); Outlet Beach, 18-VII-1965, 2 

♀ (CNC); Presqu9ile, 22-VIII-1959, sex 

unknown (CNC); Sandbanks Provincial 

Park, 8-VIII-1965, ♀ (CNC); 18-VII- 

1965, ♀ (CNC); VIII.1968, 2 ♂ (CNC); 

13-VIII-1968, ♂, 3 ♀ (CNC); 7-VII- 

1970, 3 ♂, 3♀ (CNC); ♂ (CUIC). 

Stichopogon californica Barnes, 

new species 

(Figs. 9–12) 

Description.—Male body, excluding 



(mean = 7.1 mm, n = 5); black in ground 

color, sparsely tomentose. 

Head width 1.8X eye height. Face 

white tomentose. Mystax consisting of 

dense row of long, white setae on extreme 

lower margin of face; upper face 

with few scattered setae. Frons thinly 

white tomentose, with scattered thin, 

hairlike setae. Vertex sparsely white tomentose. 

Ocellar triangle low, not tuberculate, 

with several long, thin, pale, 

hairlike setae about as long as distance 

between lateral ocelli. Postocular setae 

thin, white. Postgena and stipes with 

dense vestiture of long, thin, white, 

hairlike setae. Proboscis black, more or 

less cylindrical, about 2.4X as long as 

deep; deepest near base, tapered to 

rounded apex. Palpi short, black, bearing 

few short, pale, hairlike setae. Average 

antennal length 0.35X head width; antenna 

black, with sparse white tomentum; 

scape and pedicel with several pale 

setae ventrally; average antennomere: 

scape ratios 1.0:1.4:4.5:2.7. 

Thorax with cervical sclerites white 

tomentose, lacking long setae. Antepronotum 

white tomentose, with row of 

long, slender, white setae along anterior 

margin; postprontoum white tomentose, 

covered with long, slender, white setae; 

postpronotal lobe thinly white tomentose, 

covered with thin, pale, reclinate, 

hairlike setae. Proepisternum fused to 

prosternum, densely white tomentose, 

covered with long, thin, pale, hairlike 

setae. Prosternum densely white tomentose, 

lacking setae. Scutum black in 

ground color, sparsely white tomentose, 

covered with short, pale setae, with 1 

strong, pale notopleural seta, 1 strong, 

pale supra-alar seta, and 1 strong, pale 

postalar seta on white tomentose postalar 

callus. Scutellum flat, white tomentose, 

with few white discal setae and 

many relatively strong, pale marginal setae 

at least as long as length of scutellum. 

Mediotergite, anatergite, and katatergite 

white tomentose; anatergite lacking setae; 

katatergite with fan of 10–14 long, slender, 

white setae. Mesopleural sclerites white


tomentose. Posterior portion of anepisternum 

covered with long, pale, reclinate 

hairlike setae. Anterior basalare, posterior 

basalare, and basal swelling of pleural 

wing process densely white tomentose. 

Metepisternum and metepimeron white 

tomentose. 

Legs black in ground color, sparsely 

covered with white tomentum except for 

bare ventral patch on hind femur (Fig. 9), 

with many short, thin, pale setae. Coxae 

with several long, slender, white setae; 

hind coxa with well-developed anterior 

spur. All trochanters mostly polished 

black; hind trochanter with median pale 

setae. Forefemur with 1–2 stout, pale, 

preapical, anterodorsal bristles and several 

long, thin, hairlike, pale, ventral 

setae. Midfemur with 2–3 stout, pale, 

anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2–3 

stout, pale posterodorsal bristles on apical 

third, and several long, thin, pale, 

ventral seta. Hind femur with 1–2 stout, 

pale, preapical, dorsal setae, anterodorsal 

row of about 7–8 stout, pale setae, and 

several long, thin, ventral setae. Foretibia 

with circlet of stout, pale preapical setae, 

posterodorsal row of 5–6 long, pale setae, 

and posteroventral row of 5–6 long, pale 

setae. Midtibia with circlet of stout, pale 

preapical setae, anterodorsal and anteroventral 

rows of 2–3 long, pale setae and 

with posterodorsal and posterovental 

rows of 4–5 long, pale setae. Hind tibia 

with 2–3 stout, pale preapical setae, anteroventral 

row of 2–3 stout, pale setae on 

apical half, and posterodorsal row of 3–5 

stout, pale setae. Fore- and midtarsi about 

equal in length to fore- and midtibiae; 

hind tarsus shorter than hind tibia; tarsomeres 

1–4 decreasing in length consecutively; 

tarsomere 5 about equal in length 

to tarsomere 1; tarsal bristles strong, pale. 

Claws brown at base, black at apex; pulvilli 

light brown. 

Wing 3.9–5.1 mm long in male (mean = 

4.4 mm, n = 7); 4.4–6.3 mm long in female 

(mean = 5.2 mm, n = 5). Membrane 

hyaline. Cell m 3 distinctly petiolate at base 

(Fig. 10). Halter golden brown. 

Abdominal tergites black in ground 

color. Tergites 1 and 8 mostly sparsely 

white tomentose. Abdominal tergites 

2–7 with white tomentose anterolateral 

corners most pronounced on tergites 4–5 

(Fig. 11). Subepandrial sclerite with distal 

row of 3–4 short, stout spines on each 

side of midline ventrally. Female sternite 

8 with dense tufts of apical setae on each 

side. 

Discussion.—This species is known 

only from the vicinity of the Salinas River 

in coastal Monterey County, California 

(Fig.12).ItissimilartoS. argenteus but 

differs from it by its sparser tomentum, 

darker halteres, and bare ventral patch on 

the hind femur. Adults fly in spring rather 

than summer. 

Etymology.—The species epithet, 

californica, is taken from the name of 

the state where all specimens have been 

collected. 

Type material.—Holotype: The holotype 

male is depostited in the INHS collection. 

It is labeled [CA, Monterrey (sic) 

Co.\King City along E.\side Salinas River\ 

17 April 1990\DW Webb\ME Irwin] 

[HOLOTYPE\DIPTERA: ASILIDAE\ 

Stichopogon californica\Barnes]. It measures 

6.3 mm long, and the wings are 4.4 

mm long. The antennomere:scape ratios 

are 1.0:1.7:5.0:3.0. 

Paratypes: UNITED STATES: 

CALIFORNIA: Monterey County, Salinas 

River near Gonzalas, 25-IV-1976, 3 ♂,3♀ 

(EFCA); King City, along east side Salinas 

River, 17-IV-1990, 4 ♂, 2♀ (INHS). 

Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken 

(Figs. 13–14) 

Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken 1887: 170 

Diagnosis.—Body dark brown in 

ground color, with thin and scattered

24 


gray tomentum; usually with some occipital 

and scutal setae black Male body, 

excluding antennae, 4.1–6.5 mm long 

(mean = 5.5 mm, n = 26); female 5.1–8.7 

mm long (mean = 6.8 mm, n = 22). Ocellar 

tubercle with long pale, hairlike setae, 

about as long as, or longer than, distance 

between ocelli. Average antennomere: 

scape ratios 1.0:1.3:3.6:1.7. Scutellum with 

dense, gray tomentum, lacking discal 

setae, with many relatively strong, pale, 

hairlike marginal setae at least as long 

as length of scutellum. Wing 3.4–5.1 mm 



mm, n = 22). Cell m 3 usually not petiolate 

at base. Abdominal tergites 1–7 dark 

brown, polished, with white tomentose 

anterolateral corners most pronounced 

on tergites 4–5 (Fig. 13). Female tergite 

8 opaque. Female sternite 8 lacking 

dense tufts of apical setae. Epandrium 

white tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite 

with distal row of 2–3 short, stout spines 

on each side of midline ventrally. 

Discussion.—Stichopogon catulus 

occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, southwestern 

Texas and northwestern Mexico 

(Fig. 14). Adults have been collected 

from early April to early August (early 

February in Sinaloa, Mexico). 

Weeks and Hespenheide (1985) studied 

the predatory and mating behavior of 

S. catulus in Arizona. Feeding behavior 

was most commonly observed in the 

morning, and copulation was most frequently 

observed in the afternoon. Adults 

were most commonly found away from 

a stream in the study site during early and 

late hours of the day; they moved to rocks 

in the stream during midday. No courtship 

behavior was observed. Copulations 

lasted as long as 16 minutes, and interruptions 

were often attempted by another 

male. Foraging jaunts usually took place 

in the air, but the flies occasionally took 

prey on the water surface. Prey were other 

Diptera (73%) or Hemiptera (11%) averaging 

2.8 mm long. 

Type material examined.—Two male 

syntypes in the BMNH collection are 

labeled [Stichopogon\catulus O. S.] [N. 

Sonora,\Mexico.\Morrison.] [CENT. 

AMERICA:\F. D. Godman &\O. Salvin] 

[SYN-\TYPE]. One is labeled [#819306], 

and the other is labeled [#819307]. I 

hereby designate specimen 819306 as 

lectotype for clarification and to ensure 

stabilization in nomenclature. I have 

labeled it [LECTOTYYPE MALE\Diptera: 

Asilidae\Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken\ 

designated by J. K. Barnes]. I have labeled 

the other specimen [PARALECTOTYPE\ 

Diptera: Asilidae\Stichopogon catulus 

Osten Sacken\designated by J. K. Barnes]. 

The lectotype is 10.5 m long and has 

wings 4.4 mm long. The antennomere: 

scape ratios are 1.0:1.5:3.8:1.8. 


STATES: ARIZONA: Cochise County, 

12 mi. SW Bisbee, 16-V-1961, 4 ♂, 6♀ 

(KSUC); Chiricahua Mountains, 4-VII- 

1940, 2 ♂, ♀ (SEMC); Chiricahua 

Mountains, Camp Stewart, 19-VI-1965, 

♂ (EFCA); Chiricahua Mountains, Cave 

Creek, 18-V-1961, 6 ♂, 4♀ (KSUC); 

Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek, 7 mi. 

SW Portal, 24-IV-2002, ♀ (MTEC); 

Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek 

Canyon, Sunny Flat, 31°53’N 109°10’W, 

16–19-V-1980, 3 ♂ (EFCA); Chiricahua 

Mountains, N fork Cave Creek, Southwestern 

Research Station, 9-VI-1961, 

3 ♂, ♀ (EMUS); Chiracahua Mountains, 

S Fork, Cave Creek, 9-VI-1965, ♂, ♀ 

(EFCA); Huachuca Mountains, 27-IV- 

1953, 8 ♂ (BYU, CNC); Huachuca 

Mountains, Bear Canyon, 8-V-1953, 4 

♂,4♀ (CUIC, EFCA, UAIC); Huachuca 

Mountains, Sunnyside, 26-V-1973, ♂ 

(UAIC); Portal, SW Res. Sta., 8-V-1967, 

♂ (CNC); San Pedro River, E of Sierra 

Vista, 15-VI-1966, 3 ♂,5♀ (UAIC); San 

Pedro River, Hwy 90, 7.5 mi E of Sierra


Vista, 3-VI-1991, 16 ♂, 7 ♀ (BYU); 

Southwestern Research Station, 5 mi. W 

Portal, 1-VI-1965, 2 ♀ (UCR). Coconino 

County, Oak Creek Canyon, 27-VI-1957, 

6 ♂, 7♀ (UAIC); Hwy 89A, Oak Creek 

Canyon, West Fork Oak Creek, 3-VI- 

2003, ♀ (BYU); 8 mi. N Sedona, 18-VII- 

1957, ♂ (UAIC). Gila County, Carrizo, 

19-VI-1961, ♀ (KSUC); Carrizo, Hwy 60 

creek, 30-VI-1949, ♀ (CNC); Carrizo 

Creek, 16-VI-1950, 9 ♂, 21♀ (CNC, 

SEMC); Gila River, 3 mi. SW Christmas, 

4-VI-1962, ♂, ♀ (UAIC); Globe, April, ♀ 

(CUIC); Globe, 24-IV-1933, ♀ (UAIC); 

Tonto Cr., 0.5 mi. S Kohl’s Ranch, 19-VI- 

1965, 5 ♂,9♀ (EMEC). Mohave County, 

16 mi. N Wikieup, 1-IV-1950, 5 ♂, 9♀ 

(EFCA, LACM). Pima County, Baboquivari 

Mountains, April, 5 ♂, 4 ♀ 

(MCZ, OSAC, SEMC); Baboquivari 

Mountains, 28-IV-1935, ♀ (UAIC); Box 

Canyon, N of Greaterville, 29-IV-1964, 

♂ (CNC); Santa Catalina Mountains, 

Sabino Canyon, April, ♂ (MCZ); 16-V- 

1953, ♀ (CUIC); 5-IV-1955, ♂, ♀ 

(UAIC); 1–13-V-1956, 2 ♂ (UAIC); 12- 

IV-1959, ♂, ♀ (UAIC); 11-V-1961, ♂ 

(UAIC); 1–13-V-1964, ♂, 2♀ (UAIC); 

Santa Rita Mountains, Box Canyon, 

Basin Spring, Road 62, 12 mi. SE Continental, 

4.VI.1991, 11 male, 8 female 

(BYU); 1.5 mi. NE X-9 Ranch HQ, W. sl. 

Rincon Mts., 15-V-1964, 4 ♂, 6 ♀ 

(UAIC); Tucson, 3-V-1958, ♂ (UAIC). 

Pinal County, Aravaipa Canyon, 21-V- 

1953, 4 ♂, 6♀ (CUIC, EFCA, UAIC); 

Aravaipa Creek, 27-V-1962, ♂, ♀ 

(PMNH); Superior, 6-IV-1938, ♀ (USNM). 

Santa Cruz County, Patagonia, 21-V-1955, 

♀ (UAIC); 10 mi. N Patagonia, 5-V-1961, 

11 ♂,6♀ (KSUC); 12 mi. SE Patagonia, 

5-V-1961, ♀ (KSUC); Santa Rita Mountains, 

Madera Canyon, 3-VI-1961, 3 ♂, 3♀ 

(KSUC); Madera Canyon, 12-V-1964, 2 

♂ (UCR); Sonoita, Gardner Canyon, 1-V- 

1967, 3 ♂,2♀ (CNC); Sycamore Canyon, 

23-V-1954, ♀ (UAIC); Sycamore Canyon, 

Ruby, 26-V-1962, ♂, ♀ (UCR); Ruby, 13- 

VII-1940, ♀ (SEMC); Sycamore Canyon, 

Ruby Road, 11–13-VI-1982, 13 ♂, 4♀ 

(EMUS). Yavapi County, Prescott, 9-VI- 

1937, ♂ (SEMC); Prescott Nat. For., Big 

Bug Cr., 3 mi. W Poland Junction, 30-V- 

1970, ♂ (EFCA); junction north and 

south forks of Santa Maria River, 

18-IV-1966, 5 ♂, ♀ (WFBM); 5 mi. N 

Wickenburg, 30-IV–18-V-1937, 7 ♂,13 

♀ (UMMZ). 

NEW MEXICO: Catron County, 

2-VIII-1935, ♀ (UMMZ); Pueblo Park 

Campground, 16 air mi. S of Luna, 

Pueblo Creek & springs, 30-V-1993, 29 

♂, 12♀ (BYU); Reserve, 25-VI-1968, 

5 ♂, 16♀ (EFCA); 5 mi. NW Reserve, 

12:00:00 A.M., 6 ♂ (EFCA); San Francisco 

R., 2 mi. S Reserve, 26-IV-2002, 5 ♂, ♀ 

(MTEC); Taylor Creek, below Wall Lake, 

Gila National Forest, 28-IV-1994, 3 ♂, 

9 ♀ (CSUC). Doña Ana County, Las 

Cruces, 30-IV-1948, ♂,2♀ (SEMC); Las 

Cruces, 25-IV-1954, 11 ♂,23♀ (SEMC); 

near Las Cruces, V-1927, ♂, ♀ (CNC); 

Rio Grande at Mesilla Dam, 15-IV-1982, 

3 ♂, 2♀ (BYU, EFCA, OSEC); 21-IV- 

1994, 7 ♂, 9♀ (CSUC); Univ. Bosque, 

Rio Grande at I-10, 27-IV–8-V-1983, 

2 ♂, 5 ♀ (BYU, CNC, WSU). Grant 

County, Gila National Forest, E. Fork 

Gila River, 29-VI-1991, 5 ♂,4♀ (CNC); 

Silver City, 30-V-1933, ♂ (CUIC). 

Hidalgo County, Guadalupe Canyon, 

19–21-V-1980, ♂ (BYU). Rio Arriba 

County, 14 mi. N Abiquiu, 12-V-1992, 

2 ♂, ♀ (CSUC). Sierra County, N. Fork 

Palomas Cr, 1 mi. downstream of Forest 

Rd. 157, 26–28-IV-1994, 2 ♂, 5 ♀ 

(CSUC). Socorro County, LaJoya Wildlife 

Pres., 20 mi. N Socorro, 27–28-V-1974, 2 

♀ (CSUC). 

TEXAS: Presidio County, Shafter 

near Old Silver Mine, 4-IV-1969, ♀ 

(ESUW). 

MEXICO, CHIHUAHUA: Arroyo 

Fresa, 3 mi. above jct. R. Piedras Verdes,

26 


22-VI-1987, 3 ♂, ♀ (BYU); 30 mi. NW 

Chihuahua, Majalca Road, 17-IV-1961, 

2 ♂ (CNC). 

SINALOA: 66 mi. N Mazatlán, “Las 

Excondidas”, 22-IV-1968, 2 ♂ (UCR); 

21 mi. E Villa Union, 1-II-1964, 2 ♂ 

(UCR); 54 mi. S Culiacán, 23-IV-1969, 

♂, ♀ (UCR). 

SONORA: 16 mi. NE Cd Obregon, 

15-V-1961, 2 ♂, ♀ (CNC); 5 mi. W 

Santa Ana, 13-IV-1968, 2 ♂, ♀ (EFCA). 

Stichopogon colei Bromley 

(Figs. 15–17) 

Stichopogon colei Bromley 1934: 90 

Stichopogon pritchardi Bromley 1951: 8. 

New synonymy 





lacking well developed setae. Average 

antennomere:scape ratios 1.0:1.5:3.9:2.9. 

Scutellum with dense gray tomentum, 

usually lacking well developed discal and 

marginal setae. Wing 5.3–7.8 mm long in 

male (mean = 6.6 mm, n = 36); 5.4–8.3 


28). Cell m 3 usually at least short petiolate 

at base. Abdominal tergites yellowish 

brown to reddish brow, with anterior and 

lateral margins of tergites 2–5 or 2–6 

bearing wide, uneven bands of white 

tomentum widest at anterolateral margins 

(Fig. 15). Female tergite 8 usually 

opaque, lacking dense tufts of apical 

setae. Epandrium white tomentose. Subepandrial 

sclerite with distal row of 5–6 

short, stout spines on each side of midline 

ventrally (Fig. 16). 

Discussion.—The known range of 

S. colei extends from Nebraska and 

Wyoming south to Mississippi, Arkansas, 

Texas and New Mexico (Fig. 17). Adults 

have been collected from early May 

through late September. 

Some specimens from Potter and 

Montague counties, Texas, and Chaves 

County, New Mexico, have well developed 

marginal scutellar bristles. 

Bromley (1934) described S. colei 

from specimens collected in central and 

southern Texas. He distinguished it 

from S. abdominalis by its silvery tomentose 

abdomen with each tergite 

bearing a large, triangular, blackish 

spot. He later (Bromley 1951) described 

S. pritchardi from specimens collected 

in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Colorado, 

and he distinguished it from S. 

abdominalis by the yellowish rather 

than reddish tibiae and the white tomentose, 

anterolateral areas of the abdominal 

tergites that are broad rather 

than narrow and even. 

Bromley (1934, 1951) recognized that 

both S. colei and S. pritchardi are related 

to S. abdominalis, but he did not compare 

or contrast these two species. In 

his key to North American species of 

Stichopogon, Wilcox (1936) considered 

S. colei to be a relatively large species 

(8–11 mm long) with triangular black 

spots on abdominal segments 1–7 and 

pruinosity throughout. He recognized it 

only from Texas. He found S. abdominals 

to be a relatively small species (6–8 mm 

long) with a largely reddish abdomen and 

pruinosity only on the sides of abdominal 

segments 1–4. He stated that this species 

is widespread east of the Rocky Mountains. 

This study clearly shows S. abdominals to 

be a distinctive species confined to Florida. 

I have studied a large number of 

specimens from the central United 

States, and aside from the occasional 

distinctive S. argenteus or S. fragilis, I 

recognize only a single species. Contrary 

to Bromley’s (1934) description, no 

specimens, including the S. colei holotype, 

have “a large triangular blackish 

gemma” on the abdominal tergites. Male 

genitalia and the subepandrial sclerites


of specimens from near the type locality 

of S. colei are identical to those of 

specimens from the type locality of S. 

pritchardi. I have found no evidence 

indicating that these specimens represent 

more than a single species. I conclude 

that S. pritchardi is a junior synonym of 

S. colei. As with many other species of 

Asilidae, this species is color variable. 

Some specimens have dark brown abdominal 

tergites, while others are lighter 

reddish brown. 

Most specimens lack well developed 

scutellar setae, but these setae are present 

in a few specimens from the Pecos 

River, Chaves County, New Mexico, the 

Canadian River, Potter County, Texas 

and the Red River, Montague County, 

Texas. 

Stichopogon colei type material examined.—A 

male holotype in the CAS 

collection is labeled [Rio Grande Tex.\ 

Brewster Co.\May 9, 1927] [J. O. Martin\ 

Collector] [HOLOTYPE\Stichopogon\ 

colei\Bromley] [California Academy\of 

Sciences\Type No. 6327]. It is 8.0 mm 

long, and the wing is 6.5 mm long. The 

scape and pedicel are present, but the 

remainder of the antenna is missing. 

A female allotype in the CAS collection 

bears the same data as the holotype. 

A male paratype in the CAS collection is 

labeled [collector\H B Parks] [Bexar Co. 

Tex\9-17 1931] [PARATYPE\ Stichopogon\colei]. 

Two female paratypes in 

the TAMU collection are labeled 

[Milano\8-30-33 TX] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\colei\Bromley] 

[2557]. One 

of these specimens is also labeled 

[Stichopgon\colei Bromley\Det.\S. W. 

Bromley 1933]. Two female paratypes in 

the USNM collection are labeled [Rio 

Grande Tex.\Brewster Co.\May 9, 1927] 

[J. O. Martin\Collector] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\colei\Bromley]. A female 

paratype in the USNM collection is labeled 

[H B Parks\Collector] [Bexar Co. 

Tex\9-29 1932] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\colei]. 

Stichopogon pritchardi type material 

examined.—The male holotype in the 

AMNH collection is labeled [Medora\ 

Kan.\9-vi-‘33] [HOLOTYPE\Stichopogon\ 

pritchardi\S. W. Bromley] [Stichopogon\ 

pritchardi\n. sp. 19\ Det. S. W. Bromley]. 

It measures 8.5 mm long, and its wings 

measure 6.1 mm long. The scape:antennomere 

ratios are 1.0:1.5:4.0:3.5. 

There are four paratypes in the AMNH 

collection. One female is labeled [Medora\ 

Kan.\9-vi-‘33] [ALLOTYPE\Stichopogon\ 

pritchardi\S.W.Bromley].Twofemales 

are labeled [Roggen, Colo.\VII-24-46] 

[MTJames\collector] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. Another 

female is labeled [Roggen, Colo.\July 8, 

1933\M. & H. James\Louise Ireland] [Det. 

by\M. James] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\ 

pritchardi\Bromley]. 

There are four paratypes in the CSUC 

collection. A female is labeled [Roggen 

Colo.\July 8, 1933\M. & H. James\Louise 

Ireland] [Det. By\M. James] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. A male 

and a female are labeled [Roggen, Colo.\ 

VIII-15-41] [Coll by\M. T. James] 

[PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ 

Bromley]. A male is labeled [Roggen, 

Colo.\VII-24-46] [MTJames\collector] 


Bromley]. 

There are 14 paratypes in the USNM 

collection. One female is labeled [Roggen, 

Colo.\VIII-31-38] [Collected by\M. T. 

James] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ 

Bromley]. Two males are labeled [Roggen, 

Colo.\VIII-15-41] [Coll. By\M. T. James] 


Bromley]. One male is labeled [Roggen, 

Colo.\VII-24-46] [MTJames\collector] 


Bromley]. Two males are labeled [Clark 

Co. Ks.\June 1962 ft.] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. One

28 


male and a specimen lacking an abdomen 

(a presumed female based on Bromley’s 

(1951) work) are labeled [Medora\Kan.\ 

9.VI.’33] [PARATOPOTYPE\ Stichopogon\ 

pritchardi\S. W. Bromley]. A male and 

a female are labeled [Osage Co. Ok.\VII- 

29-32\Col. A. E. Pritchard] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. Two 

males are labeled [Stillwater\VI,20,’23 

Okla.] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ 

Bromley]. Two males are labeled [Hidalgo 

County\VIII-9 1933 Tex] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. 

A male in the WSU collection and 

a male and female in the CSUC collection 

are labeled [Roggen Colo.\VIII-15- 

41] [Coll. by\M. T. James] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\ Bromley]. The 

labels on another male WSU paratype 

bear the same data except for the date, 

which is VIII-16-41, and the labels on 

another male in the CSUC collection are 

same except for the date, which is VII- 

24-46. A female in the WSU collection 

is labeled [Roggen, Colo.\July 8, 1933\M. & 

H. James\Louise Ireland] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. A female 

paratype in the WSU collection is labeled 

[Roggen, Colo.\VIII-31-38][Collected by\ 

M. T. James] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\ 

pritchardi\Bromley]. A female in the 

CSUC collection bears the labels [Roggen 

Colo.\July 8, 1933\M. & H. James\Louise 

Ireland] [Det. by\M. James] [PARATYPE\ 

Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. 


STATES: ARKANSAS: Desha County, 

Choctaw Island WMA, boat ramp, 23- 

VIII-2004, ♂ (UAAM). Little River 

County, weeds, 4-VII-1961, 3 ♂, 2♀ 

(UAAM). Perry County, Toad Suck, 

7-IX-2003, ♀ (UAAM); Toad Suck, 5-IX- 

2004, ♀ (UAAM); Toad Suck Park, along 

sandy Arkansas River beach, 5-IX-2004, 

♀ (UAAM). Pope County, Holla Bend 

NWR, NW side, sand shore, Arkansas 

River beach, 8-VIII-2004, ♂ (UAAM). 

COLORADO: Baca County, Rd. 18, 

0.8 mi N of Rd. G, 12-VII-1991, 2 ♀ 

(CSUC); Sand Canyon, 12–13-VII- 

1991, 5 ♀ (CSUC); Sand Canyon, 13- 

VII-1991, 2 ♂ (CSUC). Bent County, 

2.5 mi. S Caddoa, 3-VII-1990, ♂ (CSUC); 

2.5 mi S Caddoa, sand dunes along 

Caddoa Creek, 11-VII-1991, ♀ (CSUC); 

John Martin Reservoir Campground, 17- 

VIII-1995, 2 ♀ (CSUC). Otero County, 

Purgatoire River, Rt. 109, 18-VI-1996, ♀ 

(CSUC). Phillips County, Holyoke, 26- 

VII-1946, ♀ (CSUC). Prowers County, 

Lamar JC, 1-VII-1995, ♀ (CSUC); sand 

dunes S of fairgrounds, US 287/385, 

Lamar, 12-VII-1991, ♀ (CSUC); Lamar 

Community College, woods, 31-V-1998, 

♀ (CSUC). Weld County, Masters, 

43009, 25-VI-1939, 2 ♀ (INHS); Masters, 

43009, 9-VII-1939, ♀ (USNM); 

Roggen, ♂ (MCZ); Roggen, 8-VII-1933, 

♂, 3♀ (CUIC, FSCA, MCZ); Roggen, 

15–18-VIII-1941, ♂ (USNM); Rd. 386, 

N of Roggen, 8–18-VIII- 1989, ♂, ♀ 

(CSUC); 2 mi. N Roggen, 6-VII-1993, 

2 ♂, 4♀ (CSUC); 3 mi. N Roggen, 21- 

VIII-1990, ♀ (CSUC); 11 mi. N Roggen, 

jct Rd. 387 & Empire Intake Canal, 

swale with willow in rolling dunes, 

Malaise, 40°16.505̕N 104°17.414̕W, 

7–9-VII-1998, 6 ♂, 8♀ (CSUC). Yuma 

County, Eckley, 30-VI-1925, ♀ (SEMC); 

Wray, 26-VII-1946, ♂, 2 ♀ (CSUC); 

Wray, Sandhiller Motel, 14-VII-1992, ♂, 

♀ (CSUC). 

KANSAS: Clark County, 1962 ft., 

June, 11 ♂,11♀, 1 sex unknown (SEMC, 

UAAM). Finney County, Garden City, 

15–17-VI-1949, ♂, 5♀ (EMEC, FSCA). 

Kiowa County, 17-VII-1958, ♀ (KSUC). 

Lyon County, Emporia, 18-VI-1941, ♂ 

(SEMC). Reno County, 2-VII-1946, ♀ 

(KSUC); Medora, sand dunes, 4-VII- 

1929, 4 ♂, 3♀ (KSUC); Medora, sand 

dunes, 4-VII-1930, ♂ (KSUC); Medora, 

sand dunes, 4-VII-1931, ♂, ♀ (KSUC); 

Medora, sand dunes, 21-VII-1931, ♂, ♀


(KSUC); Medora, sand dunes, 7–8-VI- 

1933, ♂, 5♀, 1 sex unknown (KSUC, 

USNM); Medora, sand dunes, 3–4-VII, 

10 ♂, 8 ♀, 1 sex unknown (FSCA, 

KSUC, USNM); Medora, sand hills, 

VI-1923, ♂, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, sand 

hills, 25-VI-1923, 9 ♂, 5 ♀ (SEMC, 

UAAM); Medora, sand hills, 7-VII-1923, 

♀ (SEMC); Medora, sand hills, 25-IX- 

1923, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, sand hills, 

29-VI-1936, ♀ (USNM); Medora, 2-VII- 

1927, 3 ♂, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, 4-VII- 

1930, ♂, ♀ (KSUC); Medora, 9-VI-1933, 

♂, 1 sex unknown (USNM); Medora, 

24-VI-1936, 3 ♂, ♀ (UAAM, USNM). 

Stafford County, salt marsh, 4-VII-1938, 

♂ (KSUC). Sumner County, 1189 ft., 1916, 

♂ (UAAM). Wilson County, Neodesha, 

5-VIII-1950, ♀ (SEMC). 

MISSISSIPPI: Bolivar County, Great 

River Road State Park, 22-VI-1993, ♀ 

(MEM). 

NEBRASKA: Arthur County, Araphaho 

Prairie, 17-VII-1986, ♀ (UNSM). Blaine 

County, Halsey, old forest, epigeic level, 

alcohol pitfall, 21-VII-1958, ♀ (ESUW). 

Cherry County, Valentine, 23-VII-1968, 

3 ♂,3♀ (EFCA). Custer County, Milburn, 

1-VIII-1970, ♀ (UNSM). Dawson County, 

Gothenburg, 31-VII-1950, ♂, ♀ (USNM). 

Garden County, 8 mi. NE Oshkosh, 

12-VIII-1955, ♂ (SEMC). Keith County, 

Lake McConaughy, 13-VI-2000, ♂ 

(CSUC). Morrill County, 5-VII-1958, 

♂, 3 famle (KSUC). Sioux County, NE 

Hwy29betw.Harrison&Agate,mile 

marker 34, 24-VI-1991, ♀ (CSUC). 

Thomas County, Halsey, Nebraska National 

Forest, 4-VIII-1948, ♀ (FSCA). 

NEW MEXICO: Chaves County, 

Pecos River near Roswell, 27-VIII-1962, 

♂, 4♀ (CNC); 20 mi. NE Roswell, 5-V- 

1970, ♀ (UCR). Eddy County, waste 

isolation pilot plant, Malaise trap, 11– 

25-VI-1979, 3 ♀ (TAMU); 26 mi. E 

Carlsbad, Malaise trap, 4-VI-1977, ♂ 

(TAMU); 32°19.7’N 103°46.9’W, waste 

isolation pilot plant, 2-VI-1979, ♂ 

(TAMU); 32°22.2N 103°47.4’W, waste 

isolation pilot plant, Malaise trap, 21- 

VII-1979, ♂ (TAMU); 32°23.6’N 

103°46.1’W, waste isolation pilot plant, 

13-VI-1979, ♂ (TAMU). Lea County, 

waste isolation pilot plant, Malaise trap, 

14-VI-1979, ♀ (TAMU). Quay County, 

Canadian R., Logan, 5-VIII-1970, ♀ 

(MTEC); Canadian R., Logan, 5-VIII- 

1970, ♂, ♀ (MTEC); 10.5 mi NE Logan, 

sand hills, 38509, 8-VIII-1971, 6 ♂, 4♀ 

(EFCA). Roosevelt County, 14 mi. SW 

Portales, 23-VI-1971, ♂ (UCR). Sandoval 

County, Zia Pueblo, Jemez River, 53509, 

5-VIII-1971, ♀ (EFCA). 

OKLAHOMA: Alfalfa County, 

Cherokee, 4-VI-1937, 2 ♂, ♀ (OSEC, 

USNM). Beaver County, Beaver, 20-VI- 

1959, ♂, ♀ (OSEC); Beaver, 15-V-1960, 

♀ (OSEC); Beaver, 18-VI-1960, ♀ 

(OSEC); Beaver, 2-VII-1960, ♀ (OSEC). 

Beckham County, Sayre, 8-VI-1937, ♂, 

2 ♀ (OSEC); Sayre, 8-VII-1937, ♂ 

(USNM). Bryan County, Lake Texoma, 

15-VII-1954, ♂, 4 ♀ (CNC, SEMC); 

Lake Texoma, 2 mi. E Willis, 1-VI-1965, 

2 ♂ (EFCA). Choctaw County, Hugo, 

20-VI-1934, 3 ♂, 4♀ (EMEC, USNM). 

Cimarron County, Boise City, 30-VI- 

1926, ♀ (UMMZ); 18.3 mi. W Boise 

City, 10-VII-1986, ♂, ♀ (EFCA). Dewey 

County, Seiling, 2-VI-1939, 4 ♂, 3♀, 1 

sex unknown (EMEC, OSEC, USNM). 

Garvin County, 26-VII-1932, 2 ♂ 

(USNM); 9-VI-1934, ♂ (USNM). Grady 

County, Rush Springs, 12-VII-1931, ♂ 

(KSUC). Harmon County, 7 mi. SW 

Hollis, 17-21-VI-1926, ♂, 2♀, 1 sex 

unknown (UMMZ). Jackson County, 

16-VI-1934, ♀ (USNM). Logan County, 

banks of Cimarron River near Coyle, 

13-VIII-1959, ♀ (OSEC). Love County, 

Red River at Hwy 35, 21-VIII-1986, ♂, ♀ 

(EFCA). Marshall County, Lake Texoma, 

2 mi. E Willis, 1-VI-1965, 4 ♂, 10♀ 

(UCDC). McCurtain County, Millerton,

30 


12–26-VI-1934, 2 ♀ (USNM); Millerton, 

1-VIII-1934, ♂, ♀ (USNM). McIntosh 

County, Eufaula, 26-VIII-1935, ♂ (OSEC). 

Okfuskee County, Okemah, 18-VII-1937, 

3 ♂, 2♀ (OSEC. USNM). Osage County, 

29-VII–1-VIII-1932, ♂, 2 ♀ (EFCA, 

OSEC, USNM). Pawnee County, banks 

of Arkansas River near Cleveland, 12- 

VIII-1959, 2 ♀ (OSEC). Payne County, 

Paradise Exp. Sta., 6-VIII-1959, ♀ (OSEC); 

Stillwater, 12-VII-1939, ♀ (INHS). Roger 

Mills County, Sweetwater, 24-VII-1938, ♂ 

(OSEC). Sequoyah County, Sallisaw, 

21-VI-1937, ♂, ♀, 1 sex unknown (OSEC, 

USNM); Vian, Arkansas River, 7-VII- 

1954, ♀ (CNC). Tulsa County, Tulsa, 

18-VII-1914, ♂ (CUIC). Woods County, 

Little Sahara, 12–26-VI-1934, 2 ♂, 3♀ 

(WFBM); Little Sahara, 27-VI-1967, 

2 ♂, ♀ (EFCA); Waynoka, 17-VI-1962, 

3 ♂,6♀ (OSEC). Waynoka, 1-VI-1963, 

2 ♂, 2♀ (EFCA). 

TEXAS: Bastrop County, Bastrop, 

24-VI-1959, ♀ (FSCA); McDade, 10-V- 

1954, 12 ♂,22♀, 1 sex unknown (FSCA, 

SEMC, UAAM); McDade, 16-V-1954, 

6 ♂, ♂, 5 ♀ (EFCA, FSCA, SEMC). 

Bosque County, Brazos Point, 14-VI-1948, 

♀ (INHS). Brewster County, Rio Grande, 

9-V-1927, 2 ♀ (USNM). Comanche 

County, Hasse, 9-IX-1958, ♀ (KSUC). 

DeWitt County, 2 mi. NE Nordheim, 

5-VIII-1963, ♀ (KSUC). El Paso County, 

El Paso, 25-VII-1914, ♀ (CUIC); El 

Paso, 1-VII-1921, ♀ (EMEC). Erath 

County, 5 mi. N Stephenville, Malaise 

trap, 16–30-V-1980, 6 ♂, 6♀ (TAMU); 

5 mi. N Stephenville, Malaise trap, 1–13- 

VI-1980, 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (TAMU). Hidalgo 

County, Donna, 24-IX–15-X-1933, 3 ♂, 

5 ♀ (TAMU). Kenedy County, 18 mi. 

S Sarita, 5-VI-1961, 2 ♂, 2♀ (SEMC). 

Kleberg County, 2 mi. S Kingsville, 24- 

VII-1962, ♂ (KSUC). Liberty County, 

Dayton, 22-VI-1917, 5 ♂, 10♀ (MCZ); 

Dayton, 29-VI-1917, ♀ (FSCA); Liberty, 

22-VI-1917, 4 ♂, 6♀ (CUIC). Medina 

County, 3 mi. E Devine, Co. Rd. 7711, 

25-IV-1998, ♀ (BYU). Milam County, 

18-V-1941, 2 ♂,2♀ (TAMU). Montague 

County, Red River, Highway 81, 2-VII- 

2003, 2 ♂, 3♀ (CSUC). Potter County, 

Highway87/287atCanadianRiver,27- 

VI-1994, ♂, ♀ (CSUC). Reeves County, 

Balmorhea State Park campground, 

2-VII-1999, ♀ (BYU). Ward County, 

Monahans Sandhills State Park, 2-VIII- 

1987, 2 ♂ (EMEC, UMMZ); Monahans 

Sandhills State Park, 25009, 29-VII- 

1995, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (BYU); Monahans 

Sandhills State Park campground, 13-VI- 

1998, 2 ♀ (BYU); Monahans Sandhills 

State Park, 13–14-VI-1998, 13 ♂,17♀ 

(BYU); Monahans Sandhills State Park, 

1-VII1999, ♂ (BYU); Monahans Sandhills 

State Park, 825 m, 30-VI–2-VII-1999, 12 

♂, 21♀ (BYU); Sand Hills State Park, 

6 mi. E Monahans, 16-V-1983, ♀ (INHS). 

Wilbarger County, 17 mi. N Vernon, 2-VI- 

1979, 2 ♂ (SEMC). 

WYOMING: Platte County, Wheatland, 

Laramie River, 7-VII-1974, ♀ (ESUW). 

Stichopogon coquillettii (Bezzi) 

Neopogon coquillettii Bezzi 1910: 151 

Stichopogon coquilletti: Wilcox 1936: 210 

Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding antennae, 

7.7–10.2 mm long (mean = 8.9 


(mean = 9.3 mm, n = 12). Frons and 

vertex densely white tomentose. Ocellar 

tubercle with long posterior setae, about as 

long as distance between ocelli. Average 


Scutellum with dense, grayish white tomentum, 

lacking discal setae, with several 

relatively strong, pale marginal setae at 

least as long as length of scutellum. Wing 

5.6–7.7 mm long in male (mean = 6.8 

mm, n = 12); 5.8–8.2 mm long in female 

(mean = 6.9 mm, n = 12). Cell m 3 usually 

at least short petiolate at base. Abdominal 

tergites 1, 4 and 8 entirely or mostly white


tomentose; tergite 7 white tomentose in 

female, opaque black or white tomentose 

in male; tergites 2–3 mostly opaque 

black, with anterior, posterior and lateral 

margins white tomentose; tergites 

5–6 usually mostly opaque black, with 

anterior and lateral margins white tomentose. 

Epandrium white tomentose. Subepandrial 

sclerite with distal row of 5–7 

short, stout spines on each side of midline 

ventrally. Phallus with well developed 

apicolateral projections and dense vestiture 

of pale setae on apical third. Female 

sternite 8 lacking dense tufts of apical 

setae. 

Discussion.—Stichopogon coquilletti is 

known only from seaside areas of Los 

Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties, 

California. Adults have been collected 

from mid-May through early October. 

Barnes (2010) reviewed this species 

and mapped its distribution. It is not 

necessary to repeat the relevant data here. 

Stichopogon fragilis Back 

(Figs. 18–19) 

Stichopogon fragilis Back 1909: 334 

Diagnosis.—Body yellowish brown 

to brown in ground color, densely covered 

with gray or brownish gray tomentum; 

head and thorax often darker than, 

and contrasting with, light yellowish 

brown legs and abdomen; all setae pale. 

Male body, excluding antennae, 2.9–4.4 

mm long (mean = 3.7 mm, n = 13); female 

3.7–5.6 mm long (mean = 4.6 mm, 

n = 20). Ocellar tubercle with long pale, 

hairlike setae, about as long as, or longer 

than, distance between ocelli. Average 


Scutellum with dense, gray tomentum, 

lacking discal setae, with several relatively 

strong, pale marginal setae at least as long 

as length of scutellum. Wing 2.2–3.2 mm 



mm, n = 20). Cell m 3 not petiolate at base. 

Abdominal tergites entirely or mostly 

white tomentose (Fig. 18). Female tergite 

8 opaque. Female sternite 8 with dense 

tufts of apical setae. Epandrium grayish 

white tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite 

with distal row of 3 short, stout spines on 

each side of midline ventrally. 

Discussion.—Stichopogon fragilis 

occurs from southern Idaho and southeastern 

Oregon south to Chihuahua and 

Baha California Sur (Fig. 19). Adults have 

been collected from early April through 

early September. 

The legs and abdominal tergites are 

often lighter than, and contrasting with, 

the dark head and thorax, but in specimens 

from the northern half of the species’ 

range (Oregon, Idaho and northern 

California, Nevada, and Utah) the legs 

and abdominal tergites are just as dark as 

the head and thorax. 

Type material examined.—The holotype 

female is in the ANSP collection. It is 

labeled [Alamogordo\IV.24.02 NM] 

[TYPE 6237\Stichopogon\FRAGILIS 

\Back]. It measures 3.9 mm long, and it 

has wings 3.1 mm long. 


STATES: ARIZONA: Apache County, 

Beaver Dam Wash, 30-VI-1949, ♀ (CNC). 

Cochise County, 2 mi. NE Portal, 10-VI- 

1963, ♂ (EFCA); Huachuca Mountains, 

Ramsey Canyon, 15 mi. S Sierra Vista, 

52009, 1–15-VII-1966, ♀ (CNC). Gila 

County, Gila River, 3 mi. SW Christmas, 

Malaise trap by Condalia, 5-V-1962, ♀ 

(UAIC). Graham County, Gila River, 

31009, 19-VIII-1976, ♀ (UAIC). La Paz 

County, 16 mi. E Quartzsite, 17-IV-1966, 

♀ (WFBM). Maricopa County, Gila 

Bend, 10-IV-1990, ♀ (INHS); 18 mi. S 

Gila Bend, 13-IV-1983, 3 ♂, ♀ (UCR); 

20 mi. S Gila Bend, 10009, 13-IV-1961, ♂ 

(KSUC). Pinal County, April, 4 ♂, ♀ (MCZ, 

USNM); Florence Junction, 25-IV-1937, ♂ 

(UAIC).

32 


CALIFORNIA: Contra Costa County, 

Antioch, 8-VIII-1952, ♀ (CNC). Imperial 

County, Algodones Dunes, 3 km SW 

Buttercup Campground, Malaise, 30.V–3. 

VI.2008, ♀ (CSCA); 3 mi. N Glamis, 

Malaise trap, 15–16-IX-1972, ♀ (CSCA); 

10.IX.1974, ♂, ♀ (CSCA). Inyo County, 

Death Valley National Monument, Jct. 

Hwy 178 - Saratoga Spr. Rd., 22-IV-1980, 

♂ (EFCA); Eureka Valley, VI-1978, 2 ♂, 

2 ♀ (EFCA); Eureka Valley, antifreeze pit 

trap, VI-1978, ♀ (CSCA); 3 mi. N Lone 

Pine, antifreeze pit trap on sand dunes, 

8.V.1980, ♀ (CSCA). Kern County, nr. Hwy 

99, 1.7 mi. S jct. Hwy 223, 22-VII-1998, 

♂, ♀ (UCR). Mono County, Mono Basin, 

Sulfur Spr. Rd., 10 mi. S Hwy 167, dunes, 

30-VIII-1980, 2 ♂ (EFCA); NE end 

Mono Lake, sand dunes, 22.VIII.1976, ♀ 

(CSCA). Riverside County, P. L. Boyd 

Des. Res. Center, 3.5 mi S Palm Desert, 

Malaise trap, 19–21-VIII-1969, ♂ (UCR); 

P. L. Boyd Des. Res. Center, 3.5 mi S Palm 

Desert, Malaise trap, 15–23-V-1970, ♂ 

(UCR). San Bernardino County, 2 mi. NW 

Afton, 11-VII–9-X-1980, ♀ (CSCA); 

Kelso Dunes, 19-V-82, ♂ (EFCA); 2 mi. N 

Twentynine Palms, 23-X-1967, 3 ♂, 3♀ 

(EFCA). Solano County, Sandy Beach 

Park, I mi. S Rio Vista, 25-VI-1992, 3 ♂, 

2 ♀ (INHS). 

IDAHO: Elmore County, 2 mi. NE 

Glens Ferry, 9-IX-1967, 3 ♀ (WFBM); 

Hammett, 18-VI-1967, ♀ (WFBM). 

Fremont County, sand dunes, 28-VI-1977, 

♂ (WFBM); 5 mi. NW St. Anthony, 6-IX- 

1967, 2 ♂ (WFBM). Gooding County, 

Hagerman, 10-VII-1978, 2 ♂, ♀ (ESUW, 

WFBM); 7.5 mi. SW Hagerman, 12-VI- 

1970, 9 ♂,5♀ (WFBM). Lincoln County, 

7 mi. E Dietrich, 6-VII-1978, ♂ (ESUW); 

6 mi. E Dietrich, 20-VII-1979, ♀ (ESUW). 

Owyhee County, 4.5 mi. S Granview, 

10-VI-1970, ♂,2♀ (WFBM); Hot Spring, 

9-IX-1962, 2 ♂ (WFBM). Twin Falls 

County, 5 mi. SW Hagerman, sand dunes, 

10-VII-1978, ♂, ♀ (WFBM). 

NEVADA: Humboldt County, 9 mi. N 

Minnemucca, 8-VIII-1977, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ 

(WFBM). Mineral County, Teels Marsh 

sand dunes, antifreeze pit trap, 16-VIII– 

22-XI-1979, ♂ (EFCA). 

NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo County, 5 

mi. S Albuquerque, 23-VI-1989, 2 ♂, ♀ 

(INHS). Dona Ana County, 3 mi. S Organ, 

4-V-1984, ♂ (INHS). Hidalgo County, 

Antelope Corral, 6 mi. N Rodeo, 2–4-VI- 

1983, ♂, ♀ (EFCA). 

OREGON: Harney County, 27-V-1979, 

♂ (EFCA); 4-IX-1979, ♀ (EFCA); Avord 

Well, 19-VI-1979, ♂, 2♀ (EFCA); Borax 

Lake, N Fields, 42°19’46”N, 118°36’16”W, 

1293 m, 8-VIII-2005, 2 ♂, 2♀ (TDCA). 

TEXAS: Ward County, Monahans 

Sandhills State Park, 25009, 29-VII-1995, 

2 ♀ (BYU). Winkler County, County Road 

409 E of Hwy 18, 18-VIII-1990, ♀ (BYU). 

UTAH: Garfield County, 6 mi. S 

Ticaboo, 6-VI-1984, ♀ (EMUS). Kane 

County, Dance Hall Rock, 14-VI-2005, ♀ 

(BYU); Dry Fork near Spooky Canyon 

off Hole in the Rock Rd., 13-VI-2000, ♂ 

(BYU). Millard County, Delta, 4-VII, 2 ♀ 

(BYU); 19 mi. N Meadow, sand dunes, 

8-VI-1969, 3 ♂, ♀ (WFBM). Tooele 

County, SWend of Cedar Mts., 14-VI-1956, 

♂, 2♀ (BYU); Dugway Prooving Ground, 

6-VI-1956, 2 ♂, 2♀ (BYU); The Knolls, 

I-80 ca. 60 mi. W Salt Lake City, 20-VII- 

1989, ♀ (BYU); Little Granite Mt., 20-VI- 

1956, sex unknown (BYU); Skull Valley, 

14-VI-1956, ♀ (BYU). Washington County, 

3 mi. W Santa Clara, 30-V-73, ♂ (EMUS). 

MEXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA 

NORTE: Calmallí, 15–16-VI-1967, ♂,2♀ 

(EFCA); 9 km N Guerrero Negro, sand 

dunes, 24-III-1980, 3 ♀ (EFCA); 44.5 mi. 

S Rosarito, 5-VII-1973, 13 ♂,6♀ (EFCA); 

Sierra Juarez, 3 mi. N La Huerta, 9-VI-70, 

3 ♂, 2♀ (EFCA). 

BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: 23 km W 

La Paz, 24–27-IV-1975, 7 ♀ (EFCA). 

CHIHUAHUA: 30 mi. N Chihuahua, 

50009, 17-IV-1961, ♂ (CNC).


Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) 

Dasypogon trifasciatus Say 1823: 51 

Thereva plagiata Walker 1848: 223 (synonymy 

by Osten Sacken 1878) 

Dasypogon gelascens Walker 1860: 277 

(synonymy by Williston 1886) 

Stichopogon trifasciatus: Schiner 1866: 680 

Neopogon snowii Bezzi 1910: 149 (synonymy 

by James 1934) 

Neopogon salinus Melander 1923: 216 (synonymy 

by Barnes 2010) 




(mean = 12.4 mm, n = 29). Frons and 

vertex variable, usually densely white tomentose, 

often with brown orbital shading, 

or frons and vertex almost completely 

brown tomentose. Ocellar tubercle with 

short posterior setae, about as long as diameter 

of ocellus. Average antennomere: 


with dense, white tomentum, lacking discal 

setae, with several short, pale setae at 

lateral margins, shorter than length of 

scutellum. Wing 6.0–10.4 mm long in 

male (mean = 7.8 mm, n = 30); 6.6–11.2 


29). Cell m 3 often at least short petiolate 

at base. Abdominal tergites 1, 4 and 8 

entirely or mostly white tomentose; tergites 

2–3 mostly opaque dark brown or 

black, with anterior, posterior and lateral 

margins white tomentose; tergites 5–6 

usually mostly opaque dark brown or 

black, with anterior and lateral margins 

white tomentose; tergite 7 white tomentose 

in female, opaque black or sometimes 

white tomentose in male. Epandrium white 

tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite with distal 

row of 5–6 short, stout spines on each 

side of midline ventrally. Phallus lacking 

apicolateral projections and dense vestiture 

of pale setae on apical third. Female sternite 

8 lacking dense tufts of apical setae. 

Discussion.—Stichopogon trifasciatus 

is a widespread species, occurring across 

Canada, throughout most of the United 

States and south to Mexico and Central 

America. In the United States, adults have 

been collected from mid-March through 

late October. 




Stichopogon trifasciatus is associated 

with open habitats and seems to have 

a dietary affinity for flies and spiders. 

Bromley (1934) noted that this species 

occurs on bare, sandy, or gravelly areas 

and feeds to a considerable extent on 

small spiders. Later he (Bromley 1946) 

stated that it feeds on Diptera, Orthoptera 

and spiders. James (1938) found that bare 

areas in Colorado, such as exposed rock, 

windblown areas, and streamsides, supported 

a limited robber fly fauna consisting 

of such characteristic species as 

S. trifasciatus and S. argenteus. Adisoemarto 

(1967) added “pastures and bare 

fields (including unpaved roads) near 

streams” to the list of habitats that may 

harbor S. trifasciatus. Lavigne and 

Holland (1969) found that S. trifasciatus 

in Wyoming was found only near natural 

drainages, suggesting that this species 

needs a relatively moist habitat, perhaps 

for larval development. Individuals always 

foraged from sand or objects on the 

sand. Foraging flight and contact occurred 

while prey were on the ground. 

Diptera were 85% of observed prey and 

Hemiptera were 10%. Other prey included 

Hymenoptera and spiders. Rogers 

and Lavigne (1972) found that at Pawnee 

National Grasslands in northeastern 

Colorado, adults always foraged from 

sand or objects located on sand. Foraging 

flights were short, swift and directed 

only at small insects crawling on 

the ground. Prey items were manipulated 

during a short hover above the feeding

34 


site, and when finished the prey was 

pushed off the proboscis on site. Weeks 

and Hespenheide (1985) observed that 

in this species, courtship behavior may 

or may not be displayed preceding attempted 

copulations. 

Stichopogon venturiensis 

Barnes 

Stichopogon venturiensis Barnes 2010: 369 





with long, thin, pale, hairlike posterior 

setae, about as long as distance between 

ocelli. Average antennomere:scape ratios 

1.0:1.4:4.3:3.3. Scutellum shining black 

with sparse, white tomentum, lacking 

discal setae, with 10–12 relatively strong, 

pale marginal setae at least as long as 

length of scutellum. Wing 5.3–7.3 mm 



mm, n = 27). Cell m 3 usually not petiolate 

at base. Abdominal tergites 1, 4 and 8 

entirely or mostly white tomentose; tergites 

2–3 and 5–7 entirely or mostly 

polished black. Female tergite 8 opaque. 

Female sternite 8 lacking dense tufts of 

apical setae. Epandrium white tomentose. 

Subepandrial sclerite with distal row of 

7–8 short, stout spines on each side of 

midline ventrally. Phallus with well developed 

apicolateral projections, lacking 

dense vestiture of pale setae on apical 

third. Female sternite 8 lacking dense 

tufts of apical setae. 

Discussion.—Stichopogon venturiensis 

is known only from seaside areas of Santa 

Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties, 

California. 




ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

I am grateful to the following individuals 

for loans of specimens: Donald 

Arnold (OSEC), Cheryl Barr (EMEC), 

Victoria Bayless (LSAM), Robert Blinn 

(NCSU), James Boone (FMNH), Mark 

O’Brien (UMMZ), Brian Brown (LACM), 

Shawn Clark (BYU), Torsten Dikow 

(TDCA), Carol von Dohlen (EMUS), 

Stephen Gaimari (CSCA), Zachary Falin 

(SEMC), Eric Fisher (EFCA), Creighton 

Freeman (OSU), James O’Hara (CNC), 

Steven Heydon (UCDC), Richard Hoebeke 

(CUIC), Boris Kondratieff (CSUC), 

Christopher Marshall (OSAC), Erica 

McAlister (BMNH), Frank Merickel 

(WFBM), Tam Nguyen (AMNH), Carl 

Olson (UAIC), Philip Perkins (MCZ), 

Raymond Pupedis (PMNH), Brett Ratcliffe 

(UNSM), Edward Riley (TAMU), Justin 

Runyon (MTEC), Terence Schiefer 

(MEM), Peter Sehnal (NMW), Scott 

Shaw (ESUW), Victor Smith (CAS), 

Gary Steck (FSCA), Paul Tinerella 

(INHS), F. Christian Thompson (USNM), 

Michael Wall (SDMC), Jason Weintraub 

(ANSP), Douglas Yanega (UCR) and 

Gregory Zolnerowich (KSUC). 

Literature Cited 

Adisoemarto, S. 1967. The Asilidae (Diptera) 

of Alberta. Quaestiones entomoligcae 3: 

3–90. 

Andrade, R. 2011. Collembola and Acariformes 

recorded for the first time as prey of Asilidae 

(Diptera: Brachycera). Boletin del la Sociedad 

Entomológica Aragonesa 49: 196. 

Back, E. A. 1909. The robber-flies of America 

north of Mexico, belonging to the subfamilies 

Leptogastrinae and Dasypogoninae. Transactions 

of the American Entomological Society 

35: 137–400. 

Barnes, J. K. 2010. Revision of Nearctic Stichopogon 

species (Diptera: Asilidae) with whitebanded 

abdomens, including description of 

Stichopogon venturiensis, new species, from 

coastal California. Proceedings of the Entomological 

Society of Washington 112(3): 

367–380. doi:10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.367


Bezzi, M. 1910. Revisio systematica generis 

dipterorum Stichopogon. Annales historiconaturales 

Musei nationalis hungarici 8: 129–159. 

Bromley, S. W. 1934. The robber flies of Texas 

(Diptera, Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological 

Society of America 27: 74–113. 

Bromley, S. W. 1946. Guide to the insect of 

Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies 

of Connecticut. Third Fascicle. Asilidae. 

Connecticut State Geological and Natural 

History Survey Bulletin 69: 51 pages. 

Bromley, S. W. 1951. Asilid notes (Diptera) with 

descriptions of thirty-two new species. American 

Museum Novitates 1532: 1–36. 

Cannings, R. A. 2002. The systematics of Lasiopogon 

(Diptera: Asilidae). Royal British 

Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia. 

354 pp. 

Cuthbertson, A. 1938. Biological notes on some 

Diptera in southern Rhodesia. Transactions of 

the Rhodesia Sceintific Association 38: 115–132. 

Efflatoun Bey, H. 1937. A monograph of Egyptyian 

Diptera. Part V. Family Asilidae (Section 

II). Mémoires de la Société Royale 

Entomologique d’Égypte 4(3): 199–443. 

Engel, E. O. and A. Cuthbertson. 1939. Systematic 

and biological notes on some brachycerous 

Diptera of Southern Rhodesia. Journal 

of the Entomological Society of South Africa 

2: 181–195. 

Fisher, E. M. 2009. Asilidae (robber flies, assassin 

flies,moscascazadoras,moscasladronas),pp. 

585–632. In B. V. Brown, A. Borkent, J. M. 

Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley, and 

M. Zumbado, eds. Manual of Central American 

Diptera, volume 1. NRC Research Press, 

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 

Geller-Grimm, F. 2008. Robber flies (Asilidae). 

Catalog of species. Available at: http://www. 

geller-grimm.de/catalog/species.htm [accessed 

February 21, 2012]. 

James, M. T. 1934. Taxonomic notes on some 

Colorado Asilidae. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 

10(2): 83–86. 

James, M. T. 1938. A systematic and ecological 

study of the robber flies (Asilidae) of Colorado. 

University of Colorado Studies. General Series 

(A) 26(1): 70–74. 

Lavigne, R. J. and F. R. Holland. 1969. Comparative 

behavior of eleven species of Wyoming 

robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). University of 

Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station 

Science Monograph 18: 1–61. 

Lavigne, R. and J. Londt. 2003. Robber flies 

(Asilidae). Predator-prey database for the 

family Asilidae (Hexapoda: Diptera). Available 

at: http://www.geller-grimm.de/catalog/ 

lavigne.htm [accessed February 20, 2012]. 

Loew, H. 1847. Ueber die europäischen Raubliegen 

(Diptera: Asilica). Linnaea Entomologica 2: 

384–568, 587–591. 

Londt, J. G. H. 1979. Afrotropical Asilidae 

(Diptera) 3. The tribe Stichopogonini. Annals 

of the Natal Museum 23(3): 833–854. 

Martin, C. H. 1961. A revision of the genus Lissoteles 

(Diptera, Asilidae). American Museum 

Novitates 2027: 1–13. 

McAlpine, J. F. 1981. Morphology and terminology – 

Adults, pp. 9–63. In J. F. McAlpine, B. V. 

Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. 

Vockeroth, and D. M. Wood, coords. Manual of 

Nearctic Diptera, volume 1. Research Branch, 

Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27. 

Meigen, J. W. 1820. Systematische Beschreibung 

der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen 

Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Aachen. 365 pp. 

Melander, A. L. 1923. Studies in Asilidae (Diptera). 

Psyche 30(6): 207–219. doi:10.1155/ 

1923/83461 

Osten Sacken, C. R. 1878. Catalogue of the described 

Diptera of North America. Smithsonian 

Miscellaneous Collections 270: 1–276. 

Osten Sacken, C. R. 1887. Diptera, volume 1 

[part, concluded] pp. 129–216. In F. D. 

Godman and O. Salvin, eds. Biologia Centrali- 

Americana. Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera, volume 

1, 378 pp. 

Papavero, N. 2009. Catalogue of Neotropical 

Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 17: 

1–178. 

Rogers, L. E. and R. J. Lavigne. 1972. Asilidae of the 

Pawnee National Grasslands, in northeastern 

Colorado. University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment 

Station Science Monograph 25: 35 pp. 

Say, T. 1823. Descriptions of dipterous insects of the 

United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural 

Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 9–54, 73–104. 

Schiner, J. R. 1862. Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen 

(Diptera). I. Theil. Wien. 674 pp. 

Schiner, J. R. 1866. Die Wiedemann’schen Asiliden, 

interpretirt und in die seither errichteten neuen 

Gattungen eingereiht. Verhandlungen der 

kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen 

Gesellschaft in Wien 16: 649–722. 

Steyskal, G. C., W. L. Murphy, and E. M. Hoover. 

1986. Insects and Mites: Techniques for 

Collection and Preservation. United States 

Department of Agriculture, Agricultural 

Research Service Miscellaneous Publication 

1443: 103 pp.

36 


Walker, F. 1848. List of the specimens of dipterous 

insects in the collection of the British 

Museum, volume 1. London. 229 pp. 

Walker, F. 1860. Characters of undescribed Diptera 

in the collection of W. W. Saunders. 

Transactions of the Entomological Society of 

London 5: 268–296. 

Weeks, L. and H. A. Hespenheide. 1985. Predatory 

and mating behavior of Stichopogon 

(Diptera: Asilidae) in Arizona. Pan-Pacific 

Entomologist 61(2): 95–104. 

Williston, S. W. 1886. Dipterological notes and 

descriptions. Transactions of the American 

Entomological Society and Proceedings of 

the Entomological Section of the Academy of 

Natural Sciences 13: 287-307. 

Wilcox, J. 1936. Asilidae, new and otherwise, from 

the Southwest, with a key to the genus Stichopogon. 

Pan-Pacific Entomologist 12: 201–212.

The Genus Stichopogon Loew (Diptera: Asilidae) in America North ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?