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4.3 Child labour
Child labour is an imperative aspect to take into account in Cambodia. The practice has
not increased in recent years, but the incidence is among the highest in East Asia and the
Pacific. A staggering 45 per cent of Cambodian children aged between 5 and 14 years are
involved in child labour. 117 Cambodia has ratified the Minimum Age Convention no. 138,
Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour no. 182 and Convention on the Rights of
the Child. Relevant national law on child labour include the Constitution, Labour Law and
Prakas no. 106 on the Prohibition of the Worst Forms of Child Labour 118 . According to the
Cambodian Labour Law, the minimum age for employment is 15. Children between 12 and
14 years old can engage in light work, provided that they go to school. The law specifies the
maximum number of hours of light work that children in this age range may undertake per
day and per week, the hours during which children are not allowed to work, and the amount
of rest time required per working period. Hazardous work is allowed from 18 years as stated
in a 2004 declaration on the Prohibition of Hazardous Child Labour 119 .
Some Cambodian children find work in the tourist industry by building hotels and restaurants,
by working at restaurants and by selling souvenirs, books, postcards and drinks to
tourists. Some are between 10 and 12 years and sell, for example, seas shells on a cart or
postcards and books at the temples of Angkor Wat. Children as young as 10 years old are employed
at the beer gardens and interact with tourists. Children are also involved in massage
parlours, but this is difficult to document since the sector is informal with no employment
contracts. Relatives and family benefit from their children working. Some parents force their
children to sell and beg in the tourist areas. 120 In construction, children make 1.50–2 dollars
per day (9.50–13 SEK). Children usually help the adults at the construction site, for example
by collecting bricks. 121
Children that interact with tourists are also found on the streets of Cambodia 122 . According to
ChildSafe Cambodia, approximately 24 000 children live on and/or in the streets of
Cambodia 123 . In Phnom Penh, many children sell roses to tourists on the riverside and near
the royal palace. They are about 12–13 years old and often live in the slum areas. 124 Ongoing
research and anecdotal evidence from several organizations confirms significant drug use by
street children in Cambodia. The Mith Samlanh Substance Use Survey from 2011 concluded
that 35.6% of the entire street child and youth population in several Cambodian tourist cities
used drugs whilst 76.5% of the lone street living children and youth population used drugs. 125
They consume alcohol and drugs “in order to survive their experiences and escape their
reality” 126 .
As mentioned earlier, a popular venue for children to sell at is the temples of Angkor Wat.
There thousands of tourists come every day to walk around for several days. Children there
under 14 years old usually sell for half a day and go to school for the rest of the day. The
average income is 2 dollars (13 SEK) a day. The mobile sellers work from 7.30 until between
16.00 and 18.00 depending on the availability of tourists. In 2008, there were about 50–60
children in two selling areas. Below is an example of a girl who has been selling for almost
10 years. Since 2009, the provincial authorities, NGOs and social services have worked to
eliminate all selling at the temples by children by 2015. A member of the Informal Economy
Association is sceptical about the possibility of achieving this goal, as there are many poor
families. 127
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