Citation Guide - Writing@CSU - Colorado State University

Writing@CSU Writing Guide
Citation Guide: Council of Science Editors
(Citation/Sequence System)
This Writing Guide was downloaded from the Writing@CSU Web Site at
Colorado State University on January 22, 2014 at 5:23 PM. You can view the
guide at http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfmguideid=12. Copyright
information and a citation can be found at the end of this document.
Introduction
The Council of Science Editors scientific style of documentation is used in the biological
sciences and many other fields of scientific study as well. Like the Chicago Manual of
Style, it offers three approaches for documenting sources: 1) a citation/sequence system,
2) a name/year system, and 3) a citation/name system. This guide explains the
Citation/Sequence system.
Inserted at the point of reference, superscripted numbers interact with sequentially
numbered entries on a References list located at the end of the book or document.
This guide is based on Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors,
and Publishers (7th ed.), a publication of the Council of Science Editors. The standards of
documentation they present follow those found in National Library of Medicine
Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (NLM 1991).
Citing Sources within Your Paper (Using In-Text Numbering)
The CSE - Citation/Sequence in-text citation system is simple: It relies on numbers.
Unlike the Name/Year system, no parenthetical information is required. All that's needed
is a superscripted number: a raised numeral located at the end of a clause or sentence
identifying the content as outside source material.
The superscripted number flags the reader's attention to a correspondingly numbered
entry on a References list located at the end of a book or document.
In-Text Numbering Rules
CSE In-Text Numbering Rules are as follows:
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CSE In-Text Numbering Rules are as follows:
In-text superscripted numbers appear after the punctuation and quotation marks at
the end of a cited clause or sentence. There is no space between the punctuation
and the numeral.
Source material located in the first part of a sentence separated by an em dash (two
hyphens) is cited with the number placed before the dash begins.
Beginning with 1, each number follows in sequential order from page to page.
When citing a previously mentioned source, use the first number assigned to the
source.
When referring to more than one source, separate the numbers using commas.
When referring to a source cited in another source, use the phrase "cited in":
The data12(cited in 8) collected in the third month of study...
Superscripted numbers can be created in Microsoft® Word.
How to Superscript Numbers with Microsoft® Word 2007 or later
1. Select the number you want to superscript
2. Click on the superscript icon located in the font box (x2)
3. Click on the superscript icon again to return to normal font
How to Superscript Numbers with Microsoft® Word 2003 or earlier
1. Select Font on the tool bar Format drop-down menu and open the Font tab.
2. Select the same font and style used in the rest of your document.
3. Select a font-size one or two points smaller than the body text.
4. Select automatic (for black) or another color choice from the Font color menu.
5. Check the Superscript option in the Effects section.
6. Click OK, return to your document and insert your superscript number.
7. Once inserted, you must return to the Font dialogue box and uncheck the
Superscript selection before entering any more text.
Citing Sources at the End of Your Paper
The end documentation in the CSE Citation/Sequence system is called References list. It
is located at the end of a document or book and contains all the bibliographic information
needed to find out more about each cited source within the text.
This page is a selective bibliography and does not include a full accounting of sources
related to or consulted before you began writing your document, but only those actually
cited. You may want to include sources that directly informed your thinking but aren't
explicitly cited in the text on a separate page entitled Additional References. Further
reading suggestions or a fuller bibliography should be placed on yet another page entitled
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Additional Reading or Bibliography.
Proper CSE documentation depends on the References page. Without it the in-text
numbers would make little sense as they would no longer be pointing at any
corresponding entries in the end documentation.
References Formatting Rules
CSE references list formatting rules call for the end documentation to begin on the
last page of your document, not on a separate one. If your document is 6½ pages long,
the References list should begin on page 7, directly below the concluding text of your
document.
The references list formatting rules are as follows:
References is the most common title, however Cited References or Literature Cited
are acceptable titles as well.
The title should be placed flush-left on the page and may appear Bold, Underlined,
or capped in UPPERCASE letters.
Double space between title and first entry; single-space all other entries.
Set font-size one or two point (type) sizes smaller than the document text.
Page numbers are included when specific passages rather than entire sources are
being cited and in the case of quotations.
Arrange entries numerically, following their initial in-text order of appearance. Each
number should be followed by a period and one space.
Individual entries may be formatted in the following three ways:
No indentation. All lines in each entry flush-left.
Numbers flush-left. All lines in each entry indented one or two spaces.
Indent the first line of each entry five spaces from the left margin (the normal
tab-button default space). Subsequent lines are flush-left.
Bibliography Formatting Rules
CSE bibliography formatting rules differ significantly from the References rules:
The title--Bibliography--replaces the word References at the top of a separate page.
Numbers are omitted altogether and entries are arranged alphabetically, last name
first, instead of numerically.
Optional elements such as author affiliations, original language, notes, etc., may be
included here. More information on their placement is available online in National
Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (pdf file).
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Examples of CSE Citation/Sequence References Formatting
Books and Book Parts
Scholarly and Professional Journals
Newspaper and Magazine Articles
Conference Proceedings, Papers and Abstracts
Scientific and Technical Reports
Dissertations, Theses and Patents
Legal Materials
Audio and Video Materials
Electronic and Internet Sources
Unpublished Work
Books and Book Parts
Note: For consistency, book entries should be formatted with the initials of authors and
editors first names when the References list includes journal article entries [for which the
rule calls for using initials rather than the first names of authors and editors] as well.
1. Book with One Author
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of first author, [followed by last name and
initial(s) of other authors, if any]. Title of book [capitalize only the first word and proper
nouns]. Place of publication: publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
1. Bates B. Bargaining for life: a social history of tuberculosis. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press; 1992. 435 p.
2. Book with Two or More Authors
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of authors in the order in which they appear on
the title page [note: periods are not used after initials; separate authors with commas].
Title of book. Place of publication: publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
2. Cain ML, Bowman WD, Hacker SD. Ecology. 2nd ed. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc;
2011. 648 p.
3. Edited Books
Format:
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Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of editor, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other editors, if any], editors. Title of book. Information about edition (if applicable).
Place of publication: publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
3. Coovadia HM, Benatar SR, editors. A century of tuberculosis: South African perspectives. Cape
Town: Oxford University Press; 1991. 319 p.
4. Books with Author, Editor, Translator and Note
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author. Title of book. Last name and initial(s)
of translator, translator; last name and initial(s) of editor, editor. Place of publication:
publisher; year of publication. Number of pages. Note.
Example:
4. Ferrand, J. A treatise on lovesickness. Beecher A, Ciavolella M, translators and editors.
Syracuse: Syracuse University Press; 1990. 709 p. Translation of the 1623 edition.
5. Microform Books
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of book [type of microtext]. Place of publication: microform
publisher; year of publication. Number of reels. Type of film.
Example:
5. Fortney, S. Bedrest in healthy women [microfiche]. Springfield (VA): National Technical
Information Service; 1986. 2 microfiches: negative.
6. Titled Book in Multivolume Work
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last name and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of volume. Volume number, title of multivolume work [note:
include the total number of volumes if referring to all volumes in the work]. Place of
publication: publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
6. Howard J, Strauss A. Humanizing health care. Vol. 1. Health, medicine, and society. New York:
Wiley; 1975.
7. Titled Book Chapter
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Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of book. Place of publication: publisher; year of publication.
Part or chapter title; inclusive pages.
Example:
7. Lamartine de Assis J. Miastenia grave. Sao Paulo: Sarvier; 1900. Historia da miastenia grave; p
19-20.
8. Titled Book Chapter not Written by Book Author
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author of chapter or part, [followed by last
names and initial(s) of other authors, if any]. Title of chapter or part. In: last name and
initial(s) of author or editor of book [followed by last names and initial(s) of other authors
or editors, if any]. Title of book. Edition information. Place of publication: publisher; year
of publication. Inclusive page numbers.
Example:
8. Hansen B. New York City epidemics and history for the public. In: Harden VA, Risse GB,
editors. Aids and the historian. Bethesda: National Institute of Health; 1991. p 21-8.
9. Corporate or Group Author
Format:
Entry number. Organization. Title of book. Edition information. Place of publication:
publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
9. National Geographic. Food Journeys of a Lifetime: 500 Extraordinary Places to Eat Around the
Globe. Washington DC (VA) :National Geographic; 2009. 320 p.
10. Unknown Author
Format:
Entry number. Title of book. Edition information. Place of publication: publisher; year of
publication. Number of pages.
Example:
10. Go Ask Alice. New York (NY): Simon Pulse; 1998. 192 p.
11. Book in an Edition Other Than the First
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Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of book. Edition information. Place of publication: publisher;
year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
11. Robert HM 3rd, Honemann DH, Balch TJ, Seabold DE. Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised.
11th ed. Cambridge (MA): Da Capo Press; 2011. 816 p.
12. Anthology or Collection with an Editor
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of editor, editor. Title of book. Edition information.
Place of publication: publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
12. Swan A, editor. Fresh Water: Women Writing on the Great Lakes. East Lansing (MI): Michigan
State University Press; 2006. 250 p.
13. Foreword, Introduction, Preface, or Afterword of a Book
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author(s) [note: if the part is written by
someone other than the author(s) of the book identify the author or editor of the book
before the boook title]. Title of book part. In: last name and initial(s) of editor, editor.
Title of book. Edition information. Place of publication: publisher; year of publication.
Inclusive pages.
Example:
13. Bellows, K. Introduction. In: National Geographic, editor. Food Journey's of a Lifetime: 500
Extraordinary Places to Eat Around the Globe. Washington DC (VA): National Geographic, 2009.
p. 7.
14. Published Proceedings of a Conference
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of editor, editor [note: list the editors of the
proceedings as authors or, if there are no editors, list the name and number of the
conference. Name and number of conference. Title of publication; date of conference;
place of conference; place of publication: publisher; year of publication. Number of pages.
Example:
14. McMahon C, Dutta D, Huang G, editors. PLM-SP5. Product Lifestyle Management: Supporting
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the extended enterprise ; 2009 Jul 6-8; Bath (GB); Geneva (CH): Inderscience Publisher; 2009.
780 p.
15. Published Dissertation or Thesis
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of first author, [followed by last name and
initial(s) of other authors, if any]. Title of book [dissertation or thesis in brackets
following the title]. Place of publication: publisher [note: treat the institution granting the
degree as the publisher]; year of publication. Number of pages. Follow with "Available
from:" or "Located at:" and list information used to locate the source (including aquisition
or database numbers).
Example:
15. Budd SG. Community Colleges and the Pursuit of Larger Grants: Strategies for Success
[dissertation]. Amherst (MA): University of Massachusetts Amherst; 2011; 180 p. Available from:
http://scholarworks.umass.edu/
Scholarly and Professional Journals
Note: When there are between two and ten authors, list all authors in the entry. When
there are more than ten, list only the first ten.
1. General Format for Journal Articles
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Article title. Title of journal [note: omit articles, conjunctions, an
dprepositions from the title]. [abbreviated according to the National Information
Standards Organization] Year month and day of publication;volume number(issue
number):inclusive page numbers [note: there are no spaces between the year, volume
number, and page numbers].
Example:
1. Wilton P. The Toronto Free Hospital for Consumptive Poor. Can Med Assoc J. 1992. May
15;146(10):1812-14.
2. Journal Article Specified by Type (i.e., Editorial)
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
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other authors, if any]. Article title [type of article]. Title of journal. Year;volume(issue
number):inclusive page numbers.
Example:
2. Besho F, Kobayashi N. A historical sketch of pediatric hematology and oncology in Japan
[editorial]. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1993; 10(2): v-viii.
3. Journal Article Paginated by Issue
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Author, [followed by last names and initial(s)
of other authors, if any]. Article Title. Title of Journal. Year of Publication; volume (issue
number): inclusive page numbers.
Example:
3. Besho F, Kobayashi N. A historical sketch of pediatric hematology and oncology in Japan.
Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1993; 10(2): v-viii.
4. Article Published on Non-Contiguous Journal Pages
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initials of author, [followed by last names and initials of
other authors, if any]. Title of article. Title of journal. Year of publication; volume
number: first set of inclusive pages, second set, etc.
Example:
4. Weisse AB. A plague in Philadelphia. The story of Legionnaires' disease. Hosp Pract. (Off Ed).
1992; 27(6):151-4,157,161-8.
5. Article Published in a Journal Supplement
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of article. Title of journal. Year of publication;volume(issue
number and supplement):inclusive page numbers.
Example:
5. Feindel W. Development of surgical therapy of epilepsy at the Montreal Neurological Institute.
Can J Neurol Sci. 1991;18(4 Suppl): 549-53.
6. Article Published in a Volume Supplement
Format:
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Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of article. Title of journal. Year of publication;volume and
supplement number:inclusive page numbers.
Example:
6. Rahe RH. Psychosocial stressors and adjustment disorder: Van Gogh's life chart illustrates
stress and disease. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990; 51 Suppl: 13-9.
Newspaper and Magazine Articles
1. Signed Newspaper Articles
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of article. Title of newspaper year month day of publication;
Section information: Page number (and dolumn designation, if available).
Example:
1. Condon G. Don't take those pills on an empty spirit. Dallas Morning News. 1996. Aug 4; Sect 5: 7.
2. Unsigned Newspaper Articles
Format:
Entry number. [Anonymous]. Title of article. Title of newspaper. Year month day of
publication; Section designation: Page number (and column designation, if available).
Example:
2. [Anonymous]. Dr. Paul O. Hagemann physician and professor. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 1998.
Jul 3; Sect B: 5.
3. Magazine Articles
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of article. Title of magazine year and month of publication:
Inclusive page numbers.
Example:
3. Darson D, Milano MG, Barry C. Religion: the forgotten factor in health care. The World & I.
1996. Feb: 292.
Conference Proceedings, Papers and Abstracts
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Formats for conference proceedings vary according to whether their titles are the same as
the conference or not; formats for papers and abstracts presented at a conference vary
according to whether they are published in the proceedings with an individual title or with
the same title as the conference.
1. Proceeding Titles that Share Conference Titles
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Editor, [followed by last names and initials of
other editors, if any], editor(s). Description of proceedings and Title of Conference; Year
Month Days of Conference; Location of Conference. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of
Publication. Number of Pages.
Example:
17. Powers JD, Powers TE, editors. Proceedings of the 10th annual food animal medicine conference:
the use of drugs in food animal medicine; 1984 Sep 25-26; Columbus, Ohio. Columbus: The Ohio State
University Press; 1984. 310 p.
2. Proceeding Titles that Do Not Share Conference Titles
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Editor, [followed by last names and initials of
other editors, if any], editor(s). Title of proceedings. Title of Conference; Year Month
Days of Conference; Place of Conference. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of
Publication. Number of Pages.
Example:
18. Irvin AD, Cunningham MP, Young AS, editors. Advances in the control of Theileriosis. International
Conference held at the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases; 1981 Feb 9-13;
Nairobi. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1981. 427 p.
3. Papers that Share Conference Proceeding Titles
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Author, [followed by last names and initials of
other authors, if any]. Title of paper. In: Description of proceedings and Title of
Conference; Year Month and Days of Conference; Location of Conference. Place of
Publication: Publisher; Year of Publication. Page Numbers.
Example:
19. Gingerich, D.A., Pharmacokinetics of drugs used for therapy of the mammary gland. In: Kalter RJ,
Proceedings of the 10th Annual Food Animal Medicine Conference; 1984 Sep 25-26; Columbus, OH.
Columbus: The Ohio State University; 1984. p 117-35.
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4. Papers that Do Not Share Conference Proceeding Titles
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Author, [followed by last names and initials of
other authors, if any]. Title of paper. In: Last Name and Initial(s) of Editor, [followed by
last names and initials of other editors, if any], editor(s). Title of proceedings. Title of
Conference; Year Month and Days of Conference; Conference Location. Place of
Publication: Publisher; Year of Publication. Page Numbers. (Series Information, if
applicable.)
Example:
20. Walker AR, McKellar SB. Preliminary observations on the density of sporozoites of Theileria
Annulata. In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP, Young AS, editors. Advances in the control of Theileriosis.
Proceedings of an International Conference held at the International Laboratory for Research on
Animal Diseases; 1981 Feb 9-13; Nairobi. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1981. p 125-26.
5. Abstracts
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initials of Author [followed by last names and initials of
other authors, if any]. Title of abstract [abstract]. In: Title of proceedings/conference;
Year Month and Days of Conference; Location of Conference. Place of Publications:
Publisher; Year of Publication. Page Numbers. Abstract Number [if available].
Example:
21. Willoughby E. A neglected treatise on headache [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the International
Conference of the Auckland Medical Historical Society; 1994 Aug; Auckland, New Zealand. Auckland:
Pyramid Press; 1995. p 419.
Scientific and Technical Reports
Formats for scientific and technical reports vary according to the organization responsible
for the report.
1. U.S. Government Report Authored by a Government Agency or Dept.
Format:
Entry Number. Name of Agency or Department (US) [Abbreviation of Agency or
Department]. Title and description of report. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year and
Month of Publication. Number of Pages or Volumes. Availability Statement.
Example:
1. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health (US) [DOE].
Office of Occupational Medicine. Annual report. Washington, DC: DOE; 1993 Aug. 14 p. Available
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Office of Occupational Medicine. Annual report. Washington, DC: DOE; 1993 Aug. 14 p. Available
from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DE-93018387.
2. U.S. Government Report Authored by an Outside Organization
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Author, [followed by last names and initial(s)
of other authors, if any] (Name of Responsible Organization). Title and description of
report. Place of Publication: Publisher or Sponsoring Organization; Year Month and Day of
Publication. Report Number. Contract Number. Number of Pages. Availability Information.
Example:
2. Lenz TG, Vaughan JD, Cooper LN. (Colorado State University). Study of improved methods for
predicting chemical equilibria. Final Report 1 Jan 90-31 Mar 93. Washington: Department of
Energy; 1993 Sep. Report nr DOE/ER/13582-T3. Contract nr FG02-86ER13582. 33 p. Available
from: NTIS, Springfied, VA; DE-94001647.
3. Non U.S. Government Report
Format:
Entry Number. Name of Responsible Organization [abbreviation of performing
organization]. Title and description of report. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year and
Month of Publication. Report Number. Number of Pages.
Example:
3. Gas Research Inst. [GRI], Institute of Gas Technology. Computerized operations management.
Final report Feb 1992. Chicago (IL): Transport and Storage Research Dept; 1992 Feb. Report nr
PB94-12203, PB94-122041. 1009 p. in 2 v.
Dissertations, Theses and Patents
1. Dissertation or Thesis
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Author. Title of dissertation or thesis
[dissertation or thesis]. Place of Degree-Granting Institution: Degree-Granting
Institution; Date of Degree. Number of pages. Availability Information. Identifying
Information.
Example:
25. Mangie ED. A comparative study of the perceptions of illness in New Kingdom Egypt and
Mesopotamia of the early first millennium [dissertation]. Akron (OH): University of Akron; 1991. 160
p. Available from: University Microfilms, Ann Arbor MI; AAG9203425.
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2. Patent
Format:
Entry Number. Last Name and Initial(s) of Inventor, [followed by last names and initials
of other inventors, if any], inventor(s). Assignee. Title of Patented device or process.
Patent descriptor. Year Month Day the Patent Was Issued.
Example:
26. Umezawa H, Suzuki S, Ohkuma T, inventors; Zaidan Hojin Biseibutsu Kagaka, assignee. Medical
composition for injection containing a spergualin as active ingredient and process for preparing the
same notag [stabilizers of dextrans, cyclodextrins, and chodroitin sulfate; anticarcinogenic agents,
immunomodulators]. US patent 4,876,244. 1989 Oct 24.
Legal Materials
Note: The NLM (National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic
Citation) does not offer its own guidelines for documenting legal references. The CSE
instead defers to A Uniform System of Citation (HLRA 1992) and offers the formats below,
based on their recommendations.
1. Court Cases
Format:
Entry Number. Title of Case, Volume Source Page Numbers (Court and Date).
Example:
1. Meyer v. State of Nebraska., 262 U.S. 390 (S.Ct. 625 1923).
2. Statutes
Format:
Entry Number. Title of Statute, Volume Number Source Section Number § (Year of
Publication)
Example:
2. Farm Credit Act. 42 U.S.C.A. § 410 (1959)
3. U.S. Senate Bills, Unenacted
Note: This example was taken from CSE's Scientific Style and Format (p 663).
Format:
Entry Number. Senate Bill Number, Number of Congress, Number of Session Section
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Number § (Year).
Example:
3. S. 2830, 96th Cong., 2d Sess. § 8 (1980).
4. State Joint Resolutions, Enacted
Note: This example was taken from CSE's Scientific Style and Format (p 663).
Format:
Entry Number. Resolution Number, Legislature Number, Session Number, Year Collection
of Laws
Example:
4. H.R.J. Res 1, 40th Leg., 2d Spec. Sess., 1974 Utah Laws 7
5. U.S. Senate Hearings
Format:
Entry Number. Title of Hearing, Number of Congress, Session Number. (Year)
Example:
5. U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf: Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations,
101st Cong., 2nd Sess. (1990)
Media Sources
1. Sound Recording
Format:
Entry number. Title [type of medium in brackets]. Names of author(s), editor(s),
conductor(s) etc. Name of producer (if corporate and different from publisher). Place of
publication: publisher; year of publication. Quantity and physical description of the
medium. (Series statement if available). Accompanying material. Availability information
(if available).
Example:
1. Fibromyalgia update: What therapies really work [audiocassette]. Davidson P, moderator;
Dreher T and others, panelists. Greenbrae (CA): HealthRoad Productions; 1998. 1 audiocassette,
100 min.
2. Film or Video Recording
Note: This example was taken from CSE's Scientific Style and Format (p 664).
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Note: This example was taken from CSE's Scientific Style and Format (p 664).
Format:
Entry number. Title [type of medium in brackets]. Names of author(s), editor(s),
conductor(s) etc. Name of producer (if corporate and different from publisher). Place of
publication: publisher; year of publication. Quantity and physical description of the
medium. (Series statement if available). Accompanying material. Availability information
(if available).
Example:
2. New horizons in esthetic dentistry [videocassette]. Wood, RM, editor. Visualeyes Productions,
producer. [Chicago]: Chicago Dental Society; 1989. 2 videocassettes: 170 min, sound, color with
black and white, 1/2 in. (Clinical topics in dentistry; Nr 46)
Electronic and Internet Sources
Note: CSE lists formats for only a few different types of electronic and Internet sources.
For a greater variety (including bulletin boards, online databases, and electronic mail),
see the National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation
(NLM 1991).
1. Electronic Journal Articles
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors]. Title of article. Abbreviated journal title [medium]. Year of
publication;volume(issue):inclusive page numbers [if available]. Availability information.
Date of access.
Example:
1. Loker WM. "Campesinos" and the crisis of modernization in Latin America. Jour of Pol Ecol
[serial online] 1996; 3(1). Available:
http://www.library.arizona.edu/ej/jpe/volume_3/ascii-lokeriso.txt via the INTERNET. Accessed
1996 Aug 11.
2. Electronic Books (Monographs)
Format:
Entry number. [Abbreviated name of corporate author, if appropriate]. Name of corporate
author. TITLE OF MONOGRAPH [monograph online]. Place of publication: publisher; year
of publication [update information, if applicable]. Availability information. Date of access.
Example:
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2. University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Services. RECOGNITION AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE PERIMENOPAUSAL PATIENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE [monograph
online]. University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Services; 1998 May. Available
from: Femhealth, http://peri-menopause.com. Accessed 1999 May 20.
3. Computer Program with an Author
This example was taken from CSE's Scientific Style and Format (p 669).
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. NAME OF PROGRAM [medium]. Version. Place of publication:
publisher; year of publication. Physical description. System requirements.
Example:
3. Rosenberg V, Ghalambor C, Rycus P, Thomas R. PRO-CITE [computer program]. Version 1.4.
Ann Arbor (MI): Personal Bibliographic Software; 1988. 3 computer disks: color, 5 1/4 in.
Accompanied by: 1 manual. System requirements: IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 or any 100% compatible
computer; 320K RAM; DOS 2.0 or higher.
4. Computer Program without an Author
Note: This example was taken from CSE's Scientific Style and Format (p 668).
Format:
Entry number. NAME OF PROGRAM [medium]. Version. Place of publication: publisher;
year of publication. Physical description. Accompanying material. System requirements.
Example:
4. GRATEFUL MED [computer program]. Version 5.0. Bethesda (MD): National Library of
Medicine; 1990. 5 computer disks: 5 1/4 in.; or 2 computer disks: 3 1/2 in. Accompanied by: 1
user's guide; troubleshooting guide. System requirements: IBM PC family or fully compatible
computer; DOS 2.0 or higher; Hayes Smartmodem or fully compatible modem; 384K RAM
required, 512K RAM recommended; 1 or more floppy drives; hard disk with a minimum of 2 MB of
free space recommended.
5. Databases
Note: This example was taken from the National Library of Medicine Recommended
Formats for Bibliographic Citation Supplement: Internet Formats. (p 49).
Format:
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Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initial(s) of
other authors, if any]. Title of database. Version. Place of publication: publisher. Date of
publication [date of update/revision; date of citation].
Example:
5. Prevention News Update Database [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention(US), National Prevention Information Network. 1988 Jun - [cited 2001 Apr 12].
Available from: http://www.cdcnpin.org/db/public/dnmain.htm
6. Web Sites
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author; title of webpage [internet]. Place of
publication: publisher; date of publication [date of update/revision; date of citation].
Available from: (insert URL)
Example:
6. British Medical Journal [Internet]. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ; 2004 July 10; Available from:
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/
7. Email Communications
Format:
Entry number. Author of message. Title of message. Message to: message recipient.
Date of publication [date of citation].
Example:
7. Harris JP. RE: determining rH factor [Internet]. Message to: Adam Zacharias. 1998 Feb 23,
12:08 pm [cited 1998 Feb 28].
8. Discussion Lists
Format:
Entry number. Author of message. Title of message. In: title of list. [Place of publication:
publisher]; date of publication; date of [citation date]. Numeration of message. Available
from: insert URL
Example:
8. Kennedy J. AMA Physician Characteristics. In: Medlib. [NY: Univ of Buffalo]; 2001 December
week 3, [Cited 2004 July 10]. 1. Available from:
http://listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu/cgi-bin/waA1=ind0112c&L=medlib-l
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Unpublished Work
1. Letters
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of letter author(s). [Description and date of
letter]. Located at: repository and location of repository.
Example:
1. Bacon F. [Letters to various Tudor notables, ca. 1630]. Located at: The James Marshall and
Marie-Louise Osborn Collection, Yale University Beineke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New
Haven, Connecticut.
2. Manuscripts
Format:
Entry number. Title of document. [Description and date of document]. Located at:
repository and location of repository.
Example:
2. Box account book. [Accounts of wholesale druggist Henry Box, 1629-42]. Located at: The James
Marshall and Marie-Louise Osborn Collection, Yale University Beineke Rare Book and Manuscript
Library, New Haven, Connecticut.
3. Forthcoming Documents
Format:
Entry number. Last name and initial(s) of author, [followed by last names and initials of
other authors, if any]. Title of forthcoming document. Abbreviated title of journal and
year of forthcoming publication (if known). Forthcoming.
Example:
3. Pohl PS, Winstein C. Practice effects on the less-affected upper extremity after stroke. J Am
Cong Rehab Med. Forthcoming.
Additional CSE Resources
Printed Resources:
Council of Science Editors. Scientific style and format: The CSE manual for authors,
editors, and publishers. 6th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1994. 825 p.
National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation/Pb
91182030. United States Government Printing Office; 1991.
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Electronic Resources:
The official Council of Science Editors web site, updated regularly, is the comprehensive
guide to all things CSE: the organization, its journals, products and services.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center, CSE Documentation
Citation Information
Ellen Palmquist, Peter Connor, Heidi Scott, and Laurel Nesbitt.. (1994 - 2012).
Citation Guide: Council of Science Editors (Citation/Sequence System).
Writing@CSU. Colorado State University. Available at
http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfmguideid=12.
Copyright Information
Copyright © 1994-2014 Colorado State University and/or this site's authors, developers,
and contributors. Some material displayed on this site is used with permission.
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