The SMART Reactor - SMR
The SMART Reactor - SMR
The SMART Reactor - SMR
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>SMART</strong> <strong>Reactor</strong><br />
4 th Annual Asian-Pacific Nuclear Energy Forum<br />
2010. 6. 18-19<br />
Won Jae Lee (wjlee@kaeri.re.kr)
Contents<br />
I. Introduction<br />
II. <strong>SMART</strong> Design Features<br />
III. <strong>SMART</strong> Project<br />
IV. Summary & Conclusions<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
1
I. Introduction<br />
Nuclear, a Resolution to Energy, Water & Environment<br />
Issues<br />
Renewables<br />
8%<br />
EIA (2007)<br />
Nuclear<br />
6%<br />
Coal<br />
26%<br />
Role of Nuclear<br />
Oil<br />
37%<br />
Richard Smalley ,<br />
Energy & Nanotechnology Conference,<br />
Rice University, Houston, May 3, 2003<br />
Natual Gas<br />
23%<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
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Small & Medium <strong>Reactor</strong>s can provide Flexible Resolution<br />
to Energy, Water & Environmental Issues<br />
Electricity to Countries with<br />
- Limited or Distributed Electricity Grid System<br />
- Limited Financial Resources for a Large Nuclear Power Plant<br />
Combined Electricity and Process Heat to<br />
- Industrial Complexes: High Pressure Steam<br />
- Arid Regions: Water Desalination<br />
- Freezing Regions: District Heating<br />
<strong>SMART</strong> (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor)<br />
is being developed by KAERI<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
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II. <strong>SMART</strong> Design Features<br />
Loop Type PWR<br />
Innovative Design<br />
• Integrated Primary<br />
System<br />
• Inherent Safety<br />
Features<br />
• Advanced Digital Man-<br />
Machine Interface<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
(System-integrated<br />
Modular Advance<br />
ReacTor)<br />
Pressurizer<br />
Canned<br />
Motor<br />
Pump<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X X X<br />
X<br />
Core<br />
Helical Steam<br />
Generator<br />
Enhanced <strong>Reactor</strong> Safety: No LBLOCA<br />
Flexible Applications: Electricity, Heat<br />
Early Deployment: Proven Technology<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
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<strong>SMART</strong> 330MW th Application<br />
330MW th Integral PWR<br />
Electricity Generation, Desalination and/or District Heating<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
Plant Data<br />
Electricity<br />
Steam<br />
Transformer<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Power : 330 MW th<br />
Water : 40,000 t/day<br />
Electricity: 90 MW e<br />
Main Ejector<br />
Steam<br />
Potable water<br />
Scale Inhivitor<br />
Feed Water<br />
Flash<br />
Vent Ejector<br />
Steam Supply<br />
To Outfall<br />
Feed<br />
Seawater<br />
Seawater<br />
Condenser<br />
1st Effect 2nd Effect 3rd Effect Last Effect<br />
Final<br />
Condenser<br />
Condensate<br />
Pump<br />
Desalination Plant<br />
Brine Blowdown<br />
Pump<br />
Distillate<br />
Pump<br />
Intake<br />
Facilities<br />
Electricity and Fresh Water Supply to a City of 100,000 Population<br />
Suitable for Small Grid Size or Distributed Power System<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
5
NSSS - RPV<br />
All Primary Components in<br />
a <strong>Reactor</strong> Pressure Vessel (RPV)<br />
RPV<br />
8 Helical Once-through SG’s<br />
4 Canned Motor Pumps<br />
Internal Steam Pressurizer<br />
25 Magnetic Jack type CRDM’s<br />
RPV Internals<br />
- Upper Guide Structure<br />
- Core Support Barrel<br />
6.5m (D) X 18.5m (H)<br />
Design Condition: 17MPa, 360 o C<br />
<strong>Reactor</strong> Life > 60 yrs<br />
Control Rod Drive<br />
Mechanism<br />
ICI Nozzles<br />
<strong>Reactor</strong> Closure<br />
Head<br />
<strong>Reactor</strong> Coolant<br />
Pump<br />
Steam Nozzle<br />
Feed Water<br />
Nozzle<br />
<strong>Reactor</strong> Vessel<br />
Support<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
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RPV <strong>The</strong>rmal-Hydraulics<br />
Major Flow Path to Minimize Cross Flow in the<br />
Upper Guide Structure (UGS)<br />
Flow Mixing Header Assembly (FMHA) provides<br />
<strong>The</strong>rmal Mixing in case of TH Asymmetry<br />
Major TH Parameters<br />
Parameter<br />
Value<br />
Pressure, MPa<br />
Core Average Mass Flux, kg/m 2 s<br />
Maximum Core Bypass, %<br />
Average Rod Heat Flux, kW/m 2<br />
Core Inlet Temperature, o C<br />
SG Inlet, o C<br />
Steam Superheating, o C<br />
Fuel <strong>The</strong>rmal Margin, %<br />
15<br />
1361<br />
4.0<br />
360<br />
295.7<br />
323<br />
30<br />
> 15<br />
FMHA<br />
UGS<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
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Fuel & Core<br />
Fuel<br />
Proven 17 x 17 LEU Fuel with Reduced Height<br />
A B C D E F G H J<br />
Core<br />
Peak Rod Burn-up > 60GWD/MTU<br />
57 Fuel Assemblies<br />
Fuel Cycle Length > 3 yrs<br />
Availability Factor > 95%<br />
Proven Reactivity Control<br />
External CRDM<br />
Soluble Boron<br />
Burnable Poison<br />
60 yrs of On-site Spent Fuel Storage<br />
180°<br />
180°<br />
4<br />
8<br />
4<br />
8<br />
20<br />
24<br />
20<br />
8<br />
90°<br />
4 8 4<br />
8 20 24 20 8<br />
20<br />
12 8 12<br />
12 8 12 8 12<br />
8 12 8 12 8<br />
12 8 12 8 12<br />
20<br />
8<br />
N<br />
N<br />
12 8 12<br />
20 24 20<br />
4 8 4<br />
270°<br />
20<br />
20<br />
2.82 w/o U-235 21 FA<br />
4.88 w/o U-235 36 FA<br />
A B C D E F G H J<br />
N indicates No. of UO2+Gd2O3<br />
S2<br />
8<br />
8<br />
20<br />
24<br />
20<br />
8<br />
fuel rods.<br />
S2 S1 S1 S2<br />
R1 R3 R1 R3 R1<br />
S2 S1 S1 S2<br />
R2 R3 R2<br />
S2<br />
90°<br />
R1<br />
R1<br />
S2<br />
R2 R3 R2<br />
270°<br />
S2<br />
4<br />
8<br />
4<br />
0°<br />
0°<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8<br />
9<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8<br />
9<br />
R<br />
Regulating Bank<br />
S<br />
Shutdown Bank<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
8
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
9<br />
Fluid Systems
Safety<br />
Core Damage Frequency < 10 -6 /RY<br />
Inherent Safety<br />
No Large Break: Vessel Penetration < 2” (None from RPV Bottom)<br />
Large Primary Coolant Inventory<br />
No Return-to-Power by Excessive Cooling<br />
Low Vessel Fluence<br />
Engineered Safety Features<br />
Passive Residual Heat Removal System (4 Train)<br />
- Natural Circulation Cooling of SG from Secondary Side<br />
Safety Injection System (4 Train)<br />
- Direct Vessel Injection from IRWST<br />
Containment Spray Systems (2 Train)<br />
Shutdown Cooling System (2 Train)<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
10
Accident Analysis<br />
MDNBR<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
Main Steam Line Break<br />
Complete Loss of Flow<br />
DNBR Limit = 1.1<br />
0 5 10 15<br />
Time [sec]<br />
Core power fraction<br />
1.6<br />
1.2<br />
0.8<br />
0.4<br />
2400<br />
2100<br />
1800<br />
1500<br />
0.0<br />
1200<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10<br />
Time [sec]<br />
Rod Ejection<br />
Maximum fuel C/L temperature [K]<br />
20<br />
16<br />
160<br />
Pressurizer Pressure [MPa]<br />
18<br />
16<br />
14<br />
Pressure Limit = 18.7 MPa<br />
Feedwater Line Break<br />
CVCS Malfunction<br />
12<br />
0 500 1000 1500 2000<br />
Time [sec]<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
11<br />
Level [m]<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
SBLOCA (2" SI Line Break)<br />
Hot side collapsed level<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0 1800 3600 5400 7200<br />
Time [sec]<br />
Break Flow<br />
SI Flow<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
Flow Rate [kg/sec]
Digital MMIS<br />
Fully Digitalized I&C System: DSP Platform<br />
4 Channel Safety/Protection System and Communication<br />
2 Channel Non-Safety System<br />
Advanced Human-Interface Control Room<br />
Ecological Interface Design<br />
Alarm Reduction<br />
Elastic Tile Alarm<br />
AIS<br />
: Alarm and Indication System<br />
CEDM<br />
: Control Element Drive Mechanism<br />
ERF<br />
: Emergency Response Facility<br />
ICCMS<br />
: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System<br />
IPS<br />
: Information Processing System<br />
MCC<br />
: Motor Control Center<br />
MCP<br />
: Main Coolant Pump<br />
MCR<br />
: Main Control Room<br />
NIS<br />
: Nuclear Instrumentation System<br />
NSGSC<br />
: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller<br />
PAM -D<br />
: PAM Display<br />
RSR RCR TSC ERF<br />
PIS<br />
: Process Instrumentation System<br />
POCS<br />
: POwer Control System<br />
PPS<br />
: Plant Protection System<br />
PRCS<br />
: PRocess Control System<br />
RCR<br />
: Rad waste Control Room<br />
RSR<br />
: Remote Shutdown Room<br />
SCOPS<br />
: <strong>SMART</strong> COre Protection System<br />
SDCS<br />
: SeconDary Control System<br />
SGCS<br />
: Safety Grade Control System<br />
SGSC<br />
: Safety Grade Soft Controller<br />
LDP<br />
SMS<br />
: Specific Monitoring System<br />
SS<br />
: Sub -network Switch<br />
TSC<br />
: Technical Support Center<br />
PAM-D<br />
NSGSC<br />
Safety<br />
Shutdown<br />
Control<br />
Panel<br />
Display such as Information (IPS),<br />
Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)<br />
Non-Safety<br />
Backbone Network<br />
SGSC<br />
Main Control Panel<br />
NSGSC<br />
NSGSC<br />
SGSC<br />
NSGSC<br />
Auxiliary Control Panel<br />
Safety<br />
Interface Network<br />
ISO<br />
Non-safety<br />
Interface Network<br />
CEDM<br />
Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field Sensors<br />
MCP<br />
MCC<br />
MCC<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
12
Construction<br />
Footprint<br />
300 x 300m for<br />
Electricity System<br />
200 x 300m for<br />
Desalination System<br />
Construction Period<br />
3 yrs<br />
Economics (as of ’07)<br />
Construction Cost:<br />
$5000/kWe<br />
O&M Cost: ~ 6.1¢/kWh<br />
(Lower than Hydro Power)<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
13
III. <strong>SMART</strong> Project<br />
Standard Design Approval (SDA) by 2011<br />
(256 th & 257 th Atomic Energy Commission)<br />
2009 2010 2011 2012<br />
Technology<br />
Validation<br />
Safety/Performance SET<br />
SBLOCA IET (VISTA)<br />
Design Tools & Methods<br />
Licensing Support<br />
& Additional Tests<br />
Key Technologies Validation<br />
Standard<br />
Design<br />
Standard Design<br />
SDA Application<br />
Licensing Support<br />
Licensing<br />
Pre-Safety Review<br />
Licensing Review<br />
Standard Design<br />
Approval<br />
Domestic<br />
Construction<br />
<strong>SMART</strong>-ITL Construction and Startup Tests<br />
Constructability<br />
Integral System<br />
Validation Tests<br />
Construction Project<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
14<br />
Decision for Construction
Project Organization<br />
Government<br />
KAERI<br />
KEPCO Consortium<br />
Project Manage.<br />
Technology Validation<br />
Standard Design<br />
NSSS<br />
Design<br />
Fuel<br />
Design<br />
BOP<br />
Design<br />
Comp.<br />
Design<br />
Technology Validation Project: $58M from Government<br />
Standard Design Project: $83M from KEPCO Consortium<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
15
<strong>SMART</strong> Consortium<br />
KEPCO Consortium was officially Inaugurated on June<br />
14, 2010<br />
KAERI<br />
KEPCO<br />
Consortium<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
16
Technology Validation Project<br />
Safety Tests<br />
Technology Validation<br />
Tools & Methods<br />
Performance Tests<br />
Standard<br />
Design<br />
Core SET<br />
• Freon CHF<br />
• Water CHF<br />
Safety SET<br />
• Safety Injection<br />
• Helical SG Heat Transfer<br />
• Condensation HX Heat<br />
Transfer<br />
Integral Effect Tests<br />
• VISTA SBLOCA<br />
• <strong>SMART</strong>-ITL<br />
Digital MMIS MMIS Safety System<br />
• Control Unit Platform<br />
• Communication Switch<br />
• Integral Safety System<br />
Code Devel/V&V<br />
• Safety: TASS/<strong>SMR</strong>-S<br />
• Core TH: MATRA-S<br />
• Core Protec./Monitor.<br />
Design Methodology<br />
• DNBR Analysis<br />
• Accident Analysis<br />
(SBLOCA, LOFA, …)<br />
• Integral Rx Dynamics<br />
V&V<br />
Technical Reports<br />
Fuel Assembly<br />
• Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.<br />
RPV TH<br />
• RPV Flow Distribution<br />
• Flow Mixing Header Ass.<br />
• Integral Steam PZR<br />
• PZR Level Measurement<br />
Components<br />
• RCP Hydrodynamics<br />
• RPV Internals Dynamics<br />
• SG Tube Irradiation<br />
• Helical SG ISI<br />
• In-core Instrumentation<br />
Digital MMIS MMIS Control Room<br />
• MMI Human Interface<br />
• Control Room FSDM<br />
Design Data<br />
Standard<br />
SAR<br />
Standard Design Approval<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
17
Standard Design Project<br />
NSSS Design<br />
Current Stage<br />
Next Stage<br />
Licensing Review<br />
Component Design<br />
Fuel<br />
BOP Design<br />
Construction<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
18
Future Plans<br />
Licensing<br />
Licensing Authority: MEST technically supported by KINS<br />
Under Pre-Safety Review by KINS in 2010<br />
Standard Design Approval Application by the End of 2010<br />
Standard Design Approval by the End of 2011<br />
Domestic Construction<br />
KEPCO is setting up a Plan for Domestic Construction of a FOAK<br />
<strong>SMART</strong> by the End of 2010<br />
Decision for Domestic Construction by Government is expected<br />
in 2011, then, Conventional Two-step Licensing will follow<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
19
IV. Summary & Conclusions<br />
<strong>SMART</strong> is a Viable Option for Early Deployment in Small<br />
& Medium <strong>Reactor</strong> Market<br />
Enhanced Safety & Operability by Advanced Design Features<br />
Economic Feasibility<br />
Flexible Applications for both Electricity and Heat<br />
Low Risk by Proven & Fully Validated Technologies<br />
KEPCO Consortium strengthens the <strong>SMART</strong> Viability<br />
Certified <strong>SMART</strong> Design will be available for Commercial<br />
Use in 2012 after the <strong>SMART</strong> Standard Design Approval<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
20
KAERI + KOPEC +<br />
KNF + DOOSAN<br />
World-Class Technology<br />
Provider<br />
KEPCO Consortium<br />
Project Management<br />
Marketing<br />
Financing<br />
Brand Power<br />
<strong>SMART</strong> Team will make it <strong>SMART</strong><br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
21
Thank you<br />
for your attention !<br />
<strong>SMART</strong><br />
System integrated Modular Advanced<br />
ReacTor<br />
22
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