Volume 4, 1951 - The Arctic Circle - Home

Manitoba-Saskatchewan boundary. The chief physiographic
feature of southern Manitoba is the Manitoba Escarpment,
the steep eastern slopes of a chain of north-northwesterly
trending hills, of which Pembina Mountains, southwest of
Winnipeg, and the Pasquia Hills of Saskatchewan, west of
The Pas, are the terminal ones. The low country between
Lake Vfinnipeg and the escarpment is underlain by Ordovician,
Silurian, and Devonian limestones, largely covered with
glacial drift and the deposits of glacial Lake Agassiz.
The higher country west of the escarpment, forming the second
major prairie level, lies on shales of Cretaceous age. A
relatively small region of prairie grassland occurs in the
southern part of this level, much of it in the ancient basin
of glacial Lake Souris. The prairie district is characterized
by high summer temperatures, warm, dry winds, and a
low rainfall of varying seasonal distribution and fluctuating
widely from year to year. Glacial erosion has removed al~
*~y~ii 9f T~rtiar~ aÔe except on Turtle Mountain, which
straddles the fort1-ninth Daralleln Th~ ùcntinuous forBBt
cover or the upper ~eve~s or this hill may proper~y be considered
a southern outlier of the aspen-parkland, and
indicates a more humid climate than on the adjacent prairie
lowlands.
Tuberculosis Survey: Jame~ and Hudson bays, 1950
ln the summer of 1950 an X-ray survey of the natives
living in the area to be served by the new hospital at Moose
Factory was carried out by the Indian Health Services of the
Department of National Health and Vfelfare. The area covered
included the west coast of James Bay and the east coasts of
James and Hudson bays as far north as Cape Smith. Dr. R.N.
Simpson was in charge of the Survey and the party included
Dr. D.S. Davis, dentist, and Mr. K. Wedderspoon, technician.
The party arrived at Moosonee on June 12 and, after
having held clinics at Albany~ Attawapiskat, Moose Factory,
and Moosonee proceeded to Rupert House by R.C.M.P. Peterhead
boat. Clinics were held at Rupert House and Nemiscau, which
was reached by aircraft, and the party then went on to
Eastmain. There, as at Rupert House, the natives seemed to
have many minor complaints which were thought to be the
result of poor living conditions prior to the beaver quota.
On the way north the party stoppad at the Cape Hope Islands
and arranged for the Eskimo there to go to Old Factory. At
Old Factory the living conditions of the Eskimo were found
to be poor since they had he.à.2.ittle 0:' no tro.pping. A
beaver quota which has now been arranged shc~ld improve
their economy. At Fort George, the largest settlement in